ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic idiopathic colorectal inflammatory diseases with a progressive and unpredictable course, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Abnormal intestinal inflammation and immune response contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Autophagy as an essential catabolic process in cells, has been demonstrated to have associations with a variety of inflammatory diseases including IBD. Here, we review the relationship between autophagy dysfunction and the process of IBD. The progress of several autophagy regulators for intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages is highlighted (inflammasome inhibitors, intestinal flora regulators, and other signal regulators) in the current studies on IBD.
ABSTRACT
In the field of research and development of biomedicine and drugs, the technologies about the extraction, isolation and purification of proteins play an important role. In recent years, the research on proteins has achieved significant progress, and new understanding of various properties of proteins has been achieved. At the same time, the development of physical, chemical and engineering technologies has also promoted the continuous improvement and promotion of extraction and isolation methodology. This paper reviews the technologies of extraction, isolation and purification according to the sources and classification of protein products.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To access rat lung toxicity of nano silica particles.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transmission electron microscope was used to observe size, shape and dispersibility of two silica particles; Size of two particles in water and RPMI 1640 containing 1% FBS were measured using Zeta Potential Analyzer. LDH activities of rat type I-like alveolar epithelial cell line R3/1 cells after 6, 24 and 48 h incubation with 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 microg/ml of two silica nano particles were detected by spectrophotometric method; protein carbonylation and MIP-2 release of R3/1 cells after 24 h incubation with 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 microg/ml of two silica nano particles were measured using ELISA kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TEM image showed nano silica particles were round and dispersed evenly; the average sizes of the two silica particles were (43+/-4.2) and (68+/-5.7) nm. Two silica particles had similar size in water and RPMI 1640 containing 1% FBS, respectively. Both nano silica particles in 2.5 approximately 20.0 microg/ml dose range did not cause significant increase of LDH activities (P>0.05), did not elevate protein carbonylation and MIP-2 levels in R3/1 cells (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two nano silica particles do not have lung toxicity in 2.5 approximately 20.0 microg/ml dose range.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alveolar Epithelial Cells , Metabolism , Cells, Cultured , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Metabolism , Nanoparticles , Toxicity , Silicon Dioxide , Toxicity , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the types of lipid disorder and its relationship with macrovascular diseases and insulin resistance in Chinese diabetic patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>2,430 diabetic patients finished the diabetes complications assessment and were surveyed on their blood lipids, insulin level and macrovascular diseases. The insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated based on HOMA model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prevalence of lipids disorder was as high as 63.8% in this group, including 23.9% with both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (HY-C-T), 16.1% with hypercholesterolemia only (HY-C), 15.0% with hypertriglyceridemia only (HY-T), 5.5% with lower HDL level (L-HDL), 3.3% with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and lower HDL level together. Compared with the patients with normal lipid level (control group), no duration differences existed among these groups. There were more female patients in HY-C and HY-C-T groups. BMI and WHR were higher in all groups with lipid disorder except in HY-C group. Macrovascular diseases were more common in HY-C-T patients than in control group (33.6% vs 24.0%, P < 0.001). Average blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension were significantly higher in HY-C-T, HY-C, HY-T groups than in control group (139/79, 138/76, 134/77 vs. 132/75 mmHg; 53.2%, 50.1%, 46.2% vs. 39.2%). Fasting insulin level was significantly higher in HY-C-T and HY-C-T-L-LDL groups than in controls. Insulin resistance was more severe in all patients with lipid disorder except in L-HDL group, particularly in the HY-C-T-L-HDL group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) BMI, WHR increased significantly with the severity of lipid disorder. (2) Nearly two thirds of Chinese diabetic patients have lipid disorder, which is the strong risk factor of macrovascular diseases and aggravates insulin resistance. (3) There was severe insulin resistance in patients with hypertriglyceridemia or with hypertriglyceridemia plus other lipid disorder.</p>