ABSTRACT
Glioma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors, and its incidence is increasing year by year. At the present, the treatment of glioma is still based on surgery, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These traditional treatment methods have certain limitations. therefore, it is urgent to find novel method, such as tumor gene therapy. Oncolytic adenovirus is a genetically engineered virus that can specifically infect and kill the tumor cells without affecting the function of normal cells. The treatment of oncolytic adenovirus has the characteristics of tumor specificity and safety, and it has achieved a certain effect in the treatment of gliomas. However, local injection of oncolytic adenovirus has limit effect in scattered tumor cells. Stem cells can be used as cell carriers and applied in gene therapy, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used. MSCs have an intrinsic chemotactic effect on many types of tumors, including glioma. MSCs loaded with oncolytic adenovirus can significantly improve the curative effect in the treatment of gliomas, but numerous clinical trials are still needed to obtain the best delivery means. Here, we reviewed the role and possible mechanism of stem cells in the treatment of gliomas, the advantages and disadvantages of different cell carriers and delivery means, and the problems and application prospects of stem cells loaded with oncolytic adenovirus. This review provides important theoretical basis for patients with multiple intracranial tumors and distal metastasis, and also provides new ideas for targeted therapy of glioma.
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Objective To provide reference for formulating scarlet fever prevention and control strategies by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and predicting the incidence trend of scarlet fever. Methods Spearman correlation analysis, clustering analysis, seasonal index model and seasonal ARIMA model were used for analysis and prediction. Results The average annual incidence of scarlet fever in 2010-2018 was 1.37/100 000, and there was a positive correlation between annual incidence and year (rs=0.817,P=0.007). April-June and November-December were high incidence months. The clustering analysis was significant(F=4795.30，P<0.001), showing that the high-incidence areas are Shennongjia, Yichang, Enshi, Wuhan. Reported cases were concentrated in 1-14 years old, mainly for students, child care children and scattered children. The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females. The optimal model is ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,0)12. The prediction showed that the monthly incidence characteristics of 2019 were consistent with previous years, and the annual incidence rate was 10.22/100 000(95% CI:2.33/100 000-30.43/100 000), which was higher than the incidence of 2018. Conclusions The incidence of scarlet fever in Hubei Province is generally on the rise from 2010 to 2018. The incidence is bimodal. Students are the main disease group. The incidence rate of males is higher. The incidence is mainly concentrated in the mountainous areas of southwest and capital cities. The ARIMA model has a good applicability in the prediction of scarlet fever. The incidence level will continue to rise in 2019, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and control measures with reference to epidemiological characteristics.
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Objective To study the differences in physical characteristics of lacrosse balls and baseballs, so as to investigate the potential sports injuries caused by lacrosse balls. Methods Twelve lacrosse balls and 12 baseballs were used as testing samples. All testing balls were under conditioning control for 24 h to make sure temperature and humidity were consistent before measurement. The physical characteristics such as ball weight, circumference, compression-displacement and restitution coefficient were measured, respectively. Independent-sample t-test was used to compare the differences in lacrosse balls and baseballs. Results The lacrosse ball weighted (144.65±0.29) g, and its circumference, compression-displacement, and restitution coefficient were (19.97±0.02) cm, (91.76±1.23) kg and (0.633±0.011), respectively. The baseball weighted (146.12±0.45) g, and its circumference, compression-displacement and restitution coefficient were (23.20 ± 0.06) cm, (124.76±1.68) kg, and (0.528 ± 0.005), respectively. The lacrosse balls are significantly smaller in weight, circumference and compression-displacement than the baseballs (P<0.05). The restitution coefficient was significantly greater than baseballs (P<0.05). Conclusions The physical characteristics of lacrosse balls are in compliance with international standard. However, lacrosse balls have the same risk of causing serious injuries as baseballs. To reduce the risk of sports injuries, it is recommended that the specification of lacrosse balls need to be classified for different age and skill levels.
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Objective To investigate the effect of a novel hip flexor training machine on muscle activation and range of motion (ROM) in lower limb under the condition of different resistances. Methods Six volunteers performed consecutive rightly hip flexion and extension for 30 times under light or heavy resistance randomly on the training machine, and the muscle activity and ROM in lower limb during the movement were measured at the same time. Results The muscle activation of rectus abdominal, hip flexor muscles, gluteus maximum, rectus femoris and biceps femoris under heavy resistance was significantly higher than that under light resistance (P<0.05); the muscle activation of rectus abdominis, hip flexor muscles and rectus femoris at during the last 3 times were significantly higher than that at of the first 3 times under heavy resistance (P<0.05); under light resistance, only the muscle activation of erector spinae and rectus femoris during the last 3 times were significantly higher than that of the first 3 times. The ROM and angle of hip extension under heavy resistance were significantly smaller than those under light resistance. Conclusions Under the rational ROM of hip joint, this new hip flexor training machine can stimulate the hip flexion and extension muscles and other co-contraction muscles to accomplish the movement, especially under the condition of heavy resistance.
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Objective To investigate the effect from local vibration stimulus on the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin change of biceps muscles. Methods Arm Vibration Massage Band was used by twelve volunteers(female college students) to receive the local vibration stimulus. By using the Near Infrared Spectroscopy, the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin of biceps muscles were measured at 10th minute before vibration, 10th minute during vibration and at 15th minute after vibration, respectively, to get the variation tendency at each minute. Repeated measured one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the test Results. Results The total hemoglobin of biceps muscles was significantly increased at 15th minute after vibration (P<0.05), and the total oxygen hemoglobin of biceps muscles was significantly increased at 10th minute during vibration and 15th minute after vibration (P<0.05). The maximum value of the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin occurred at 5th minute during 10-minute vibration stimulus, and compared with 10th minute before vibration, the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin could continue to be higher at 15th minute after vibration with a stable tendency. Conclusions The local vibration stimulus can acutely increase the total hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobin of biceps muscles, which can reach the maximum value with sustained vibration stimulus for at least 5 minutes.
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Objective To investigate the acute effect of local vibration stimulus with low frequency on hand control ability, flexibility, grip strength, and muscle EMG activity. Methods 10 subjects in this study held a vibrator for 20 seconds with isometric contraction at the vibration frequency of 12.5 Hz (vibration group, VIB) or with only isometric contraction (control group, CON). The same procedure measurement, including control ability, flexibility, grip strength, and muscle activity, were recorded both at pre-stimulus (pre-test) and 60-second after stimulus (post-test), respectively. Paired-t test was used to compare the values between pre-test and post-test and the changing rate between groups. Results The control ability and flexibility in pre-post test showed significant improvement after VIB intervention in VIB (P＜0.05). The changing rate of grip strength and EMG in VIB was significantly higher than those in CON (P＜0.05). Conclusions Acute local vibration stimulus with low frequency can be used to improve the hand control ability and flexibility for those who need better hand functional ability in the future.