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Objective:To analyze the correlation between capillary filling time (CRT) and lactate clearance rate in patients with septic shock, so as to provide reference for the clinical application of CRT in patients with septic shock.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 70 patients with septic shock. CRT, mean arterial pressure (map) and sequential organ failure (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Scoring System (APACHE Ⅱ) score, mechanical ventilation and lactate clearance rate were collected at 3 sites (forehead, knee and nail bed) respectively at 2 time points after admission and 6 hours after admission. The correlation between CRT changes and lactate clearance rate was compared.Results:When lactate clearance rate of more than 10% in 6 hours, the Pearson coefficients of the three sites were 0.823 for nail bed ( P<0.05), 0.232 for forehead and 0.254 for knee ( P>0.05). When lactate clearance rate of less than 10% in 6 hours, the Pearson coefficients of the three sites were 0.299 for nail bed, 0.247 for forehead and 0.254 for knee ( P>0.05). Conclusion:When lactate clearance rate of more than 10% in 6 hours, there is a good correlation between the CRT of nail bed and the lactate clearance rate of patients. The CRT of nail bed can be a practical tool for clinical evaluation of microcirculation.
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Objective To use the DNA-pool technology to sequence patients with essential hypertension(EH) for exploring the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) mutation situation in Chinese patients with EH.Methods One hundred EH outpatients in the Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital from March to June 2014 were continuously collected.The genomic DNA was performed the fragmentation process to 400-800 bp for conducting the database creation and sequencing.The sequencing results were compared with hg19 in the human gene bank(National Center of Biotechnology Information).Results A total of 120.8 Gb original sequence data were generated.The sequencing depth was 36.13 times,the coverage rate reached 99.88%.A total of 4 305 668 SNP loci were detected by the bioinformatic analysis,in which the C:G→T:A motation types were miximal,reaching 12 314 variation sites.Conclusion This study verifies that the data obtained by using the DNA-pool whole genome resequencing method replenishes the Chinese gene database of EH and provides some help for EH gene reasearch in the future.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system in the process of production of Loratadine tablets. METHODS:Taking wet granulation and tableting technology of Lorata-dine tablets as an example,and through the introduction of the concept of HACCP,the basic theory and method of HACCP were applied for hazard analysis on each production link to find critical control points and set critical limits for production quality man-agement. RESULTS:By HACCP analysis,three links namely drying,granules fitting and mixing,internal and external packaging were finally determined as the critical control points in the process of production of Loratadine tablets,thereby critical control lim-its were set for monitoring. After effective control over the risks in the process was ensured,HACCP work plan was made and veri-fied,and the results showed that HACCP system could effectively control and reduce the risks in the process of production and en-sure quality safety. CONCLUSIONS:Application of HACCP system to wet granulation and tableting technology of Loratadine tab-lets can fully embody its feasibility and effectiveness.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the classification of deviation in drug production. METHODS:From the perspective of dom-inant and hidden deviation,combining with the theory of risk management,risk of deviation was evaluated with different risk man-agement tools to define the severity of the deviation,and it was handled by different methods. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Ac-cording to the identifiability of deviation in actual management,the deviation was divided into dominance and hidden deviation. The dominant deviation can be divided into deep and shallow level. Whether the causes of deviation could be cleared and the conse-quences could be estimates were judged after the shallow level classification,and the deviation was further divided into simple and complex deviation. As for deviation complex,it could be evaluated with the tools of risk management to define the deviation severi-ty. As for hidden deviation,it needed beforehand preventing with the tools of risk management directly to define deviation levels and provide reference for preventive measures. In the process of deviation management,key point is to relay on the scientific meth-od to identify and classify deviation,and divide the influence levels. Combining the theory of risk management to select and use risk tools is the effective way to solve the problem.
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BACKGROUND: Attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD) isfrequently treated with psychostimulant medications, which had beenshown to improve both cognitive and behavioral outcomes for most chil dren. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of olanzapinevs methylphenidate treatment in childhood hyperkinetic syndrome.DESIGN: Clinical comparative study. SETTING: Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital; De partment of Mental Psychiatry, Shangdong Mouping People's Hospital. PARTICIPANT S: Sixty children with hyperkinetic syndrome from theclinics of the Department of Psychiatry,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital andthe Department of Mental Psychiatry of Shandong Mouping People's Hos pital between March 2002 and April 2004 were enrolled into this prospec tive study after obtaining the consents from their guardians.The patientswere randomly divided into 2 group: the olanzapine group (n=30) and themethylphenidate group (n=30). METHODS: In the olanzapine group olanzapine 2.5-7.5 mg per day wasgiven as a single dose in every evening.In the methylphenidate groupmethylphenidate 5-15 mg per day was given in divided dose in everymorning and evening.The dosage ofolanzapine and methylphenidatewere adjusted according to age, body mass and patient's clinical condi tions. And the period of treatment for either drug was 12 weeks. Conners teachers scale was used before and at the end of the 12 weektreatment(①hyperkinetic index consisted of 10 items②hyperkinetic behavior factorconsisted of 7 items. Each item was rated “none=0, a little=1, quite alot=2, and very much=3 ). Side effect scale was used to evaluate the hy perkinetic symptom and adverse reactions which consisted of behavior toxicity, abnormal laboratory tests , symptoms of the nervous system, au tonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system and skin etc with. 0=none; 1 =suspicious or very mild, 2=mild, 3 =moderate, 4=severe. The highestscore was 22,and the lowest was 0 with a score over 2 being positivefinding). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Hyperkinetic syndrom score and ad verse reaction score at the end of the 12 weeks treatment. RESULTS:All 60 children completed the study and their results wereentered into the data analysis① At the end of the 12th week treat ment, the total hyperkinetic index score and total behavior score in boththe olanzapine group and the methylphenidategroup were significantly lower than those before the treatment as shown in Table 1 (t=8.16-15.26, P ＜ 0.05-0.01 )]; The total hyperkinetic behavior score in the olanzap inegroup was significantly lower than that in the methylphenidategroup (t=2.69, P ＜ 0.05 ). ② The adverse reaction score of patients inthe olanzapine group and the methylphenidategroup was 10.3±4.5and 10.9±3.8 respectively ,with no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05)between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Olanzapine produced similar effect as methylphenidatein the treatment of the hyperkinetic symptoms and attention deficits with a better efficacy in treating the behavior disorder than methylphenidate.
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Induced-current electrical impedance tomography (ICEIT) is a newly hot research field in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) because of its advantages of contactless exciting. A preliminary ICEIT system with 3 excitation coils has been accomplished. It includes the constant current source (CCS), power amplifiers, excitation coils,physical phantom, measurement-mode setting circuit, signal measuring block, DAC and digital I/O card. The CCS is accomplished with Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technique. Its frequency is 46.875 KHz. Its output current is divided into 16 steps from 0.16 mA to 2.56 mA which can be set by computer. The three driving coils have the same diameter of 50 cm, each coil's inductance is 193.5 microH. The power amplifier can provide 800 mA driving current (f = 46.875 KHz) to the coil under +/- 25 V power supplying. The signal from measurement electrodes is switched to measurement channel which includes IA, BP filter and synchronized demodulator, then the analog signal is converted to digital signal by a 12b A/D Card and the data is acquired by DMA mode. Our experiments show that a distinguish change of signal from the surface electrodes can be acquired by the experimental system when different objects are placed in the physical phantom. And 3 x 31 signals for preliminary imaging have been acquired.