ABSTRACT
Objective@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of titrating dose of rivastigmine oral solution in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Taiwan. @*Methods@#We recruited 108 mild to moderate AD patients with RivastⓇ (rivastigmine oral solution 2 mg/ml) treatment for 52 weeks. We recorded the demographic characteristics, initial cognition by mini-mental state examination (MMSE), initial global status by clinical dementia rating (CDR) with CDR-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), initial dose, and titrating dose at each visit. We investigated the adherence, proportion of possible side effects, optimal dose, and time to optimal dose. We demonstrated the proportion of cognitive decline and its possible risk factors. @*Results@#During the course, 9 patients discontinued the rivastigmine oral solution due to poor compliance or preference. Twelve out of 99 patients (12.1%) reported possible side effects. Among 87 patients, the mean age was 77.2 ± 9.0 years ago with female predominant (65.2%). The optimal dose was 3.6 ± 1.4 ml in average and 4 ml (n = 31, 35.6%) in mode. The duration to optimal dose was 12.5 ± 10.2 weeks and 24 weeks (n = 35, 40.2%) in mode. It presented 25% with cognitive decline in MMSE, 27% with global function decline in CDR and 63% with global function decline in CDR-SB. @*Conclusion@#We demonstrated the clinical experience of rivastigmine oral solution in mild to moderate AD patients. It suggested rivastigmine oral solution 4ml is the optimal dose with 24 weeks to the optimal dose for at least one third of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of titrating dose of rivastigmine oral solution in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Taiwan. @*Methods@#We recruited 108 mild to moderate AD patients with RivastⓇ (rivastigmine oral solution 2 mg/ml) treatment for 52 weeks. We recorded the demographic characteristics, initial cognition by mini-mental state examination (MMSE), initial global status by clinical dementia rating (CDR) with CDR-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), initial dose, and titrating dose at each visit. We investigated the adherence, proportion of possible side effects, optimal dose, and time to optimal dose. We demonstrated the proportion of cognitive decline and its possible risk factors. @*Results@#During the course, 9 patients discontinued the rivastigmine oral solution due to poor compliance or preference. Twelve out of 99 patients (12.1%) reported possible side effects. Among 87 patients, the mean age was 77.2 ± 9.0 years ago with female predominant (65.2%). The optimal dose was 3.6 ± 1.4 ml in average and 4 ml (n = 31, 35.6%) in mode. The duration to optimal dose was 12.5 ± 10.2 weeks and 24 weeks (n = 35, 40.2%) in mode. It presented 25% with cognitive decline in MMSE, 27% with global function decline in CDR and 63% with global function decline in CDR-SB. @*Conclusion@#We demonstrated the clinical experience of rivastigmine oral solution in mild to moderate AD patients. It suggested rivastigmine oral solution 4ml is the optimal dose with 24 weeks to the optimal dose for at least one third of patients.
ABSTRACT
@#ObjectiveTo study the change of cerebral blood flow and hemorheology in patients with brain post-traumatic syndrome (PTS) and heavy cerebral trauma.Methods122 cases(A group) of PTS and 113 cases(B group) of heavy cerebral trauma were explored the anterior cerebral artery (ACA),middle cerebral artery (MCA),posterior cerebral artery (PCA),vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA) with transcranial Doppler (TCD). Their blood viscosity, plasm viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformed exponent were also measured.ResultsThe blood stream in most of patients with PTS manifested slowing especially in MCA,ACA,VA and BA at left. However,most of patients with heavy cerebral trauma manifested vasospasm. The blood and plasm viscosity of both groups obviously increased, but RBC deformed exponent decreased.ConclusionPatients with PTS suffered organic brain damage, mainly in levo-hemisphere.The patients with PTS or with heavy cerebral trauma present disorder in hemorheology.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relation of cerebral blood flow(CBF) and memory in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods:The cerebral blood flow of 30 patients with cerebral infarction and 20 healthy controls was measured. The WMS was used for memory function assessment. Results: CBF and memory performance in patients group were lower than those of controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between CBF and memory performances. Conclusion: The decreasing of CBF was an important causal factor to the memory dysfunction in cerebral infarction patients.