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Objective To identify the etiology of the first local dengue infection outbreak in Hubei Province in 2019, and to determine the serotype and genotype of the virus and trace its source. Methods Serum samples were collected from dengue fever cases in the acute phase. The IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)，and the serotype was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. C6/36 cells were used to isolate virus and obtain virus E gene and complete genome sequence for systematic evolution analysis to trace the possible source of infection. Results The pathogen of the outbreak was identified as dengue serotype I infection，and five virus strains were isolated. Sequence analysis showed that the virus belonged to genotype I of dengue I, and had the highest homology with the strain isolated in Guangzhou, 2019. Conclusion The first local dengue infection outbreak in Hubei Province in 2019 was caused by genotype I of the type I dengue virus.
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Objective To understand the pathogen composition and epidemic characteristics of viral diarrhea in Hubei province. Methods Stool samples of adults and children from sentinel monitoring of viral diarrhea in Hubei province from 2017 to 2019 were collected. Real-time RT-PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acids of rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. The detection results of the 5 pathogens were statistically analyzed. Results The total positive rate of 5 diarrheal viruses in 1 957 samples was 36.84%, and the number of cases of mixed infection accounted for 19.00%, among which rotavirus accounted for 9.50%, norovirus 13.29%, astrovirus 4.14%, adenovirus 14.10% and sapovirus 3.37%. In Hubei province, rotavirus and norovirus were still prevalent in autumn and winter. The epidemic seasons of adenovirus and astrovirus were similar, mainly occurring in April and May, while the infection rate of sapovirus was relatively high in November and January of the following year. The main infected population of the five diarrheal viruses was still children aged 5 years and younger, which was significantly higher than other age groups. Conclusion The main pathogens of viral diarrhea in Hubei from 2017 to 2019 are adenovirus, norovirus and rotavirus, and there are some mixed infections. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of major pathogens and take effective and scientific protection measures for high incidence seasons and key populations.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of group A rotavirus (RV) in children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Hubei province from 2018 to 2019, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of RV in key population. Methods A total of 922 fecal samples were collected from children aged 5 years and younger with diarrhea from 2018 to 2019 in sentinel hospitals of viral diarrhea surveillance in Hubei Province. Reverse transcription- Polymerase chain reactions were used for RV nucleic acid detection. VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified from RV positive samples, respectively. G and P genotypes were analyzed after sequence analysis. Results From 2018 to 2019, the positive rate of RV group A virus infection in children aged 5 years and under in Hubei province was 12.58%, and there was no significant difference between male and female infection (χ2=0.206, P>0.05).The positive rate of RV in group A was significantly different among different age groups (χ2=28.399, P<0.05). The main infected population was between 7 and 12 months and between 13 and 24 months. RV infection showed obvious seasonality, the prevalence appeared in December, and the prevalence peaked in January to March of the following year. Four G genotypes (G1, G2, G3 and G9) and two P genotypes (P[8] and P[4]) were found by G and P genotypes analysis of VP7 and VP4 genes of RV group A virus. There were 5 genotype combinations of G and P, the main genotype was G9P[8], followed by G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8] and G2P[8]. Conclusion The genotypes of group A RV virus in children with diarrhea in Hubei province from 2018 to 2019 are diverse, and the main type is G9P[8]. People aged between 6 months and 24 months are the key population for prevention and control of RV in children aged 5 years and younger with diarrhea. Strengthen the protection of key population and vaccinations are helpful for prevention and control of RV diarrhea infection.
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Objective:To extract the genes associated with prognosis from the differential expressed genes in gastric cancer tissues by using a large number of gastric cancer genome data in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database.Methods:Gene expression data of gastric adenocarcinoma were downloaded from TCGA database. After R language data preprocessing, edgeR was used to analyze the gene differential expression, and R language was used to identify the significant gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways in gene differential expression. Multivariate Cox stepwise regression analysis was used to predict the genes that affected survival. Genes obtained above were used for survival analysis online in Kaplan-Meier Plotter website (http: //Kaplan-Meier Plotter.com).Results:A total of 305 gastric cancer and 30 normal gastric tissues were retrieved in TCGA database, and 3 231 differential genes were screened out, including 2 005 up-regulated genes and 1 226 down-regulated genes. These genes were enriched in GO terms including antigen binding, serine hydrolase activity, receptor ligands activity, serine peptidase activity, serine type endopeptidase activity, glycosaminoglycans binding, cytokine activity, hormone activity, peptidase inhibitor activity, metallopeptidase activity and so on. The genes in KEGG pathway analysis were enriched in chemical carcinogen, neuractive receptor-ligand interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, protein digestion and absorption, staphylococcus aureus infection, retinol metabolism, drug metabolism P450, steroid hormone metabolism, pancreatic secretion and so on. Cox analysis showed that GPX3 and SERPINE1 had significant effect on the survival of gastric cancer patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the expressions of GPX3 and SERPINE1 had a certain predictive value for the survival time of gastric cancer patients, when the critical values of GPX3 and SERPINE1 were 0.46 and 0.68 respectively, the sensitivity was 60.35%, the specificity was 82.06%, and the area under the curve was 0.763 (95% CI: 0.828-0.936). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high expressions of GPX3 ( P<0.001) and SERPINE1 ( P=0.001) were significantly related to the poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion:The higher expression of SERPINE1 and GPX3 genes, the shorter survival time of gastric cancer patients. They may be the targets for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of episodic hypoxia(EHYP) on liver CYP3A2 and CYP2E1. METHODS: Healthy masculinity rats were divided randomly into five groups: control group, 3 -day EHYP group, 7 -day EHYP group, 14 -day EHYP group, and 28 -day EHYP group. 24 h after the management of EHYP, the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection, and the eyeball blood 2ml was drawn to prepare serum. The activities of ALT and AST in the serum were determined by enzymatic methods. The activities of liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase(ERD) and aniline hydroxylase(ANH) were detected by spectrophotography. The levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A2,CYP2E1 were assayed with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The serum activities of ALT,AST showed no remarkable change. However, after 7 days of hypoxia, ERD and ANH activities were remarkably elevated, and at 28 days induction rates reached up to155.5% and 42.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A2,CYP2E1 also increased by 220.5% and 102.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Chronic EHYP can remarkably increase the activities of ERD and ANH, whose mechanism is probably related to up-regulating of CYP3A2 and CYP2E1 expression at the transcriptive level.
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AIM: To explore the effects of homocysteine on the apoptosis in PC12 cells and the relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of the bcl-2 as well as bax gene. METHODS: Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by phase-contrast microscope, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of bcl-2 and bax mRNA was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Treatment of PC12 cells with Hcy plus 10 ?mol/L copper for 12 h, in the range of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mmol/L, caused a great decrease in cell viability: 81%, 79%, 69%, 57%, and induced typical morphological changes of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis ratios were respectively 8.00%, 10.37%, 17.26% and 20.19%, respectively. The expression of bcl-2 was significantly decreased (from 0.517 to 0.198) whereas bax was significantly increased (from 0.302 to 0.619). CONCLUSION: Homocysteine plus copper may induce apoptosis in PC12 cells through the down-regulation of bcl-2 and the up-regulation of bax gene expression.