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Objective:To explore the clinical pathological characteristics and initial 131I curative responses of familial differentiated thyroid cancer (FDTC) and sporadic differentiated thyroid cancer (SDTC). Methods:A total of 66 FDTC patients (19 males, 47 females, age (39.8±11.7) years) and 1 701 SDTC patients (442 males, 1 259 females, age (40.9±11.3) years) who underwent 131I therapy in Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 2010 and August 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical pathological characteristics, preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg), preablative stimulated thyroglobulin antibody (ps-TgAb) and response to initial therapy (excellent response, indeterminate response, biochemical incomplete response, structural incomplete response) of two groups were analyzed and compared. The clinical pathological parameters included age, gender, pathological type, tumour maximum diameter, bilateral, multifoci, nodules goiter, thyroiditis, thyroid membrane invasion, lymph node metastasis (LNM), invasion of the surrounding soft tissues, distant metastasis, TNM staging and American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification (low-risk, intermediate-risk, high-risk). χ2 test or Fisher exact test and independent-sample t test were used to compare the data between two groups. Results:Comparing with SDTC group, FDTC group showed higher proportion of bilateral foci (45.5%(30/66) vs 31.2%(530/1 701); χ2=5.999, P=0.010), thyroid membrane invasion (43.9%(29/66) vs 26.6%(452/1 701); χ2=9.672, P=0.002) and distant metastasis (15.2%(10/66) vs 6.2%(105/1 701); χ2=8.418, P=0.004). There was a statistical difference in risk stratification between two groups (high-risk: 18.2%(12/66) vs 9.2%(156/1 701); intermediate-risk: 68.2%(45/66) vs 72.7%(1 237/1 701); low-risk: 13.6%(9/66) vs 18.1%(308/1 701); χ2=6.898, P=0.030). But the tumor maximum diameter of FDTC group was smaller than that of SDTC group ((1.24±0.74) vs (1.50±0.92) cm; t=-2.275, P=0.020). There were no significant differences in other clinical pathological parameters between FDTC group and SDTC group ( t=-0.804, χ2 values: 0.101-5.359, all P>0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in the postoperation ps-Tg, ps-TgAb levels and the response to initial therapy after 131I treatment ( χ2 values: 0.059-1.915, all P>0.05). Conclusions:The FDTC group displays distinct characteristics as increased aggressiveness at diagnosis. But after accurately treatment, there is no significant difference in the response to therapy between two groups.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics on the time of sunshine exposure in Chinese primary and middle school students.Methods A total of 43 771 primary and middle school students were randomly selected from 12 provinces in China.A self-reported questionnaire was used to understand their time of sunshine exposure on weekdays and weekends as well as related family information and behaviors.x2 test was used to compare the hours of sunshine exposure among different groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors.Results Results from the current survey indicated that the average time of sunshine exposure on weekdays and weekends were 2.49 and 3.22 hours,respectively.On weekdays,proportions of students with time of sunshine exposure ≤2 h/d or ＞2 h/d were 60.81％ and 39.19％,respectively.On weekends,the proportions became 44.05％ and 55.95％,respectively.On weekdays,the time of sunshine exposure as ≤2 h/d was significantly different among factors as sex,urban or rural area,residential area,self-rating academic performance,type of housing or ways of commuting to school.On weekends,the time of sunshine exposure ≤2 h/d were significantly different among sex,residential areas,self-rating academic performance,type of housing and ways of commuting to school.Data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the limited sunshine exposure was significantly associated with factors as:type of primary schools,being girls,students living in the urban area or living in central or western areas,with normal or better academic performances,living in a fiat apartment and the time spent on watching video program ＞2 h/d both on weekdays and weekends.Conclusion The time of sunshine exposure seemed not enough among school students and significant differences were seen among different groups.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore the association between elevated light levels in classrooms and change in vision acuity among elementary and secondary students.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 4 elementary (grade 1-5) and secondary (grade 7-8) schools in urban and rural areas in Sujiatun, Shenyang, China were selected by cluster sampling as experimental schools, and lighting systems have been rebuilt to improve the ambient light levels in 56 classrooms in November 2012. The control schools were chosen for the comparable academic burden and adjacent location to experimental schools, 4 schools in all. Cluster sampling of all students in the selected schools as the subjects was carried out. A total of 2 092 students were chosen as experimental group and 1 595 students were in the control group. The luxmeter was used to measure illuminance of classrooms in two groups at baseline, and intervention for 1 month, respectively.Students in both groups were underwent 3 times for vision acuity examination by standard logarithmic visual acuity chart at baseline, intervention for 6 month and intervention for 1 year, respectively. The light levels of desk and blackboard in two groups were compared by Wilcoxon test. Multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures was performed to assess three vision acuity results between groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After intervention, the average illuminance of desk (117.5 vs 532.5 lx, Z = -5.38, P < 0.001) and blackboard (75.6 vs 423.5 lx, Z = -5.38, P < 0.001) and uniformity of desk (Z = -4.28, P < 0.001) with new lighting were improved significantly than that with old lighting, however the uniformity of blackboard was lower than baseline significantly (0.64 vs 0.70, Z = -2.34, P = 0.019). The average scores of vision acuity in students at baseline, intervention for 6 month and intervention for 1 year were 4.87 ± 0.23, 4.84 ± 0.25 and 4.85 ± 0.23 in experimental group, and 4.88 ± 0.22, 4.84 ± 0.25 and 4.81 ± 0.27 in control group, respectively. The significant differences between groups were found and F values were 1.41, 0.13, 19.99, P values were 0.235,0.724, <0.001. At last the average vision acuity in experimental group were significantly better than that in control group either among elementary (4.90 ± 0.20) vs (4.87 ± 0.21) score, F = 13.61, P < 0.001 or secondary students (4.73 ± 0.28) vs (4.68 ± 0.32) score, F = 14.25, P < 0.001.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Visual acuity loss could be decreased in students with elevated light levels which may slow the response to myopiagenic stimuli for eyes, therefore the ambient light levels of blackboard and desk in classroom should be improved.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Humans , China , Lighting , Schools , Students , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of major causes of childhood blindness.Early screening and treatment of ROP is necessary.Objective This study was to analyze the incidence of ROP in single and multiple premature infants and related factors.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Suzhou Municipal Hospital,and oral informed consent was obtained from the parents of the infants before any medical examinations.Five hundred and four fetus with the gestational age of ≤34 weeks or birth weight of ≤ 2 000 g were collected in Suzhou Municipal Hospital,of whom 357 infants were single fetus birth and 147 infants were multiple fetus,including 26 twins and 21 three fetus birth.The fundus were examined by RetCam Ⅱ equipment and ROP was determined based on the fundus findings and history of birth.ROP incidences between the single fetus and multiple fetus were compared,and the inducing factors were analyzed.Results Sixty-six infants were ROP in all 504 fetus,with the incidence of 13.10％.The incidence of ROP in the single fetal group was 10.92％ (39/357),which was significantly higher than 18.37％ (27/147) in the multifetal group (x2=5.069,P=0.024),and risk of ROP in the multifetal group was higher than that in the single fetal group (OR =1.835).The oxygen inhalation rate was 42.02％ (150/357) and the oxygen inhalation duration was 5.71 days in the single fetal group,and that in the multifetal group was 58.50％ (86/147) and 9.42 days,respectively.Conclusions Incidence and risk of ROP in the multifetal infants are higher than those in the single fetal infants,and low-birth-weight,less gestational weeks and excess oxygen inhalation are influence factors.