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Objective·To analyze changes in the type distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from burn wards and to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics, reduction of drug-resistant isolates, and hospital infection control. Methods·Isolates from burn patients were collected from January 2011 to December 2014. Statistical analysis of infection sources, type distribution, and changes in resistance rates of main pathogens during the four year period was performed. Results·A total of 2399 isolates were collected, including 1286 (53.61%) gram-negative bacilli (G-b), 1088 (45.35%) gram-positive cocci (G+c), and 25 (1.04%) fungi. The most common G-b pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (447, 34.76%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (369, 28.69%). The most common G+c pathogen and fungus were Staphylococcus aureus (489, 44.94%) and Candida albicans (8, 33.33%), respectively. In the last two years, the detection rates of S.aureus and A.baumannii were significantly lower and the detection rate of P.aeruginosa was significantly higher than those in the first two years (P80%) to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and quinolones, but the changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). S.aureus was only highly resistant to penicillin (97.58%) and was 100% susceptible to vancomycin. Its resistance rates toward cefazolin, ampicillin/sulbactam, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and rifampin decreased significantly (P<0.05). The detection rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) dropped from 72.28% to 63.00%. Conclusion·Many types of drug resistant bacteria were detected in burn wards. The drug resistance problem was serious. Improving management and rational use of antibiotics can reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria and increase the efficacy of clinical anti-infective treatment and nosocomial infection control.
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BACKGROUND:The aim of present study is to demonstrate that volatile oil of flos magnoliae biondii pamp(VOMbp) possess anti-immunology inflammatory property.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of VOMbp on adjuvant arthritis in rats.DESIGN:Grade sampling,randomized controlled quantitative analysis.SETTING:Teaching and Researching Department of Pharmacology,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS:This study was carried out at the Teaching and Researching Department of Pharmacology,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December to April in 1999. Totally 120 Wistar rats were involved.METHODS :Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups :model control group, 0.28 mL/kg and 0.14 mL/kg VOMbp group,and 25 mg/kg dex-amethasone group. Allergy were induced in all rats through intra-cutaneous injection of Freund's adjuvant (0.1 mL/rat)at metatarsus so as to establish multiple arthritis model in rat. According to different dosage,the experiments were carried out in three batches with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the first batch were given VOMbp three days before inducing allergy for consecutwe 3 days,in order to observe the influence of VOMbp on adjuvant induced acute non-specific inflammatory;Rats in the second batch were given VOMbp on the 8th day sensitization allergy for consecutive 7days so as to explore the protective effect on secondary pathological changes;rats in the third batch were administratedon the 19th day after sensitization for consecutive 7 days for study in therapeutic effect on sec ondary pathological changes. Meanwhile foot tumefaction and the level of prostaglandin E2in ankle arthritis were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effect of VOMbp on the adjuvant induced acute non-specific inflammatory. ② Preventive effect on adjuvant arthritis. ③ Therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis.RESULTS :① VOMbp could significantly suppress the primary foot tume faction. ②Moreover VOMbp of preventive dosage could most significantly suppress the secondary arthritis tumefaction [(0.231±0.065)mL of 0.28 mL/kg group and ( 0.206±0.082 ) mL of 0.14 mL/kg group] ,accompanied by PG-E2 decrement in tumefaction tissues [(0.133 2±0.057 2), (0.138 5 ±0.042 6)OD278nm correspondingly].③ No obvious effect of VOMbp of therapeutic dosage on secondary inflammatory tumefatcion of arthritis could be observed in 0.14 mL/kg group,but obvious decrement of prostaglandin E2 could be observed in edema tissue;While 0.28 mL/kg VOMbp exerted most significant or significant influence on above parameters. CONCLUSION:VOMbp possess inhibiting effect on Freund's adjuvant induced primary foot tumefaction and secondary arthritis,with the preventive effect better than therapeutic effects.The therapeutic effect was proved better in higher dosage group.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam in the management of burn infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three burn patients were enrolled in the study with burn sepsis or burn area more than 50%TBSA or full skin loss more than 30% TBSA. The administration regime of the antibiotics was 4.5 g intravenously administered every 8 hours in the treatment of burn sepsis or in the prophylactic management. The effectiveness was identified when the septic symptoms disappeared or focal infection did not develop into sepsis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall clinical efficacy was 90.4%, and success in sepsis (control) was 75%. Furthermore, 95.7% of the focal infection was prevented from developing into systemic infection. The bacterial clearance rates were 71.4% and 51.4% in treatment and prophylaxis groups, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Piperacillin/taxobactam was effective in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of burn sepsis caused by bacteria susceptible to it, so it could be applied empirically.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Burns , Drug Therapy , Infusions, Intravenous , Penicillanic Acid , Therapeutic Uses , Piperacillin , Therapeutic Uses , Sepsis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The atrio-ventricular valves of the normal heart of 100 Chinese adult cadavers were studied. The right atrio-ventricular (tricuspid) valve was found to be composed of four main cusps in 80% of the cases,three main cusps in 19%,and two main cusps in 1%.In certain cases,small additional intermediate cusps had been found.They were derived from the main cusps and situated in the angles between the medial and anterior wall, or between the medial and posterior wall of the right ventricle.These may be called “cuspi accessoria”.The anterior accessory cusp was present in 31% and the posterior accessory cusp in 27% of our preparations.If the total number of the main and acces- sory cusps of the right a—v valve was considered,four cusps occurred in 42%,five in 36%,three in 13%,six in 8% and two in 1%. The left atrio-ventricular (mitral) valve consisted of two main cusps.But frequent- ly there were conspicuous ruptures on the posterior cusp in our specimens,with the ex- ception of twelve cases (12%).Thus,the posterior cusp may be consisted of one greater leaflet and one to four smaller leaflets.Based on this character,the posterior cusp of the left a—v valve may be grouped into three types:(1)the middle portion of the posterior cusp was well developed in 48%;(2)the antero-lateral portion was well developed in 35%;and (3) the postero-medial portion was well developed in 17%. The anterior cusp of the left a—v valve separated into two equal parts had been found in one case (1%). The height of the cusps and of the commissural margins,where the neighboring cusps were joined,had been measured.Discussions have been made on the principles of the differentiation between the main cusp and the accessory cusp.