Analysis of vestibular function in patients with sudden deafness / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To analyze the damage range and objective evaluate the vestibular function impairment in patients with sudden deafness at the same time of cochlea damage. To explore the difference of vestibular function damage in patients with sudden deafness with different hearing loss curve types. METHODS Sixty patients with unilateral sudden deafness and vertigo who were hospitalized in our department from August 2016 to August 2018 were selected as experimental group. There were 11 cases of low frequency descending type, 15 cases of flat descending type, 18 cases of high frequency descending type and 16 cases of total deafness type. Sixty healthy volunteer as control group. Two groups of patients underwent caloric test, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential(oVEMP), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential(cVEMP) and video head impulse test(vHIT). RESULTS The abnormal positive rate of caloric test, oVEMP and cVEMP in the control group was 10.3％, 26.7％, 16.7％ respectively. The abnormal positive rate of caloric test, oVEMP and cVEMP in the experimental group was 68.3％, 60.3％, 43.7％ respectively. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant. The abnormal positive rate of vHIT in the control group was 13.3％. The abnormal positive rate of vHIT in the experimental group was 51.6％. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant. The positive rate of vestibular dysfunction in patients with total deafness and ascending type was higher than that of flat type and descending type, but there was no significant difference between f lat type and descending type. CONCLUSION Patients with sudden deafness may be accompanied by impaired cochlea and vestibular function in different ranges. The vestibular function of patients with sudden deafness can be evaluated effectively by combined caloric test, oVemp, cVEMP and vHIT. The incidence of vestibular dysfunction in patients with total deafness and ascending sudden deafness was higher than that of flat type and descending type. And there was no significant difference in the incidence of vestibular function injury between flat type and descending type patients.

STAT signaling pathway mediates high glucose induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition in vitro / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the signal transducers and activator of transcriptions (STATs) protein expression changes and investigate the functional role of STATs pathway in case of high glucose-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation and collagen deposition in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from 1- to 3-day-old SD rats, cells from the second to fourth passages were used for the experiment. CFs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, supplemented with 5.5 mmol/L glucose (NG), 5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 19.4 mmol/L mannose (OC) or 25 mmol/L glucose (HG) in the presence of absence of STAT1 inhibitor (fludarabine, FLU) and STAT3 inhibitor (S3I-201). After 24 h and 48 h culture in vitro, the proliferation of CFs was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After 12 h and 24 h culture in vitro, the production of type I and III collagen was evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA. After 0, 30, 60 and 120 min culture in vitro, the phosphorylated expression of STAT1 and STAT3 was analyzed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CFs proliferation was significantly enhanced post 24 h and 48 h HG stimulation, and procollagen I and III mRNA expression was significantly upregulated post 12 h and 24 h HG stimulation. Deposition of collagen I and III was also significantly increased post 24 h and 72 h HG stimulation. STAT1 phosphorylation in CFs was increased after 120 min HG stimulation and STAT3 phosphorylation in CFs was increased post 60 min and 120 min HG stimulation. FLU and S3I-201 could inhibit HG-induced CFs proliferation and suppress of which was stimulated by FLU and S3I-201 could both suppress upregulated procollagen I and III mRNA expression and the deposition of collagen types I and III post HG stimulation. STAT1 phosphorylation inhibition resulted in less mRNA downregulation of procollagen type III than that of procollagen type I post 12 h HG stimulation. The STAT3 phosphorylation inhibition resulted in more significantly upregulated procollagen type III mRNA expression than procollagen type I mRNA expression at 12 h post HG stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HG could enhance the protein expression of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3 in CFs, which are responsible for HG-induced increased CFs proliferation and collagen deposition in vitro.</p>

Free radial forearm flap for reconstruction of head and neck soft tissue defects after tumor resection / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of the free radial forearm flap on repairing tissue defects and reconstructing functions after tumor resection.
@*METHODS@#From January, 2003 to December, 2011, 70 patients, including 43 squamous cell carcinomas of tongue, 12 buccal cancers, 5 carcinomas of the soft palate, 4 basal cell carcinomas of external nose, 3 lower lip cancers, 2 upper lip cancers, and 1 posterior wall of hypopharynx carcinoma, with the soft tissue defects in the head and neck underwent reconstructive operations with the free radial forearm flap after the malignant tumor resection. The area of defects ranged from 5 cm × 4 cm to 14 cm × 8 cm with the process of diseases from 4 to 30 months. The technique for grafting the free radial forearm flap and the appearance at sites of the donor and recipient, and the influence on the anatomy and function in both local sites were analyzed.
@*RESULTS@#In the 70 patients, only 1 case of flap appeared necrosis due to venous reflux obstacle, and the remaining (98.4 ﹪) survived. During the follow-up for 12-36 months, one case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma died from distant metastasis a year later, 2 cases of tongue cancer died of cardiovascular accident. Morphology and function for the sites at donor and recipient were satisfactory.
@*CONCLUSION@#Free radical forearm flap is a good choice for the repair and functional reconstruction for tissue defects after tumor resection.

Bacterial culture analysis for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the distribution of bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and to compare the bacteriologic features in middle meatus specimens between patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and patients without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). 
@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the positive rate and types of bacterial culture in middle meatus specimens from 40 controls, 65 patients with CRSwNP, and 72 patients of CRSsNP. The specimens from the middle meatus were obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery.
@*RESULTS@#The positive rates of bacteria for CRSwNP, CRSsNP and the controls 81.9%, 80.0% and 82.5%, respectively, with no significant difference among the 3 groups. The common aerobe bacteria found in the specimens was Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium. The common anaerobe was Fusobacterium. The positive rates for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria showed no significant differences among the 3 groups.
@*CONCLUSION@#The distribution of bacteria in middle meatus specimens is not significantly different among CRSwNP, CRSsNP and the controls. Therefore, bacterial infection may not play a key role in the pathogenesis of CRS patients with and without nasal polyos.

Approach to the patient with parathyroid adenoma combined with asymptomatic pheochromocytoma / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in a patient with parathyroid crisis as the main symptoms of parathyroid adenoma and asymptomatic pheochromocytoma.This analysis was aimed to implement specific diagnosis and treatment and to accumulate experience in managing these diseases.

Appoach to the patient with parathyroid adenoma and primary biliary cirrhosis;diagnosis and treatment / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

In patient with primary biliary cirrhosis,the metabolism of calcium and vitamin D could be affected and osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism might occurr.Besides,hypoalbuminemia may mask the real level of serum calcium and thus lead to misdiagnosis of coexisting parathyroid adenoma.Therefore,a rare case of parathyroid adenoma associated with primary biliary cirrhosis was herewith presented to call attention to the effect of hypoalbuminemia on serum calcium.