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Objective To analyze the application rules of Jiaotong Xinshentreating principle in modern clinic based on TCM inheritance auxiliary platform.MethodsJiaotong Xinshen treating principle related prescriptions in CNKI and Wanfang databases were analyzed.“Jiaotong Xinshen”and “Xinshen Bujiao” were set as key words to retrieve relevant prescriptions in the databases. TCM inheritance auxiliary platform (V2.5) software was used to establish database. Data mining methods, such as frequency statistics and association rules were used to analyze new prescriptions aboutJiaotong Xinshen treating principle guided medication rules.ResultsTotally186 prescriptions were collected and analyzed. Medicine frequency and association rules among medicines in the prescriptions were confirmed. 12 medical combinations and 6 new prescriptions were mined.ConclusionThe data management platform and data mining methods can be applied in discovering the prescription patterns and medications rules ofJiaotong Xinshen treating principle in clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the capability and limitation of magnetic resonance image(MRI)for Lumbar zygapophyseal joint cartilage through comparing pig lumbar zygapophyseal joint cartilage acquired from multiple MRI sequences of a 1.5 Tesla MR and gross specimens.@*METHODS@#Six fresh lumbar spines from adult pigs were sagittaly scanned by Siemens 1.5 Tesla MR. The scan sequences included fast spin echo T1-weighted imaging (FSE T1WI), fast spin echo T2-weighted imaging (FSE T2 weighted T2WI), fat saturation proton density-weighted imaging (FS PDWI), 3-dimensional fast low angle shot imaging (3D-FLASH), and water excitation 3-dimensional fast low angle shot imaging (WE 3D-FLASH). Each scan sequence acquired images from the same layer. The signal-noise ratio (SNR) for articular cartilage, contrast-noise ratio (CNR) for cartilage versus bone cortex, cartilage versus bone marrow, and cartilage versus saline were calculated. Right after the scanning, the lumbar spines were snap-frozen, incised sagittally along the midline lumbar zypapophyseal joints, and photographed to compare the gross specimens with corresponding MRIs. The thickness of sagittal midline center of 6 pairs of lumbar(L₃/L₄) zypapophyseal joint cartilage was measured by vernier caliper. The thickness of the back ventral articular cartilage was added and then compared with corresponding MR images.@*RESULTS@#3D-FLASH (FA 20°) and WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequences had significant advantages compared with other sequences in imaging lumbar zypapophyseal joint cartilage, and were mostly close to the real thickness.(1) Comparison of the 4 flip angle (FA 10°, FA 20°, FA 30°, and FA 40°) 3D-FLASH sequences:The highest cartilage SNR and best CNR of cartilage versus bone cortex were both found in the 3D-FLASH(FA 20°) sequence, which was significantly different from the other three 3D-FLASH sequences.The satisfactory CNR of cartilage versus bone marrow, cartilage versus saline were found more in the 3D-FLASH(FA 20°) sequence. (2) Comparison of the 4 flip angle(FA 10°, FA 20°, FA 30°, and FA 40°) WE 3D-FLASH sequences: the highest cartilage SNR,best CNR of cartilage versus bone cortex,and best CNR of cartilage versus bone marrow were found in the WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence, which was significantly different from the other three 3D-FLASH sequences. The CNR of cartilage versus saline was found more satisfactory in the WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence. (3) The highest cartilage SNR and best CNR of cartilage versus bone cortex were both found in the 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence, which was significantly different from those in the PDWI, FSE T1WI,and FSE T2WI sequences (P0.05) in the WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence. The highest CNR of cartilage versus bone marrow was seen in WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence. It was statistically significant compared with that in FS PDWI,FSE T1WI, and T2WI sequences respectively, but the difference was not significant compared with 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence (P>0.05). Both the FS PDWI and T2WI sequences displayed ideal CNR of cartilage versus saline, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The lower SNR of cartilage versus saline was shown in 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) and WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequence, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). However, they were significantly different compared with FS PDWI and T2WI sequences (P<0.05). (4) WE 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) and 3D-FLASH (FA 20°) sequences were relatively better than the FS PDWI when comparing the thickness of articular cartilage, which was significantly different from the FS PDWI sequence (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The 3D-FLASH sequence and derived WE 3D-FLASH sequence have better definition of cartilage images and are mostly close to the real thickness, which possibly are the optimal scanning sequences for lumbar zypapophyseal joint articular cartilage MR imaging.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cartilage, Articular , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Lumbar Vertebrae , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Swine , Zygapophyseal JointABSTRACT
In order to promote the optional subjects' function in perfecting knowledge structure and developing students'personalities,through analyses of the results of 830 classmates' selection of optional subjects,we know in detail the contents,objective and the factors for which students hope to increase and select optional subjects.Thus suggestions for enhancing the construction and management of optional subjects have been put forward: transforming conception,nailing down the study purpose,increasing optional subjects and establishing the leading teachers' system of optional subjects.