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There are two modes to display panoramic movies in virtual reality (VR) environment: non-stereoscopic mode (2D) and stereoscopic mode (3D). It has not been fully studied whether there are differences in the activation effect between these two continuous display modes on emotional arousal and what characteristics of the related neural activity are. In this paper, we designed a cognitive psychology experiment in order to compare the effects of VR-2D and VR-3D on emotional arousal by analyzing synchronously collected scalp electroencephalogram signals. We used support vector machine (SVM) to verify the neurophysiological differences between the two modes in VR environment. The results showed that compared with VR-2D films, VR-3D films evoked significantly higher electroencephalogram (EEG) power (mainly reflected in α and β activities). The significantly improved β wave power in VR-3D mode showed that 3D vision brought more intense cortical activity, which might lead to higher arousal. At the same time, the more intense α activity in the occipital region of the brain also suggested that VR-3D films might cause higher visual fatigue. By the means of neurocinematics, this paper demonstrates that EEG activity can well reflect the effects of different vision modes on the characteristics of the viewers' neural activities. The current study provides theoretical support not only for the future exploration of the image language under the VR perspective, but for future VR film shooting methods and human emotion research.
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Humans , Arousal , Electroencephalography , Emotions/physiology , Motion Pictures , Virtual RealityABSTRACT
【Objective】 To explore the application of multi-mode electrophysiological monitoring technology in cervical spine surgery. 【Methods】 We retrospectively collected data of patients who received cervical spine surgery in Department of Neurosurgery of our hospital in January 2018 to December 2019. All patients were guided by the bispectral index (BIS) to control the depth of anesthesia. High cervical spine lesions were treated with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP)and electromyography (EMG) monitoring. We selected SEP, MEP and EMG combined monitoring for low cervical nerve and spinal cord injury, recorded and summarized the abnormalities of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, surgical efficacy and complications at the time of discharge and 6 months after surgery. 【Results】 The intraoperative BIS parameters of 112 patients were 45-60, the MEP amplitude decreased in 9 cases (8.0%), the SEP amplitude decreased in 4 cases (3.6%), the EMG amplitude was abnormal in 5 cases (4.5%), and the BAEP amplitude decreased in 4 cases (3.6%); no operation was terminated due to significant abnormalities in monitoring. Compared with 44 cases (39.3%) before operation, 112 patients had little change in SEP and MEP amplitudes, 35 cases (31.3%) had a slight increase in SEP amplitude, 2 cases (1.8%) had a slight decrease, 24 cases (21.4%) had slightly increased MEP amplitude, while 7 cases (6.3%) had slightly decreased one. There were no new neurological disorders at the time of postoperative discharge and 6 months after surgery. 【Conclusion】 Multi-mode electrophysiological monitoring shows the recovery of damaged nerve electrophysiological activity immediately after the operation, which provides an objective basis for the recovery of nerve function, and can effectively prevent and reduce iatrogenic spinal cord and nerve function damage, and improve the efficacy of surgery.
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【Objective】 To explore the application of multi-mode electrophysiological monitoring technology in highly selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) of patients with spastic cerebral palsy. 【Methods】 We retrospectively collected data on patients with systolic cerebral palsy who underwent SPR in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Bispectral index (BIS), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and electromyography during surgery of all the patients were measured. We used EMG to monitor the depth of the anus, spinal cord function, and the stimulation response of multiple muscle groups, and recorded and summarized abnormal intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, surgical treatment and complications during displacement and discharge, and relief and exercise functional recovery six months after the surgery. 【Results】 The intraoperative BIS parameters of 18 patients were 60-75, the EMG amplitude was abnormal in 1 case (5.6%), and the SEP amplitude decreased in 1 case (5.6%). The preoperative muscle tension of both lower extremities was 3.6 on average, and the postoperative muscle tension was 1.4, with a decrease by 2.2 grades. There were 16 cases (88.9%) in long-term follow-up, among which 12 cases (75%) had complete relief of spasm, 4 cases (25%) had significant improvement, gait function improvement rate was 100%, and no complications occurred. 【Conclusion】 Multi-mode electrophysiological monitoring technology is an effective method for SPR to increase the success rate of surgery. It can increase the accuracy of the ratio of posterior root resection of spinal nerves, reduce the risk of spinal cord damage, and improve the poor prognosis.
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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are important immunoactive components found in breast milk. Scientific research proves that HMOs are significantly beneficial for infant health. 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the major component of HMO, which obtained growing attentions from food industry. Besides, 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) is another important fucosyllactose and it has a similar synthetic route comparing to 2'-FL. Thus, research of the two HMO components has interactive effects for each other. Recently, numerous publications are available for 2'-FL and 3-FL. The microbial cell factory is able to massively produce fucosyllactose via an efficient way, which will show considerable influences in dairy industry. In this paper, we review recent studies on 2'-FL and 3-FL, and discuss their prospects according to published literature and patents.
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Female , Humans , Infant , Milk, Human , Oligosaccharides , TrisaccharidesABSTRACT
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the learning and life of children.So far,its pathogenesis remains unclear and its treatment effect is limited.As an important means of non-pharmacological treatment,neuromodulation technology has some curative effects on TS.This article describes the progress in neuromodulation therapy of TS,so as to facilitate the development of new technologies for the treatment of such patients.
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Tourette′s syndrome (TS) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the learning and life of children. So far, its pathogenesis remains unclear and its treatment effect is limited. As an important means of non-pharmacological treatment, neuromodulation technology has some curative effects on TS. This article describes the progress in neuromodulation therapy of TS, so as to facilitate the development of new technologies for the treatment of such patients.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for differentiation of malignant from benign focal thyroid incidentaloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 99 patients with focal thyroid incidentaloma of 5216 non-thyroid cancer patients that had undergone PET/CT. PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters, volume-based functional parameters, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of thyroid incidentaloma were assessed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted and areas under the curve (AUC) were compared by Hanley and McNeil test to evaluate usefulness of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), MTV and TLG, as markers for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid incidentalomas. RESULTS: Of 99 thyroid incidentalomas, 64 (64.6%) were malignant and 35 (35.4%) were benign. Malignant thyroid incidentalomas were larger (1.8 cm vs. 1.3 cm, p = 0.006), and had higher SUVmax (11.3 vs. 4.8, p 0.05). A threshold TLG 4.0 of 2.475 had 81.3% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity for identifying malignant thyroid incidentalomas. CONCLUSION: Volume-based PET/CT parameters could potentially have clinical value in differential diagnosis of thyroid incidentaloma along with SUVmax.
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Humans , Area Under Curve , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrons , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Glycolysis , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Neoplasms , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of panax quinquefolium 20s-protopanaxtriolsaponins ( PQTS) on the inflammatory reac-tion after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham , the model, PQTS treatment groups respectively at dose of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg· kg-1 and the positive control group (flunarizine hydrochloride injec-tions, FHI, 2.0 mg· kg-1).All the rats were with intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 consecutive days.The rats were subjected to 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24-hour reperfusion.The neurological function was scored and the infarct volume was measured after the 24-hour reperfusion.Brain edema was measured by the dry-wet weight.Myeloperox-idase ( MPO) activity was determined by a spectrophotometer .The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated by the Evans blue content in brain determined by a spectrophotometer .The mRNA levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis fac-tor-α( TNF-α) were evaluated by QPCR test .Moreover , the expression of NF-κBp65 was analyzed using Western blotting .Results:Compared with the model group , PQTS and FHI treatment groups (12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg· kg-1 ) and FHI group could improve the neurological function , decrease the infarct size , reduce the brain water content , inhibit the MPO activity and reduce the permeability of blood brain barrier.In addition, PQTS and FHI treatment groups (12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg· kg-1 ) also effectively inhibited the in-crease in the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduced the protein expression of NF-κBp65 when compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:The results indicated that PQTS and FHI can significantly protect brain against cerebral is-chemia/reperfusion injury in rats by anti-inflammatory actions.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for clinical use of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs as is reasonable,effective and economical. METHODS:By retrospective investigation and analysis,the utilization of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs in the oncology department of our hospital during 2010 and 2013 was analyzed statistically in respect of the type,dosage form,consumption amount,DDDs,DDC,DUI etc. RESULTS:The anti-tumor adjuvant drugs in our hospital were dominated by injections,especial-ly domestic drugs,the consumption amount of which accounted for 80% of the total consumption amount of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs each year. The anti-tumor adjuvant drugs were mainly used for symptomatic treatment of various adverse reactions. Drug syn-chronization was relatively good each year,however,excessive use of individual drugs existed. CONCLUSIONS:Anti-tumor adju-vant drugs have relatively better synchronism in the drugs quantities and medication number. However,individual drugs have exces-sive use and other irrational use.
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Lurasidone is a new atypical antipsychotic drug, it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) for treatment of schizophrenia on october 28,2010.The article is to provide an review about pharmacological effects, clinical applications, pharmacokinetics, dosage, drug interactions, adverse reactions of Lurasidone.
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Objective To investigate the effect of clearing away heat and activating blood decoctions on salivary gland function of patients with Sj?gren's Syndromes (SS). Methods 24 cases of SS (SS group) and 7 cases of normal control (normal group) were tested with salivary gland scintigraphy using 99mTCO4-, and 11 cases of patients were re-tested after treatment. Results The introjection fraction (IF) of salivary gland had no statistical difference between the two groups, while the evacuation fraction (EF) was lower in SS group than in normal group (P
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Correct diagnosis is very important to patients with suspected lung cancer. According to the higher ¹⁸F-FDG intake of tumor tissues much more than normal tissues, this study evaluates the clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG dual-head coincidence SPECT/CT in diagnosis of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one patients with lung mass underwent ¹⁸F-FDG dual-head coincidence SPECT/CT imaging and thoracic CT imaging before operation. These imageological results were compared with histological examination of lung mass.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-SPECT/CT in differentiating malignant and benign lesions were 82%, 87%, 84%, respectively. Compared with thoracic CT imaging, diagnostic rate of mediastinal lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher by ¹⁸F-FDG-SPECT/CT (52% vs 81%, P < 0.05) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combined functional-anatomical image of ¹⁸F-FDG-SPECT/CT has potential to improve staging and localizing procedures of lung cancer. It is an excellent modality in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung cancer.</p>
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Background and Purpose:dPET/CT is very expensive,so although the accuracy of hPET/CT is less than dPET/CT,it is better than CT,and is useful for guiding the tumor staging before operation.This paper is evaluate the role of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) hPET/CT in primary carcinoma of gastric cardia detection.Methods:26 patients with histologically proven primary carcinoma of gastric cardia underwent whole body hPET/CT imaging.Visual and semiquantitative analysis and standardized uptake value(SUV) were used to analyze the images.The results of hPET/CT study were compared with those of CT.Results:1.The sensitivity of hPET/CT in primary carcinoma of gastric cardia detection was 92.3%(24/26);two cases of signet ring cell carcinoma gave false negative results,and the primary lesions were small(