ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Ferric carboxymaltose injection in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult Chinese patients. METHODS From the perspective of China’s health system， the partitioned survival model was constructed to simulate the treatment process and outcome of patients with iron deficiency anemia using ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose based on the ferric carboxymaltose phase Ⅲ clinical trial in China （NCT03591406）. The study period was 1 year. Total costs and quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） were calculated for both treatment regimens， and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Scenario analysis was performed with different assumptions for efficacy parameters between 9th week and the end of 1 year， and from the perspective of China’s health system and the entire society. The sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS In the basic analysis， compared with iron sucrose， incremental effectiveness of ferric carboxymaltose therapy was 0.007 QALYs， with an additional savings of 1 038 yuan per patient. Ferric carboxymaltose therapy was more effective and less costly， presenting an absolute advantage. The results of the scenario analysis and single-factor sensitivity analysis were consistent with the basic analysis. Probability sensitivity analysis showed that when the willingness-to-pay threshold was 1， 2， 3 times gross domestic product per capita in 2022， the probability of ferric carboxymaltose with a cost- effectiveness advantage was 88.2%，94.5% and 97.6%，respectively. CONCLUSIONS For Chinese adults with iron deficiency anemia， ferric carboxymaltose is a cost-effective treatment for iron deficiency anemia， compared with iron sucrose.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:With the increasing of aging, the incidence and mortality of osteoporotic hip fracture wil rise. It is of great significance to study the pathogenesis and preventing method. At present, finite element analysis can be used to judge fracture, only for the distribution trend of fracture failure in the starting point or section view, but it cannot completely reflect actual situation of fracture. OBJECTIVE:To build the fracture model of the femoral neck fracture caused by fal ing-induced external force based on the finite element analysis LS-DYNA software, and to evaluate the effect of rupture. METHODS:CT image data of one case of elderly femoral neck fracture were col ected. Using Mimics software, region growth of the contralateral area, cavity fil ing, editing, rebuilding the contralateral proximal femur model were conducted. Data were imported in Hypermesh and LS-DYNA software for meshing, and defining material properties. The failure parameters and interfacial properties were set. The load and force boundary constraints simulating the fal ing were simulated. The model of femoral neck fracture was calculated. Rupture effect was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The validity of contralateral proximal femur three-dimensional model was verified. Based on the finite element analysis software LS-DYNA, the femoral neck fracture model matched the actual fracture line to a degree of close to 83%. (2) Above results confirmed that based on the finite element analysis, LS-DYNA software can wel simulate the femoral neck fracture, which provides experimental basis to the exploration of femoral neck fracture classification mechanism caused by different fal ing-induced external forces.
ABSTRACT
In post-marketing study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pharmacoeconomic evaluation has an important applied significance. However, the economic literatures of TCM have been unable to fully and accurately reflect the unique overall outcomes of treatment with TCM. For the special nature of TCM itself, we recommend that Markov model could be introduced into post-marketing pharmacoeconomic evaluation of TCM, and also explore the feasibility of model application. Markov model can extrapolate the study time horizon, suit with effectiveness indicators of TCM, and provide measurable comprehensive outcome. In addition, Markov model can promote the development of TCM quality of life scale and the methodology of post-marketing pharmacoeconomic evaluation.
Subject(s)
Economics, Pharmaceutical , Markov Chains , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Economics , Product Surveillance, PostmarketingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To recommend the development strategies for small and medium-size pharmaceutical commercial enterprises. METHODS: We analyzed the development and change of the macro-policies and industrial surroundings and discussed different strategies available for small and medium-size pharmaceutical commercial enterprises. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Among those suitable strategies, which include scale enlargement, service differentiation, and countryside & community market expansion etc, small and medium enterprises should choose different kinds of strategies according to their special characteristics. Meanwhile they should incessantly enhance their real strength and spare no effort to cultivate their own competitive advantage to seek survival and development.