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The current mainstream training models for vascular suturing in microsurgery include the invitro chicken wings, legs, and experimental mouse in vivo. With the development of super-microsurgery, it needs to complete super-microsurgery training in a vessel less than 0.8 mm, especially less than 0.3 mm. These training models gradually don't meet the needs. The perfusion specimens of in vitro vessels have several limitations, while vessel models in vivo are faced with the problems of difficulty in obtaining and high logistical support. Vessel model used chickabiddy in vivo is expected to establish a relatively economical, low-risk, high-efficiency, training repeatable and good for scientific research training model in super-microsurgery. Its vessel branches can meet the requirements for vessel diameter less than 0.8 mm. It can be used in continuous training by clinicians and can also meet the pathophysiology and hemodynamic research needs in super-microsurgery field. However, it is necessary to establish a stable vessel model and its evaluated system, as well as an intraoperative anesthesia method for the chickabiddy vessel in vivo model.
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Objective: To evaluate the potential clinical value of standardized procedures of fine lymph node sorting from gastric can-cer samples after curative resection. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2017, 727 gastric cancer patients who under- went R0 resection in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retrospectively included and assigned to either the fine lymph node sorting group or regional lymph node sorting group in accordance with the lymph node sorting methods from the tumor samples of all patients. Both the numbers of examined lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes were compared between the two groups. Additionally, correlation analyses were performed between the numbers of examined lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age, or tumor size between the two groups (P>0.05), indi-cating that there was comparability between the two groups. The number of examined lymph nodes in the fine lymph node sorting group was significantly higher than that in the regional lymph node sorting group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the number of examined lymph nodes in the fine lymph node sorting group was much higher than that in the regional lymph node sorting group with the same pT, pN, or pTNM stage (P<0.001). The number of metastatic lymph nodes in the fine lymph node sorting group was significantly higher than that in the regional lymph node sorting group (P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the numbers of ex-amined lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in both groups (fine lymph node sorting group r=0.181, P=0.023; regional lymph node sorting group r=0.227, P<0.001). Additionally, the correlation coefficient between the numbers of examined lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in the fine lymph node sorting group was weaker than that in the regional lymph node sorting group. Conclu-sions: The standard procedures of fine lymph node sorting from tumor samples of gastric cancer may increase the number of exam-ined lymph nodes, accurately provide the postoperative pN stage, reduce the stage migration, and should be applied in clinical stan-dardization.
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Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a kind of gram-negative bacillus parasitizing in human gastric mucosal tissue,which coevolved with human body.HP is one of the most genetically diverse bacterial species,which is mainly attributed to its high mutation and recombination rate.After tens of thousands of years of historical evolution,HP experienced numerous genetic polymorphisms and adaptive evolution in order to maintain a relatively stable colonization relationship with human hosts,making it became one of the species with the largest genome variation among prokaryotes.With such a long history with human beings,HP can be used as reference information for human migration in a sense.With the development of biological information technology,multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) technology plays a great role in the study of the evolution of bacterial strains.It has the characteristics of high repeatability and resolution,and the analysis results can be compared between different countries and laboratories.This paper mainly reviews the research and application progress of MLST technology in the genetic evolution of HP.
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Objective To investigate the synergic ratio of sorafenib (SO) and sulforaphane (SF) against the hepatocellu‐lar carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro .Methods The synergic effect of SO combined with SF against HepG2 cells was deter‐mined by the CCK8 assay (the synergic effect was determined by combination index (CI) value:CI>1 .1 ,antagonistic;0 .9<CI<1 .1 ,additive;CI<0 .9 ,synergic) .The effectiveness of the synergic effect of the synergic ratio was confirmed by the An‐nexinV‐FITC apoptosis experiment and colony formation assay .Results The CCK‐8 assay showed that SO combined with SF at the molar rate of 1∶1 ,1∶10 and 1∶20 exhibited strong antagonism (CI>1 .1) ,whereas 20∶1 ,5∶1 and 1∶5 ratio resul‐ted in synergistic activity (CI<0 .9) .Furthermore ,10∶1 ratio acted as an additive effective (0 .9<CI<1 .1) .The number of colony formation (14 .66 2 .08) of the group treated with SO combined with SF at 5∶1 synergistic ratio was significantly lower than that of the group treated with after SO combined with SF at 1∶1 antagonistic ratio (31 .33 4 .16) (P<0.01) .The early and late apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells (21 .71 ± 6 .06) of the group treated with SO combined with SF at 5∶1 synergistic ratio was significantly higher than that of the group treated with SO combined with SF at 1∶1 antagonistic ratio(6 .64 ± 0 .311)(P<0.01) .Conclusion SO combined with SF at the molar rate of 5∶1 can synergistically inhibit the growth of hepatocellular car‐cinoma cell line HepG2 in v itro .
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Objective To prepare and characterize salinomycin sodium‐loaded nano liposomes(SLN) .Methods The nano liposomes were prepared by a thin‐film dispersion method .The formula of SLN was optimized by regulating the cholesterol ratio of the nano liposomes ,using the encapsulation efficacy (EE) of SLN as the primary outcome measure .Results Transmission e‐lectron microscope (TEM) showed that SLN was round and had a good dispersion .Dynamic laser scatter (DLS) showed that SLN was of a desired size of 99 nm ,and zeta potential of -33 .5 mV .EE of SLN was 85 .7% and drug loading of 6 .7% .Ac‐cording to the formulation of nano liposomes ,the concentration of salinomycin sodium in water was greatly improved by 15 folds .Additionally ,the nano liposomes were observed to exhibit sustained release characteristics .Conclusion Salinomycin sodi‐um‐loaded nanoliposomes of a desired size of about 100 nm were obtained ,which were well dispersion ,and high EE and drug loading .Solid pharmaceutics foundation for the activity examination of SLN was provided in this research .
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Objective To investigate the mechanisms of metformin in inducing autophagy of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells.Methods Human gastric cancer MNK-45 cells in logarithmic growth phase were incubated in the culture plates,and were divided into the intervention group [gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were intervened by metformin at different concentrations (2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L) for 24,48,72 hours] and the control group (gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were cultured in the DMEM medium).The inhibition rate of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells was detected by MTT method.The IC50 value of metformin on gastric cancer MNK-45 cells was 17 mmol/L.Gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were intervened by metforrnin at 17 mmol/L for 48 hours in the experimental group.Gastric cancer MNK-45 cells in the control group were cultured in DMEM medium at 17 mmol/L for 48 hours.The apoptosis of the gastric cancer MNK-45 cells of the 2 groups were detected by flow cytometry.The mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 of the 2 groups were detected by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of type Ⅰ LC3b,type Ⅱ LC3b,beclinl,AKT,p-AKT,mTOR,p-mTOR,P70s6k,p-P70s6k of the 2 groups were detected by Western blot.The measurement data were presented as (x) s,and were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA or repeated measures ANOVA.Data of the 2 groups were compared using the t test.Results The inhibition rates of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were 3.0％ ± 1.1％,8.6％ ± 1.7％,15.9％ ± 1.6％,26.1％ ± 3.4％,37.5％ ± 2.3％,49.7％± 3.6％ after intervention by metformin at concentrations of 2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L for 24 hours,5.2％± 1.9％,10.4％±2.1％,26.9％± 1.6％,49.5％± 1.6％,59.1％±2.0％,82.1％±2.2％ after intervention by metformin at concentrations of 2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L for 48 hours,and 9.5％ ± 2.2％,17.6％ ± 1.4％,30.6％ ± 2.6％,63.2％ ± 2.6％,78.9％ ± 1.4％,93.3％ ± 2.7％ after intervention by metformin at concentrations of 2,4,8,16,32,64 mmol/L for 72 hours.There were significant differences in the inhibition rates among the 6 groups at the same time points (F =155.174,728.229,743.826,P ＜ 0.05),and significant differences were also observed within the same group at different time points (F =39.420,58.692,166.125,30.383,117.517,311.642,P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rates of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells in the experimental group and the control group were 25.4％ ± 1.7％ and 6.9％ ± 0.5％,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =18.378,P ＜0.05).The relative mRNA expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA in the experimental group and the control group were 1.88 ± 0.16 and 1.00 ± 0.00,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =9.743,P ＜ 0.05).The relative protein expressions of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ and beclin 1 in the gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were 1.65 ± 0.08 and 1.47 ± 0.06 in the experimental group and 0.79 ± 0.03 and 0.56 ± 0.06 in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =18.023,18.283,P ＜ 0.05).The relative protein expressions of AKT and P70s6k in the gastric cancer MNK-45 cells were 0.80 ±0.14 and 0.97 t0.21 in the experimental group and 0.96 ±0.17 and 1.37 ±0.23 in the control group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =2.103,1.699,P ＞0.05).The relative protein expressions of mTOR and p-mTOR were 0.58 ± 0.l 1 and 0.57 ±0.15 in the experimental group and 1.88 ±0.23 and 2.36 ±0.25 in the control group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =11.293,10.979,P ＜ 0.05).No p-AKT and p-P70s6k expression was detected in the experimental group,and the expressions of p-AKT and p-P70s6k in the control group were 1.00 ± 0.00 and 1.00 ± 0.00,respectively.Conclusions Metformin could induce autophagy,inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells.The mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of mTOR expression and the expression of mTOR downstream proteins p-P70s6k by mefformin,and then the autophagy of gastric cancer MNK-45 cells happens.
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To explore the characteristic genomics of syndrome of liver-kidney yin deficiency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
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In recent years, tumor is a refractory disease occurring frequently which is the main cause of death. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the usual therapeutic tools. However,radiotherapy and chemotherapy have serious side-effects and surgery can not be used effectively when metastasis happened. Therefore, tumor-targeted therapy has developed as a better way to cure tumor. Development of research on the use of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles as drug carriers are reviewed in this article, furthermore, problems about that are analysed.
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Objective To investigate the expression of P21ras and PIK3CA proteins in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC), post-hepatitis B hepatic cirrhosis (HBV-hepatic cirrhosis)and normal hepatic tissues specimen, and their correlation between HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis tissues.Methods Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of P21ras and PIK3CA proteins in 34 cases of HBV-HCC, 37 cases of HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and 30 cases of normal liver tissues specimen were detected and compared. Results The mean gray scales of P21ras protein in HBV-HCC, HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and normal hepatic tissue specimen were 138.86 ± 2.9, 145. 34 ± 2.06 and 152.07 ± 1.17 (P ＜ 0. 0l), respectively, and were related to the progression of hepatopathy (P ＜0.01). The mean gray scales of PIK3CA protein in HBV-HCC, HBV-hepatic cirrhosis and normal hepatic tissue specimen were 138.20 ± 3. 14, 149.49 ±0. 78 and 154.71 ± 1.29 (P ＜ 0.01), respectively, and were related to the progression of hepatopathy (P ＜ 0. 01).There were apparent correlation between P21ras and PIK3CA in HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis respectively (r =0. 64, P ＜0. 05; r =0. 42, P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The overexpression of P21ras and PIK3CA in HCC and hepatic cirrhosis tissue suggests that they participate in the tumorigenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis, and there may be a signal transduction pathway of P21ras-PI3K in HBV-HCC and HBV-hepatic cirrhosis.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between 1082 site A/G polymorphism in interleukin-10 gene and different virulence factors of Helieobacter pylori in Gansu Province and susceptibility to gastric cancer genesis. Methods Polymerase chain restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing were performed to analyze the genotype of the A/G polymorphism in its-1082 site of promoter region, and immunoblotting was performed to test different virulence factors antibody of H. pylori. Results respectively in the gastric precancerous lesion group. The frequency of AG + GG genotype was statistically higher in the gastric precancerous lesion group compared to the control group (P =0. 018), the risk gastric frequency of AA, AG, GG genotypes were 58.4% ,35.8% ,5.8%, respectively in the gastric cancer group. The frequency of AG + GG genotype was higher in the gastric cancer group compared to the control group (P =0. 010), moreover, individuals with the IL-10-1082AG + GG genotype rose to 2. 31 fold risk for gastric there was an increased risk of gastric precancerous lesion and developing gastric cancer for those carrying both AG + GG genotype and seropositive H. pylori I, with 9.73 fold risk. Conclusion There was a relationship between IL-10-1082 A/G polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer.
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A cDNA, named Dd-ace-2, encoding an acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7), was isolated from sweet-potato-stem nematode, Ditylenchus destructor. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences among different nematode species were compared and analyzed with DNAMAN5.0, MEGA3.0 softwares. The results showed that the complete nucleotide sequence of Dd-ace-2 gene of Ditylenchus destructor contains 2425 base pairs from which deduced 734 amino acids (GenBank accession No. EF583058). The homology rates of amino acid sequences of Dd-ace-2 gene between Ditylenchus destructor and Meloidogyne incognita, Caenorhabditis elegans, Dictyocaulus viviparous were 48.0%, 42.7%, 42.1% respectively. The mature acetylcholinesterase sequences of Ditylenchus destructor may encode by the first 701 residues of deduced 734 amino acids.The conserved motifs involved in the catalytic triad, the choline binding site and 10 aromatic residues lining the catalytic gorge were present in the Dd-ace-2 deduced protein. Phylogenetic analysis based on AChEs of other nematodes and species showed that the deduced AChE formed the same cluster with ACE-2s.