ABSTRACT
The physiological functions of endogenous amyloid-β (Aβ), which plays important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have not been paid enough attention. Here, we review the multiple physiological effects of Aβ, particularly in regulating synaptic transmission, and the possible mechanisms, in order to decipher the real characters of Aβ under both physiological and pathological conditions. Some worthy studies have shown that the deprivation of endogenous Aβ gives rise to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency, while the moderate elevation of this peptide enhances long term potentiation and leads to neuronal hyperexcitability. In this review, we provide a new view for understanding the role of Aβ in AD pathophysiology from the perspective of physiological meaning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Long-Term Potentiation , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , HippocampusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between 5-HTR1A gene C- 1019G polymorphism and the efficacy of antidepressants. METHODS PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library ，CNKI，Wanfang database ，CBM and VIP database were searched for domestic and foreign literatures on the correlation between 5-HTR1A gene C- 1019G polymorphism and antidepressant efficacy. The retrieval time limit was from the inception to February 2022. According to different outcome measures of drug response，Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.4 software were used for meta-analysis of efficacy group and remission group ，respectively. RESULTS A total of 18 literature were included. The combined results showed that among recessive gene model in valid group ， the correlation of 5-HTR1A gene C- 1019G polymorphism with the efficacy of antidepressants had statistically significance in Asian population（GG vs. CG+CC ，OR＝0.751，95％CI＝0.585-0.964，P＝0.024）. There was statistical significance in the correlation of 5-HTR1A gene C- 1019G polymorphism and the efficacy of antidepressants in China （GG vs. CG+CC ，OR＝0.677，95％CI＝ 0.508-0.901，P＝0.007）. There was no statistical significance in the correlation of 5-HTR1A gene C- 1019G polymorphism and the efficacy of antidepressants in remission group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS In the effective group ，5-HTR1A gene C- 1019G polymorphism is correlated with the efficacy of antidepressants in the Asian population and the Chinese population ；while in the remission group ，it is not proved that this polymorphism is correlated with the efficacy of antidepressants.
ABSTRACT
Recently clinical MR contrast media consists mainly of gadolinium based small molecule complexes,such as Gd-dTPA,Gd dOTA,etc,but small molecule complexes are defective in the relaxation and early diagnosis.With the development of nanotechnology,molecular nanoprobes not only have the advantages of small particle size,good biocompatibility,enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect and long half-life,but also their relaxation rates are higher than that of common gadolinium contrast media.The application of current MR molecular probe,such as liposomes,dendrimers,mesoporous silica,polymer micelles,carbon nanotubes,nano-gold and paramagnetic nanoparticles were mainly introduced in this paper.
ABSTRACT
Recently clinical MR contrast media consists mainly of gadolinium based small molecule complexes,such as Gd-dTPA,Gd dOTA,etc,but small molecule complexes are defective in the relaxation and early diagnosis.With the development of nanotechnology,molecular nanoprobes not only have the advantages of small particle size,good biocompatibility,enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect and long half-life,but also their relaxation rates are higher than that of common gadolinium contrast media.The application of current MR molecular probe,such as liposomes,dendrimers,mesoporous silica,polymer micelles,carbon nanotubes,nano-gold and paramagnetic nanoparticles were mainly introduced in this paper.