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Although it is widely believed that abnormal energy metabolism exists in cancer cells and affects the biological behavior of cancers, the exact mechanism of energy metabolic reprogramming and specific mechanism of its effect on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells have not been clarified. In recent years, studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can affect energy metabolism, development and progression of cancer cells through binding to specific nucleic acids and proteins at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages, and specifically through transcriptional interference, epigenetic regulation of genes, changes in protein activity, competitive binding to microRNA (miRNA) and other related mechanisms. The further study on the mechanism of lncRNA regulating energy metabolism reprogramming of cancer cells is expected to find new markers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This paper reviews the current research progress of the mechanism of lncRNA regulating metabolic reprogramming of glucose, fatty acid, protein and nucleotide in cancer, and provides a new idea of lncRNA's regulation of energy metabolism pathways for targeted anticancer therapy.
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Cell mechanics is essential to cell development and function,and its dynamics evolution reflects the physiological state of cells.Here,we investigate the dynamical mechanical properties of single cells under various drug conditions,and present two mathematical approaches to quantitatively character-izing the cell physiological state.It is demonstrated that the cellular mechanical properties upon the drug action increase over time and tend to saturate,and can be mathematically characterized by a linear time-invariant dynamical model.It is shown that the transition matrices of dynamical cell systems signifi-cantly improve the classification accuracies of the cells under different drug actions.Furthermore,it is revealed that there exists a positive linear correlation between the cytoskeleton density and the cellular mechanical properties,and the physiological state of a cell in terms of its cytoskeleton density can be predicted from its mechanical properties by a linear regression model.This study builds a relationship between the cellular mechanical properties and the cellular physiological state,adding information for evaluating drug efficacy.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The consecutive inpatients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were enrolled.SCH was defined as thyroid stimulating hormone ＞ 5.0 mU/L and thyroid function was normal.END was defined as an increase of ≥ 1 point in motor power or an increase of ≥ 2 points in the total National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 7 days.Univariate analysis was used to compare the differences in baseline data between END group and non-END group,multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between SCH and END in acute ischemic stroke.Results A total of 198 patients were enrolled,48(24.2％) with END.The age (67.1± 8.5 yearsvs.63.9± 9.0 years;t=2.169,P=0.031),homocysteine level (15.1 ± 5.6 μmol/L vs.13.2 ± 4.5 μmol/L;t =2.353,P =0.020),high-sensitive C-reactive protein (median and interquartile range,5.5 [1.7-8.7] g/L vs.2.9[1.0-5.0] g/L;Z =2.765,P =0.006),baseline NIHSS score (4.0[6.0-8.0] vs.4.0[2.0-6.0];Z=2.681,P=0.007),and the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (29.2％ vs.16.0％;x2 =4.065,P =0.044)) in the END group were significantly higher than those in the non-END group,and the proportion of patients with SCH (10.4％ vs.28.7％;x2 =4.086,P=0.043) was significantly lower than that of the non-END group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that SCH was an independent protective factor for END in acute ischemic stroke after adjusted for age,sex and other potential confounders (odd ratio 0.221;95％ confidence interval 0.055-0.801;P =0.022).Conclusions The END risk is lower in acute ischemic patients with SCH.
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Objective To investigate the late effect of radiation on child-bearing women,through observing "Fang",a 19-week-pregnant woman at age of 23,who was exposed to 60Co radiation in Shanxi Xinzhou radiation accident in November,1992 and diagnosed as moderate bone marrow type acute radiation sickness and recovered after 16 year of follow-up treatment.Methods Clinical data including medical history,physical examination,laboratory data,imaging findings and consulting relevant departments were reviewed.Results The followed-up woman "Fang" often felt weak and caught cold after recovery.When she was 32 years old (9 years after radiation),her hair turned grey,but without hair loss.Her menstrual quantity was lessened since 31 years old (8 years after radiation).She was remarried and pregnant twice in the same year.At the first time she underwent artificial abortion and the second child suffered from intrauterine death after 6 months of pregnancy.The physical examination found bilateral degree Ⅰ thyroid enlargement and sparse armpit hair.The laboratory test showed the increased levels of triiodothyronine,thyroxine and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TMAb) and the decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).Unstable chromosome aberrations were totally lost and stable aberrations in chromosomes were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).The dose estimated with the residue chromosome aberration was 0.76 Gy.Other laboratory results were normal.Ultrasonic test showed diffuse lesion in bilateral thyroid and multiple cystic nodules in right lobe of thyroid,which was considered to be nodular goiter.The examination of bone mineral density (BMD) showed osteoporosis from the second to the fourth lumber vertebra.There were no diseases associated with radiation based on the consultation from related departments.Conclusions Intrauterine death after 6 months of pregnancy might be associated with the previous exposure.There is no evidence of malignant tumor,but non-cancerous diseases are obvious.
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Objective To observe and study the late effects of intrauterine exposure to irradiation.Methods A 16-year-old girl,borne by a woman exposed to 60Co irradiation during the Xinzhou radiation accident 16 years ago underwent inquiry,general medical examination.Conventional chromosome aberration analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to examine non-stability and stability chromosome aberrations,and China revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C_WISC)was used to detect IQ level.Results Inquiry revealed no history of carcinoma and no family history of hereditary diseases.The girl often caught cold when she was a child,but she hadn' t any other diseases.Menarche occurred when she was 12 years old,and she had not suffered from dysmenorrhea.Her development of body frame constitution was normal.She could not carry out addition and subtraction,but she could make simple verbal communication,writing and even reciting text.The results of the routine lab examination were within the normal range.Unstable chromosome aberrations were not shown,and the chromosome translocation rate was 2.3%.The dose that induced the chromosome injury was deduced as 0.81 Gy.The biological dose of the radiation that she was exposed to was inferred to be 1.85 Gy when she was in ther mother's uterus.Ultrasonic sound showed nodular goiter and no malignant change.China's revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C_WISC) test results showed that speech,operation and full-scale IQ was 51,50,and 46 respectively.The total intelligence was better than 0.01% ,and worse than 99.90% of the population.Conclusions Exposure in utero does not affect the body frame constitution development after birth of the fetus,but mental retardation is clear.No evidence of any tumor can be found for the children exposed to radiation before their birth.
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Objective To evaluate and compare the curative effect between the microinvasive craniopuncture therapy and the clearance of hematoma by craniotomy with small bone flap in treating patients with moderate cerebral hemorrhage (30-60 ml)in the basal ganglion part of the brain. Methods Ninety-five patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into treatment group (microinvasive craniopuncture therapy) and control group (the clearance of hematoma by craniotomy with small bone flap). The main indexes of evaluation were the neurological impairment degree (NID) on the 14th day after treatment, activities of daily living (ADL) by the end of the third month, the incidence rate of complications, and the case fatality during 3 months. Results On the 14th day after treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the NID and the ADL of patients. The incidence rate of respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, electrolyte disorder in treatment group [16.33% (8/49), 6.12% (3/49), 6.12% (3/49), respectively] was significantly reduced than those of control group [56.52% (26/46), 21.74%(10/46), 21.74% (10/46),respectively] during hospitalization (P < 0.05). By the end of the third month, there was significant difference in favorable outcomes (Barthel index 95-100) (χ~2 = 18.7524,P =0.0009) and in improving the ADL (MRS)(t =5.2723,P =0.0001) between the two groups [39.13% (18/46), 4.65% (2/43),respectively]. In ease fatality, there was no significant difference between the two groups [6.12% (3/49),6.52% (3/46),respectively]. Conclusion As compared with the clearance of hematoma by craniotomy with small bone flap, the microinvasive craniopuncture therapy can remarkably reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the ADL of patients with moderate cerebral hemorrhage (30-60 ml) in the basal ganglion, and decrease disability without increasing fatality.