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OBJECTIVE： To study the anti-inflammatory and detumescent pharmacodynamic material basis of Jingyaokang capsule， and to provide reference for secondary development， the establishment of quality control method and technological upgrading of the preparations. METHODS： The constituents of Jingyaokang capsule were extracted and separated with different solvents and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain constituent A （overall enrichment part）， constituent B （chloroform extraction part）， constituent C （water-course part） and constituent D （elution part of 60％ ethanol）. Using dexamethasone acetate as positive control， the anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects of Jingyaokang capsule and different extraction parts （constituents A， B， C， D） were investigated by mice ear edema and rat paw edema tests to screen the active fraction. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was used to analyze active constituent， identify compounds and attribute medicinal material. RESULTS： Anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects of constituent B （chloroform extraction part）+constituent D （elution part of 60％ ethanol） were similar to those of Jingyaokang capsule in rats or mice， indicating both had synergistic anti-inflammatory and detumescent effects and were active constituents of Jingyaokang capsule. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS detection and identification showed that constituent B contained 13 compounds as strychnine， phellodendrine， periplogenin， tetraketone alcohol， 11-carbonyl-β-mastic acid， attributing to Strychnos nux-vomica， Stephania tetrandra， Periploca sepium， Lycopodium japonicum， Boswellia carterii， etc. Constituent D contained 7 compounds as adenine， hydroxysafflower yellow A， phellodendrine， neoeriocitrin， zingibroside R1， attributing to rainworm， Carthamus tinctorius， Stephania tetrandra， Davallia mariesii， Achyranthes bidentata， etc. CONCLUSIONS： Jingyaokang capsule shows the significant anti-inflammation and detumescent effects. The chloroform extraction part is synergistic with 60％ ethanol elution part， which are the active constituents of anti-inflammation and detumescence，mainly including alkaloids， flavonoids and boswellic acids.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for the rapidly non-destructive quality control of Liuwei dihuang capsule. METHODS： AOTF-NIR spectrometry was adopted. Taking 80 batches of Liuwei dihuang capsule produced by a manufacturer in recent three years as samples， HPLC chromatogram was adopted to determine the contents of loganin， morroniside， paeonol， paeoniflorin and ursolic acid； the content of water was determined according to general principles stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅰ）. Taking 70 batches of samples as correction set， the partial least square method and the cross-validation algorithm were used to establish the NIR quantitative model of 6 indexes in Liuwei dihuang capsules with the Unscrambler quantitative analysis software. Taking residual 10 batches of samples as validation set， external validation was conducted for the model. RESULTS： The correlation coefficients （R2） of internal and external validation of loganin， morroniside， paeonol， paeoniflorin， the content of water quantitative model were all greater than 0.9； the correction of standand deviation （RMSEC） were 0.372 8， 0.025 4， 0.263 3， 0.288 5， 0.186 7 and 0.037 7； the prediction of standard deviation （RMSEP） were 0.462 2， 0.077 5， 0.472 1， 0.634 9， 0.293 4 and 0.206 9； the external verification showed that mean deviations of preclicted value to actual value were 6.04％， 6.05％， 5.87％， 6.97％， 5.62％ and 4.83％， with the mean deviation less than 10％.CONCLUSIONS：The established method can achieve rapidly non-destructive analysis Liuwei dihuang capsule.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for rapid judgement of blending endpoint of Jingqi shuangshen capsules and content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ. METHODS:AOTF-NIR combined with principal component analysis and Moving Block Standard Deviation method was used to identify the blending endpoint. First derivative combined with savitzky-golay filter method were used to spectrum pretreatment. The partial least square method was used to establish quantitative analysis model of the content of astragaloside Ⅳin mixed endpoint sample. The content of astragaloside Ⅳ in mixed endpoint sample was determined by HPLC-ELSD to validate the model. RESULTS:Methodology validation of content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in mixed material sample and mixed endpoint sample was in line with the requirements. NIR monitoring results showed that the product reached the blending endpoint after 30 min. The results of NIR monitoring were generally consistent with the results of HPLC-ELSD. The principal component dimension of the quantitative model was 9;determination coefficients was 0.954 9;Root Mean Square of Calibration of the model was 0.039 2;Root Mean Square Error of Prediction of the model was 0.042 6. Predicted average value of astragaloside Ⅳ by NIR was 11.74 mg/g,and measured average value of astragaloside Ⅳ by HPLC-ELSD was 11.38 mg/g;average deviation was 3.16%. CONCLUSIONS:AOTF-NIR can rapidly judge the blending endpoint sample of Jingqi shuangshen capsules,rapidly determine the content of astragalosideⅣin mixed endpoint material,improve the quality control level of blending process and shorten blending cycle.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish rapid method for content determination of cryptotanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiza. METHODS:The content of cryptotanshinone in sample was determined by HPLC(as reference value). AOTF-NIDRS combined with PLS was used to establish quantitative correction model for the content of cryptotanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza. According to the results of content determination of cryptotanshinone in samples,35 samples of medicinal material were collected. First-order derivative combined with smoothing filter coefficient method was used to pretreat spectrum,and optimal band range for content determination of cryptotanshinone in sample ranged 1 250-2 150 nm. RESULTS:Methodology validation of content determination of cryptotanshinone in sample was in line with the requirements. Correction mean square deviation of quantitative correction model of cryptotanshinone was 0.014 6,and predicted mean square deviation was 0.022 3,coefficient of association was 0.976 6. The internal verification deviation was 2.41% and the external verification deviation was 4.06%. CONCLUSIONS:This method is rapid,accurate,simple and pollution-free.It can be used for rapid content determination of cryptotanshinone in S.miltiorrhiza.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for rapid quality evaluation of Astragali Radix.METHODS:The moisture of medicinal material was determined by oven drying method;the content of astragaloside Ⅳ was determined by HPLC-ELSD;the content of isoflavone glucoside was determined by HPLC (as reference value).The partial least squares (PLS) method combined with acousto-optic turnable filter-NIDRS was adopted to build quantitative model of above indexes in Astragali Radix (as predict value).According to reference value,60 batches of sample were collected.The spectra pretreatment was conducted by first derivative method combined with Savitzky golay.The optimal bands of moisture,astragaloside Ⅳ and isoflavone glucoside were 1 100-2 300 nm,1 080-2 160 nm,1 170-2 230 nm,respectively.RESULTS:The content determination of moisture,astragaloside Ⅳ and isoflavone glucoside in samples were all in line with methodology requirements.The corrected mean square root deviation of quantitative model for moisture,astragaloside Ⅳ,calycosin glucoside were 0.132 3,0.006 6,0.002 5,respectively;predicted mean square root deviation were 0.237 1,0.016 3,0.004 7;internal cross validation coefficient of correction set were 0.975 9,0.953 3,0.968 0;internal verification deviation of quantitative model were 1.43％,1.90％,1.84％;external verification deviation were 1.73 ％,2.68 ％,2.71％,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,accurate,simple,pollution-free,and can be used for rapid quality evaluation of Astragali Radix.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC fingerprint of Zhenqi fuzheng granules. METHODS:HPLC-ELSD method was ad-opted. The determination was performed on Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-wa-ter(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with column temperature of 40 ℃. The detector evaporation temperature was 50℃,and sample size was 10μL. Using specnuezhenide as reference,HPLC chromatograms of 7 batches of Zhenqi fuzheng gran-ules were determined. The identification and similarity evaluation of common peaks were conducted by using the TCM Chromato-graphic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2004 A edition). RESULTS:There were 13 common peaks in HPLC chromato-grams of 7 batches of samples. After validated,the similarity of 3 batches of samples in HPLC chromatograms of 7 batches of sam-ples were higher than 0.9,which were in good agreement with control fingerprints. The similarity of 4 batches of samples were <0.9,which were poorly same to control fingerprint. CONCLUSIONS:Established fingerprint can provide reference for quality evalu-ation of Zhenqi fuzheng granules.
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Through analyzing the academic ideas in Shanghan Zhinan written by Wei-Ju ZHU, a modern famous physician, it is pointed out that ZHU's achievement on integrative medicine has been overlooked. Taking the theory of syndrome differentiation of six channels from Shanghan Lun as an example, ZHU presumed that the essence of therapeutic theory of traditional Chinese medicine was to conform to or strengthen human body's self-healing and self-regulating abilities. Since Yangqi is the major force in the body to help heal disease when it occurred, ZHU often took measures to strengthen Yang first in treating disease and also was good at using hot-natured herbs, such as Radix aconiti lateralis preparata. ZHU's thoughts on integrative medicine were concerned with etiology, pathology and therapeutics. In addition, ZHU generalized the syndrome differentiation into the theory of five phases and eight principles, and made important contributions to the history of integrative medicine. His thinking will provide valuable revelation for clinical practice and modern research on traditional Chinese medicine.
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This review focuses on the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis put forward by David Barker and his colleagues,recent advances in epidemiological studies and experimental research in this field.Barker Hypothesis states that environmental factors,particularly intrauterine nutrition,as indicated by birth weight,operate in early life to program the risks for adverse health outcomes in adult life.A large growing body of reports described the association between the early development and adult diseases,such as diabetes,hypertension,coronary heart disease,abnormal lipids metabolism,obesity and cancer,etc.Experimental studies show that the changes of some key genes' expression,caused by epigenetic modifications,lead to a permanent alteration of cellular proliferation and differentiation and finally the genesis in key tissues and organs.These results bring about the impairment in structures and functions and the increased susceptibility to chronic diseases in adult life.The hypothesis provides a new perspective for the prevention and therapy of chronic diseases.
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The question that searching efficacy substance is not the key relevant to modernization of Chinese materia medica (CMM) was discussed in the following three aspects: its possibility, necessity and the feasibility of quality control without knowing the effect substance. It is pointed out that definite understandings of active components and mechamism, high and immediate efficacy are not the necessary characteristics of CMM. Searching the active ingredients is not main task for the modernization of CMM. On the basis of not completely knowing the active components, quality control and establishing standard system of evaluating herbal medicine efficacy with the characteristics of TCM are two key problems. The quality control of herbal medicine should be concentrated on multi steps, multi means and vague recognition of general characters. The characteristics of multi systematic, mild and slow, and pattern associated effects should be seriously considered in assessing herb efficacy on the prerequisite of being methodologically in accordance with modern science. In the meantime, the quality control study of herbal medicine must be on such a basis.
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In order to study on the theory of " phlegm and blood stasis having same source" and effects of drugs for resolving phlegm on blood rheology, effects of Ban Xia, Gua Lou, Zhe Bei Mu and Shi Chang Pu on whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformation index and plasma fibrinogen content in normal rats. Results indicated that the drugs.for resolving phlegm had functions of decreasing whole blood viscosity, inhibiting hemoagglutination (except Gua Lou) and increasing capability of erythrocyte deformation; at high shearing rate, Shi Chang Pu and Zhe Bei Mu could slightly increase whole blood viscosity: Shi Chang Pu increased slightly plasma fibrinogen content. It is suggested that resolving phlegm also can removing blood stasis, and the mechanism of the drug for resolving phlegm in decreasing blood viscosity is related with decrease of blood lipids and anti - peroxidation of lipids.
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The strain and transversal area of human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were investigated in 30 samples of the knee joint. The length of ACL changes with movement of the knee. The maximum strain and extension are 19.42％ and 4.65mm respectively. The mean transversal area of the ACL is 39.95?10.22mm~2. The resuults of the investigation provide morphological data for reparation and reconstruction of the ACL in clinic.