ABSTRACT
The system of first contact in community health institutions, as the core element of hierarchical di-agnosis and treatment system, is of great importance for reforming successfully China’ health service system. The sys-tem of first contact in community health institutions implemented among labor workers in Shenzhen City plays an im-portant role in patients ’ distribution and the interested parties can accept this mandatory system. Campared with Shenzhen City, the level of services is enough to meet patients’ primary health demands in some cities which the com-munity health service develops well, and it should be thought highly of the mandatory in the process of policy imple-mentation in order to ensure the implementation effect.
ABSTRACT
Two fresh kidneys removed from two male adult bodies, about 48 hrs. after death, were injected through the renal artery with ABS (a copolymer of allyl cyanide, butadiene and styrolene) at a constant pressure between 250-280 mmHg. Corrosion casts were prepared for the study of glomerular vasculature. Small specimens were cut out from the kidney were digested in 20% HCl and 10% peptic solution. Cast replicas of renal arteries and their branches were removed and examined with the SEM (Hitachi H-500 with Scanning accessories HSE_2). The chief results of observation were as follows: The corrosion-cast models of adults' glomerular vessels observed under the SEM consisted of two kinds: the spherical glomerulus and the chrythsanthemum-like glomerulus. The system of capillary loops of the spherical glomerulus was interconnected by anastomosed vessels. The lobular patterns of the glomerular capillary loops as described in the mouse kidney by Hall were not observed. The chrythsanthemum-like glomerulus consisted of many branches of capillaries, either longer or shorter, and most ended blindly. No more than one efferent or afferent vessel have been observed in our corrosioncast specimen of the adults' glomerular vessels. In general, the afferent and efferent arteriole enters or exits at the hilum of glomerulus. Rarely, the efferent vessel left the glomerulus at the oppositeside of the hilum. By-pass tract between the afferent and efferent vessels was not found in our casts. Constrictions of the afferent arterioles such as those shown in rats by Shonyo and Mann ('44) were not demonstrated in the adults' kidneys. Sometimes, there is a constriction near the point of origin of the afferent arteriole.