ABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish a microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous determination of multiple elements in placenta.@*Methods@#Fresh placental tissues were dried at 60 ℃ for 15 h and ground into power. Then, 0.3 g homogenized samples were digested in a microwave digestion system. The interference from mass spectrometry was removed using the kinetic energy discrimination model in the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the baseline interference was removed by online internal standards. The contents of 17 elements were determined in placental specimens using the established microwave digestion -inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay, including V, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se, Cd, Pb, Hg and Tl.@*Results@#Good linearity was shown for V, Ni, Co, Cr, As, Se, Cd, Pb and Tl at 1 to 50 µg/L, Fe at 100 to 5 000 µg/L, Zn, Cu, Mn and Ba at 10 to 500 µg/L, Sn and Sb at 0.1 to 5 µg/L, and Hg at 0.2 to 2 µg/L, with all correlation coefficients of 0.999 8 and higher. The detection limits of these 17 elements ranged from 0.5 to 100 μg/kg, with relative standard deviations of 2.1% to 6.5%, and recovery rates of 83.3% to 110.0%. The determination results of 17 elements were all within the normal reference range defined in the certified reference materials of chicken (GBW10018). @*Conclusions@#The microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry established based on optimized pretreatments and mass spectrometry detection conditions, is feasible for simultaneous determination of multiple elements in placenta.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and countermeasures of the clinical nurse injuries caused by sharp instruments.METHODS The related data of the 76 cases reported for clinical nurses stab injury by applying our hospital "Medical Sharp Instruments Injury Registration Form" were analyzed.RESULTS The kinds of sharp instruments inducing sharps instrument injured in 76 cases were scalp puncture(43.4%),various syringe needles(28.9%),glass(14.5%),suture needles(5.3%)and others(7.9%);the main causes of sharp injuries were the post-operation processing(34.2%),opening the ampoules with the fingers and thumb(14.5%),capping needles(13.1%)and withdrawal of the needles(9.2%);57.9% of the sharp instrument injuries were stabbed by blood contaminated needles.Among them,23 cases(30.3%)stabbed due to the patients with the blood borne infectous diseases such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C.And 89.5% among them were without wearing gloves.Only 10 injured nurses of the 22 cases were injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin.CONCLUSIONS The important measures to reduce the clinical sharp instrument injuries are:to strengthen the "standard precautions" idea,raise awareness of occupational protection and performance standards,and strengthen the monitoring and management of the sharp injuries.