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ObjectiveTo clarify the relationship between childhood maltreatment and insomnia in middle school students， and to explore the mediating role of post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） symptoms and the moderating role of mental resilience involvement. MethodsFrom April to May 2021， a total of 3 412 students in 3 middle schools in a city in western China were selected using convenient sampling method， and all students were assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire （CTQ）， Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale （PCL）， Insomnia Severity Index （ISI） and mental resilience scale. The moderated mediating effect analysis was conducted using Process v3.4. ResultsAmong the middle school students， CTQ scores were positively correlated with PCL and ISI scores （r=0.540， 0.320， P<0.05）， and the scores of CTQ， PCL and ISI were negatively correlated with the score of mental resilience scale （r=-0.049， -0.193， -0.132， P<0.05）. PTSD symptoms exhibited a partial mediating effect on the relationship between general childhood maltreatment and insomnia （β=0.161， P<0.05）， accounting for 80.5% of the total effect. ConclusionAmong the middle school students， the relationship between childhood maltreatment and insomnia is partially mediated via PTSD symptoms， and mental resilience exerts a moderating role between childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptoms.
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ObjectiveTo study the anxiety and depression status of the third-year junior high school students in Nanning city， and to discuss their relationships with test anxiety， so as to provide references for targeted psychological intervention for students. MethodsFrom May to June， 2021， a simple random sampling method was adopted to randomly enroll three classes of third-grade students from one junior high school in each district and county of Nanning city. The selected students were assessed using Test Anxiety Scale （TAS）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）. Thereafter， Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation among each scale score. ResultsA total of 2 080 students participated in the survey， and 1 826 （87.79%） valid questionnaires were collected. Among them， 999 students （54.71%） felt uncomfortable due to the test. Anxiety and depression were detected in 577 （31.60%） and 830 （45.45%） students， respectively. TAS score of female students was higher than that of male students ［（16.75±6.78） vs. （15.08±6.97）， t=-5.136， P<0.01］， SAS score of female students was higher than that of male students ［（46.05±10.43） vs. （44.16±10.87）， t=-3.769， P<0.01］， and SDS score of female students was higher than that of male students ［（52.34±12.44） vs. （49.98±12.17）， t=-4.039， P<0.01］. Correlation analysis showed that SAS and SDS scores were positively correlated with TAS score （r=0.574， 0.531， P<0.01）， and the correlation still existed after further controlling for age and gender （r=0.570， 0.526， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe third-year junior high school students in Nanning city suffer a high prevalence rate of anxiety and depression， and the two psychological states have positive relations with TAS. Furthermore， both anxiety and depression are more severe in female students than in male students.
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Objective:To explore the mediating role of insomnia between childhood trauma and suicide risk in middle school students.Methods:Childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), insomnia severity index(ISI) and suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised(SBQ-R) were used to investigate 3 442 middle school students.According to the total score of the SBQ-R, those who scored less than or equal to 6 were divided into low suicide risk group, and those who scored more than or equal to 7 were divided into high suicide risk group.In this study, there were 2 168 students in the low suicide risk group and 1 274 students in the high suicide risk group.SPSSAU 21.0 online statistical software was used for common method deviation test, descriptive statistics, variance analysis and correlation analysis, and structural equation model was constructed, and Bootstrap method was used for mediation effect test.Results:(1) There were statistically significant differences between the high suicide risk group and the low suicide risk group in terms of grade and gender( χ2=11.144, 83.737, both P<0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in the types of childhood trauma and the severity of insomnia( χ2=292.211, 333.998, both P<0.05). (2) The total score of childhood trauma in the high suicide risk group (43.92±10.50) was higher than that in the low suicide risk group (37.74±6.93) ( F=351.78, P<0.01), and the score of insomnia in the high suicide risk group (10.66±5.54) was higher than that in the low suicide risk group (7.04±4.76) ( F=379.25, P<0.01). (3)The total score of childhood trauma was positively correlated with the score of suicide risk ( r=0.415, P<0.01), and the total score of childhood trauma was positively correlated with the score of insomnia ( r=0.306, P<0.01), and the score of insomnia was significantly positively correlated with the score of suicide risk ( r=0.399, P<0.01). After controlling for demographic data, anxiety and depression, the correlation was still significant ( P<0.01). (4) Path analysis and mediation test showed that childhood trauma had a positive effect on insomnia ( β=0.30, P<0.01), insomnia had a positive effect on suicide risk ( β=0.29, P<0.01), and childhood trauma had a positive effect on suicide risk ( β=0.33, P<0.01). The mediating effect of insomnia accounted for 21.21% of the total effect.After controlling for demographic data, anxiety and depression, the mediating effect accounted for 10.66% of the total effect. Conclusion:Childhood trauma and insomnia have a significant impact on the suicide risk among middle school students.Insomnia plays a partial mediating role between childhood trauma and middle school students' suicide risk.Timely management of the sleep disturbances of traumatized individuals can reduce the suicide risk among middle school students.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy （DBT） in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavioral therapy， in order to provide a reference for the intervention of NSSI behavior in adolescents in China. NSSI behavior is a common mental health threat for adolescents. In recent years， it has become a mental health problem that cannot be ignored worldwide. At present， psychotherapy is mainly used for NSSI behavior. Increasing evidence shows that DBT is effective in reducing NSSI behavior. This article summarizes the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of NSSI behavior by describing the risk factors of NSSI behavior， an overview of DBT and the efficacy of DBT in the application of NSSI.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health condition of college students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） ， and to provide accurate basis for their psychological intervention. MethodsThrough the way of electronic questionnaire， questionnaire star as tools， random investigation of college students in a university in Sichuan. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Somatization Symptom Scale （SSS） were used to evaluate their anxiety， depression and somatization symptoms. At the same time， a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate their styles of help seeking， and the relationships between them. ResultsA total of 551 valid questionnaires were collected， including 4.90% of anxiety symptoms， 28.68% of depression and 17.97% of somatization symptoms. In terms of somatization， the detection rate was higher in urban college students than those in rural （23.35% vs. 13.27%， P<0.05）， non-medical students was higher than medical students （21.40% vs. 13.89%， P<0.05）. Women's SSS score was higher than men's ［（26.51 ± 5.44） vs. （25.27 ± 5.78）］， urban college students' SSS score were higher than rural ［（26.69 ± 5.98） vs. （25.38 ± 5.12）］， and non-medical students’ SSS score were higher than medical students ［（26.65 ± 5.59） vs. （25.21 ± 5.45）］， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Partial correlation analysis showed that SSS score was positively correlated with SAS score （r=0.110， P=0.010） and negatively correlated with SDS score （r=-0.087， P=0.042）. The top three common ways of help-seeking pattern among college students were self-regulation （81.85%）， talking to family or friends （70.78%） and offline psychological counseling （28.31%）. ConclusionUnder the COVID-19 epidemic， the detection rate of depressive symptoms and somatization symptoms of college students is high. The detection rate of somatization symptoms of female， urban and non-medical college students is high. Self-regulation and talking to family or friends are the main psychological styles of help seeking for college students.
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Objective To analysis the clinical manifestations of a large Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 pedigree to pro-vide the information for the early diagnosis of Ataxia 3. Methods SCA3/ATXN3 gene was determined by using Poly-merase Chain Reaction and fragment analysis in the large pedigree members and patients ’clinical data was collected. Five patients underwent MRI imaging and fundus examination. Results There were eighteen clinical patients and twelve ATXN3 carriers in this Pedigree . In addition to ataxia, three patients presented with intellectual disability, one with cer-vical spondylosis, one with dysmyotonia, one with disorder in visual system, and seven with abnormality in autonomic ner-vous system. The MRI revealed that pons and cerebellar atrophy in some patients inordinately. Undus examination did not reveal any obvious abnormality. Conclusions The symptoms of SCA3 are heterogeneous in the same pedigree. When patients present with symptoms of cerebellar system, visual system and autonomic nervous system, or cervical spondylosis and intellectual disability, SCA3 should be considered.
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BACKGROUND:Some studies have shown that more copy number variations are present in early passage human induced pluripotent stem cells than later passage human human induced pluripotent stem cells, their parental somatic fibroblasts or human embryonic stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the reprogramming process itself compromises genomic stability and further explore the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cellestablishment. METHODS:Using high-resolution Affymetrix CytoScan HD array, we compared copy number variations and loss of heterozygosity in early passage induced pluripotent stem cells with their fibroblast cellorigins from genetic epilepsy patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with somatic fibroblasts from genetic epilepsy patient, there was no difference in the loss of heterozygosity between the two types of cells, but more copy number variations were present in early passage human induced pluripotent stem cells which were characterized as microduplication and involved oncogenic genes. Results demonstrate the dynamic nature of genomic abnormalities during reprogramming process and the necessity of frequent monitoring human induced pluripotent stem cells to assure their genomic stability and clinical safety.
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BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts under inducing condition that Zouguiwan and Youguiwan coordinate inducers, but the mechanism remains to be discussed. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan on transforming growth factorβ1 and its signal transduction protein Smad2/3 message expression during the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:A whole bone marrow adherence method was adopted to isolate and cultivate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats. The cellcultivation was processed in five groups:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were respectively cultured with blank serum, serum containing Zouguiwan, serum containing Youguiwan, positive serum containing progynova+inducer (dexamethasone, vitamin C, andβ-glycerophosphate), and inducer. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of type I col agen. The immunohistochemical assay was utilized to test transforming growth factorβ1 and Smad2/3 expression in the osteoblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It was apparently more significant for serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan on type I col agen, transforming growth factorβ1 and Smad2/3 expression, compared with blank serum group and inducer group (P<0.05);moreover, serum containing Zuoguiwan was better than serum containing Youguiwan (P<0.05). Both of serum containing Zuoguiwan and Youguiwan are able to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, Zuoguiwan is much more effective indicating that this method of traditional Chinese medicine about nourishing kidneys can be better to promote osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
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Background and purpose:To explore the possibility of genetic re-expression silenced by DNA aberrant hypermethylation which is a common epigenetic modification in carcinogenesis. 5-Aza-CdR, an inhibitor of DNA methylation, was used to determine the effects of expression of tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin in tumor cell lines. Methods:Methylation specific PCR(MSP) was utilized to examine methylation status of E-cad gene on breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435 before and after the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to test the expression of E-cad protein. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR method was used to detect the changes of E-cad mRNA.Results:1).E-cad methylation was positive(116bp) and unmethylation was negative on MDA-MB-435 cell before the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. After being treated with 5.0umol/L 5-Aza-CdR for 3 days, methylation turned negative and unmethylation positive bands(97bp) were detected. 2).The E-cad protein expression was not detected by immunohistochemistry on MDA-MB-435 cell before the treatment, while E-cad staining was positive on the cell membrane after the treatment. 3). The E-cad mRNA failed to be amplified in cells before the treatment. After incubation at variable concentrations of 0.5 ?mol/L, 1.0 ?mol/L, 2.0 ?mol/L and 5.0 ?mol/L 5-Aza-CdR for 3 days, respectively, E-cad mRNA expression was detected on the fourth day in a dose-dependent manner. Correlation between the mRNA expression level and the agent concentration was observed.Conclusions:The demethylation agent 5-Aza-CdR can reverse the aberrant E-cad methylation status in MDA-MB-435 and re-expressed E-cad mRNA and protein.