ABSTRACT
Introduction@#Dermatologic diseases are one of the common reasons for consult in primary care. Primary care physicians such as the doctors to the barrios (DTTBs) assigned in geographically isolated areas play a critical role in providing primary skin health services since they are the first, and sometimes, only doctors patients rely on for consult. In managing skin diseases, adequate knowledge and skills are needed to arrive at a correct diagnosis, and a physician’s proper initial treatment and timely referral to dermatologists will lead to less affectation on quality of life. Identifying what is lacking in skin health services and referral system would aid dermatologists in finding out how to bridge the gap in knowledge and access to our specialized skin health care.@*Objectives@#The study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions of primary care physicians in the Philippines regarding common dermatologic conditions.@*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study that utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from rural government primary care phy- sicians (doctors to the barrios). At the end of the study, the proponents collated the data and data analysis was done using STATA 13.1 guided by a statistician.@*Results@#A total of 118 DTTBs were included in the study. The mean age of the physicians is 28 years old. One-half of the physicians were assigned to low-income class municipalities; 26.85% and 25% are from 4th class and 5th class municipalities respectively. Factors such as age, sex and clinical experience were not associated with level of knowledge of the respondents. Majority or 55% of the primary care physicians were classified as hav- ing insufficient knowledge on common skin diseases. The respondents have an average of 250 consultations per week and 6% of these are derma- tologic diseases. The most common skin diseases they encountered were impetigo (46.61%), scabies (46.61%), contact dermatitis (43.22%), fungal infection (25.42%) and cellulitis (20.34%). The most prescribed and available medications for skin diseases are oral and systemic antibiotics. Only 42.37% of the physicians are able to refer to dermatologists through various online communication platforms while the rest refer through phone calls or advise their patients to seek dermatologic consult. 25% of the respondents have direct access to dermatologists. DTTBs also have recog- nized the importance of having adequate knowledge on skin diseases and majority are very interested in learning more about these conditions. The top 3 barriers to the proper management of skin diseases were lack of training, lack of experience, and lack of medications. Most of the re- spondents have rated themselves as average to bad in their perceived competency in diagnosing and managing different common skin diseases.@*Conclusion@#The study showed that majority of the respondents had insufficient knowledge on the diagnosis and management of common der- matological diseases but had a strong interest to learn more. A significant number of the respondents do not always refer to dermatologists and have poor access to specialty care. Overall, our findings suggest that there are indeed barriers to delivery of skin-related health services that should be addressed.
Subject(s)
Physicians, Primary CareABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In the United States, AD affects 10.7% of children andyc 7.2% of adults. Similarly in the Philippines, the prevalence of AD is 12.7% in the under 18 population, and 2% in the over 18 population. While AD affects all ages, the burden of the disease is greater in the pediatric population. The pathogenesis of AD is multifactorial. Variations in genes responsible for epidermal barrier function, keratinocyte terminal differentiation, and the innate and adaptive immune responses have been linked to AD. A null mutation involving the filaggrin gene is the strongest known risk factor for AD. This mutation results in a loss of filaggrin (FLG) protein by at least 50%. Filaggrin breakdown products form part of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) of the skin, which is essential in skin hydration. A decrease in NMF and an increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are observed in AD patients with FLG mutation. The defective barrier in AD patients decreases skin defenses against irritation and allergen penetration. Exposure to certain environmental chemicals like formaldehyde may worsen this barrier. This may lead to increased skin permeability to aeroallergens that leads to dermatitis in sensitized patients. Barrier defects may also play a role in epicutaneous sensitization and the subsequent development of other atopic conditions, such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The Philippine Dermatological Society (PDS) consensus on AD aims to provide a comprehensive guideline and evidence-based recommendations in the management of this condition, with consideration of cultural factors that are often encountered in the Philippine setting. These guidelines are intended to provide practitioners with an overview of the holistic approach in the management of AD, ameliorating the negative effects of the disease and improving overall quality of life.. Methodology: A group of 21 board-certified dermatologists from the Philippine Dermatological Society (PDS) convened to discuss aspects in the clinical management of AD. Database and literature search included the full-text articles of observational studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, and observational studies using the Cochrane library, PubMed, Hardin (for Philippine based studies) as well as data from the PDS health information system. The terms used in combinations from the literature included “atopic dermatitis”, “atopic eczema”, “emollients”, “topical corticosteroids”, “topical calcineurin inhibitors”, “anti-histamines” and “phototherapy”. A total of fifty (50) full text articles were reviewed and found applicable for the scope of the study. Articles were assessed using the modified Jadad scale, with score interpretations as follows: (5- excellent, 3- good, 1– poor). Consensus guidelines for AD from within and outside of the region were also reviewed, from the 2013 Asia-Pacific guidelines, 2014 Taiwanese Dermatological Association consensus, 2016 guidelines in the management of AD in Singapore, 2014 American Academy of Dermatology guidelines, and the 2020 Japanese guidelines for AD. From the literature review, proposed consensus statements were developed, and a Delphi survey was conducted over two separate virtual meetings. Individual dermatologists provided Likert Scoring (1- strongly disagree to 5- strongly agree) based on consensus statements. A consensus was deemed reached at mean scores of > 4.00, a near consensus at > 3.5, and no consensus at <3.5. Summary: AD is a chronic relapsing condition with a significant burden of disease, most commonly affecting the pediatric population. The PDS AD Consensus Guidelines summarizes the standards of therapy and the therapeutic ladder in the management of AD based on published clinical trials and literature review. While these modalities remain the cornerstone of therapy, an individualized approach is the key to the holistic management of an AD patient. Knowledge and awareness of frequently associated conditions, whether in the realm of food allergies, contact allergies, or secondary infections, is paramount. In addition to the standard therapeutic armamentarium, the physician must also consider cultural practices and be knowledgeable of alternative therapeutic options. Referral to a specialist is recommended for recalcitrant cases of AD, or when initiation of systemic immunosuppressive agents, phototherapy, or biologic agents is contemplated.