ABSTRACT
The seeds of Moringa oleifera were tested as clearing and sedimentation agents in household water in Thaung Gyi Lay village with 110 households. Questionnaires were completed for each household and follow-up visits were carried out to ascertain the hypothetical acceptability (attitude), initial acceptability (behaviour) and experimental acceptability. It was observed that 78.9 per cent of the people accepted to use Moringa oleifera seeds if these were easily available. For continuous use of Moringa oleifera seeds, 47.3 per cent wanted to use, 44.7 per cent could not decide and only three households (2.7 per cent) did not want to use these. It was observed that the taste and pH of water did not change after treatment with Moringa oleifera seeds. There was no complaint about the treated water. This study will highlight the acceptance to use Moringa oleifera seeds for the sedimentation of turbid water.
Subject(s)
Decontamination , Water , MyanmarABSTRACT
The seeds of Moringa oleifera were tested as the clearing and sedimentation agents in tubid water from various sources (1) DMR pond (2) Yangon river (3) Bago River (4) Hline River (5) Hlinethaya Pond (6) artesian well from laydaunkkan and (7) Thanlyin River. the turbidity reduction of 80.00 to 99.5 percent paralled by a primary bacterial reduction of 90.00 to 99.99 per cent were obtained within the first one to two hours of treatment, the bacteria being concentrated in the coagulated sediment. It was observed that 100 mg (one ywe) of the seed powder served as a clearing agent in one litre of turbid water. However, the difference of clearing activity was not significant with different amounts of powder, lwhen 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg respectively were used with constant water quantity (one litre) within 24 hours. Moreover, the effect of the seeds could not alter the original pH of the tested water samples. The powder of M. oleifera leaves, bark and roots had no power to clear the turbidity of tested water samples.
Subject(s)
Decontamination , Water , MyanmarABSTRACT
A record analysis of all elderly patients admitted to YGH during 1985 to 1987 was done to determine the morbidity pattern of hospitalized elderly patients, aged 55 years and above. There was an average admission rate of 7000 patients per year constituting approximately 18 percent of all admissions. The mean duration of stay in hospital for each hospitalized person was approximately 19 to 21 days. The most common morbidity condition for admission to hospital according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) grouping is neoplasms in 18.9 percent of admissions, followed by diseases of the circulatory system in 18.7 percent and injuries or poisonings in 16.9 percent, digestive system diseases 12.8 percent, and other ill defined causes led to be 21.8 percent. The case fatality for hospitalized elderly is 12.8 percent for the three years. Implications of the study in planning for geriatric services are discussed.
Subject(s)
Aged , Hospitalization , Mortality , Morbidity , MyanmarABSTRACT
In Myanmar, over 38 percent of children in the age-group 5-9 years were never enrolled in school in 1990. Also, there is a lack of information on the comparative prevalence of malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis among school-enrolled and non-enrolled school-age children in Myanmar. We, therefore, undertook a cross-sectional survey comprising 3325 school children from 13 primary schools and 164 non-enrolled school-age children from neighbouring quarters in Tharkayta and Mingaladon townships of Yangon during December 1993. Height and weight of the children were measured and a total of 944 stool samples, including 148 non-enrolled children, were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. Expressing the nutritional status as standard deviation scores for weight-for-height, the prevalence of wasting among 5-10 years non-enrolled school-age children was 19.8 percent, while that for school children of similar age was 13.9 percent. In addition, non-enrolled school-age children had higher infection rates than school children regarding Ascaris Lumbricoides (66.9 percent vs 50.1 percent), Trichuris trichiura (38.5 percent vs 23.9 percent), and Giardia lamblia (5.4 percent vs 2.7 percent). The policy implication of this study is that health and nutritional status of non-enrolled school-age children needs to be promoted and this should be partly solved by the provision of regular and periodic mass chemotherapy against major intestinal parasitoses influencing nutritional status.