ABSTRACT
This study explored epidemiological trends in trichomoniasis in Daegu, South Korea. Wet mount microscopy, PCR, and multiplex PCR were used to test for Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab samples obtained from 621 women visiting 2 clinics in Daegu. Of the 621 women tested, microscopy detected T. vaginalis in 4 (0.6%) patients, PCR detected T. vaginalis in 19 (3.0%) patients, and multiplex PCR detected T. vaginalis in 12 (1.9%) patients. Testing via PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for T. vaginalis. Among the 19 women who tested positive for T. vaginalis according to PCR, 94.7% (18/19) reported vaginal signs and symptoms. Notably, more than 50% of T. vaginalis infections occurred in females younger than 30 years old, and 58% were unmarried. Multiplex PCR, which simultaneously detects pathogens from various sexually transmitted infections, revealed that 91.7% (11/12) of patients were infected with 2 or more pathogens. Mycoplasma hominis was the most prevalent co-infection pathogen with T. vaginalis, followed by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results indicate that PCR and multiplex PCR are the most sensitive tools for T. vaginalis diagnosis, rather than microscopy which has been routinely used to detect T. vaginalis infections in South Korea. Therefore, clinicians should take note of the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infections among adolescent and young women in order to prevent persistent infection and transmission of this disease.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Microscopy/standards , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trichomonas Infections/epidemiology , Trichomonas vaginalis/physiology , Vaginal Smears/standardsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty is not free from cement related complications. If an allograft is used as a filler, most of them can be averted. METHODS: Forty consecutive cases of osteoporotic vertebral fracture were divided into two groups by self-selection. The study and the control groups underwent vertebroplasty with fresh frozen allogeneic bone chips and bone cement, respectively. Clinical results were assessed at preoperation, postoperative day 1 and months 3, 6, and 12 by 10-grade visual analog scale (VAS), and radiological results were assessed at the same time by vertebral kyphotic angle (VKA) and local kyphotic angle (LKA). The results were compared within and between the groups. Survival function was analyzed. The criteria of an event were clinical or radiological deterioration versus pre-index surgery state. RESULTS: VAS was improved in the study group from 8.4 +/- 0.8 to 5.2 +/- 1.4, 6.4 +/- 1.2, 5.5 +/- 2.7, and 3.7 +/- 1.4 at postoperative day 1 and months 3, 6, and 12, respectively, and in the control group from 8.4 +/- 1.2 to 3.2 +/- 1.1, 3.2 +/- 1.7, 3.2 +/- 2.7, and 2.5 +/- 1.7, respectively (within group, p < 0.001; between groups, p < 0.001). VKA was improved in the study group from 18.9degrees +/- 8.0degrees to 15.2degrees +/- 6.1degrees (p = 0.046) and in the control group from 14.7degrees +/- 5.2degrees to 10.3degrees +/- 4.7degrees (p < 0.001) at postoperative day 1. LKA was not improved in the study group but was improved in the control group from 16.8degrees +/- 11.7degrees to 14.3degrees +/- 9.6degrees (p = 0.015). Correction angle was 2.7degrees +/- 4.6degrees, -7.9degrees +/- 5.3degrees, -7.2degrees +/- 5.2degrees, and -7.4degrees +/- 6.3degrees at postoperative day 1 and months 3, 6, and 12, respectively, in the study group and 4.3degrees +/- 3.7degrees, 0.7degrees +/- 3.6degrees, 0.7degrees +/- 4.2degrees, and 0.1degrees +/- 4.4degrees, respectively, in the control group. Correction loss was significant in both groups (p < 0.001) and more serious in the study group (p < 0.001). The 6-month survival rate was 16.7% in the study group and 64.3% in the control group (p = 0.003; odds ratio, 5.250). CONCLUSIONS: In treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, fresh frozen allogeneic bone chips are not recommendable as a filler for its worse results than bone cement.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Bone Cements/adverse effects , Bone Substitutes/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology , Pain Measurement , Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects , Vertebroplasty/adverse effectsABSTRACT
High tibial osteotomy is one of established methods in the treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity in younger patients. Infections after high tibial osteotomy are rare. Infection management is difficult, but there is no definitely standardized treatment. We report the case of infection after high tibial osteotomy that was treated clinically and radio-graphically with literature reviews.
Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Knee , Osteoarthritis, Knee , OsteotomyABSTRACT
Intramural implantation is among the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy.Since the first description by Perli, 21 cases were reported in worldwide literatures.The pathologic criteria required for intramural pregnancy is that the product of conception is completely surrounded by uterine musculature and is separated from the uterine cavity and the fallopian tube or round ligament.The previous history of uterine injury or adenomyosis is known as possible etiology of intramural implantation. Because the early diagnosis is very difficult, most cases is found after onset of complication such as a uterine rupture or hemoperitoneum. We have recently experienced a case of intramural pregnancy diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy in a 9 weeks gestation nulliparous woman without previous history of uterine injury or disease, and report with a brief review of literatures.