ABSTRACT
Keloids are benign cutaneous lesions that result from excessive collagen synthesis and deposition. Earlobe keloids are commonly seen as a complication of earlobe piercing and infection. Many different treatment modalities are available; however, therapeutic results are often unsatisfactory. Cryosurgery either used as monotherapy or in combination has been used successfully. However, keloids may require multiple sessions to achieve significant improvement and have a high rate of recurrence. Compared to conventional cryosurgery, intralesional cryosurgery has advantages of proper freezing of the deep layer of the lesion and a less harmful effect on the superficial layers. Herein, we present three cases of earlobe keloid effectively treated with intralesional cryosurgery.
Subject(s)
Collagen , Cryosurgery , Freezing , Keloid , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Striatum plays a crucial role in the movement control and habitual learning. It receives an information from wide area of cerebral cortex as well as an extensive serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) input from raphe nuclei. In the present study, the effects of 5-HT to modulate synaptic transmission were studied in the rat corticostriatal brain slice using in vitro extracellular recording technique. Synaptic responses were evoked by stimulation of cortical glutamatergic inputs on the corpus callosum and recorded in the dorsal striatum. 5-HT reversibly inhibited coticostriatal glutamatergic synaptic transmission in a dose-dependent fashion (5, 10, 50, and 100 microM), maximally reducing in the corticostriatal population spike (PS) amplitude to 40.1+/-5.0% at a concentration of 50 microM 5-HT. PSs mediated by non-NMDA glutamate receptors, which were isolated by bath application of the NMDA receptor antagonist, d, l-2-amino-5-phospohonovaleric acid (AP-V), were decreased by application of 50 microM 5-HT. However, PSs mediated by NMDA receptors, that were activated by application of zero Mg2+ aCSF, were not significantly affected by 50 microM 5-HT. To test whether the corticostriatal synaptic inhibitions by 5-HT might involve a change in the probability of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals, we measured the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) evoked by 2 identical pulses (50 ms interpulse interval), and found that PPR was increased (33.4+/-5.2%) by 5-HT, reflecting decreased neurotransmitter releasing probability. These results suggest that 5-HT may decrease neurotransmitter release probability of glutamatergic corticostriatal synapse and may be able to selectively decrease non-NMDA glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Baths , Brain , Cerebral Cortex , Corpus Callosum , Depression , Glutamic Acid , Learning , N-Methylaspartate , Neurotransmitter Agents , Raphe Nuclei , Receptors, Glutamate , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , Serotonin , Synapses , Synaptic TransmissionABSTRACT
Repeated nasal flare is a condition that one repeatedly dilates one's nostrils unconsciously. It is not pathogenic, however, may be a cosmetic problem. This is caused by excessive activities of the alar part of nasalis. We, herein, report a successfully treated case with the botulinum toxin A.
Subject(s)
Botulinum ToxinsABSTRACT
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a newly recognized entity of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma. Histologically, it is very difficult to differentiate LCNEC from other pulmonary carcinomas and the prognosis is significantly poor. The cutaneous metastasis of LCNEC of the lung shares some features with Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin in light microscopy and yet it is negatively stained with cytokeratin 20. We report a case of cutaneous metastasis of LCNEC of the lung, previously misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Our patient showed a poor response to the chemotherapy and also revealed a brain metastasis on follow-up brain CT scan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Carcinoma, Merkel Cell , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Drug Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Keratin-20 , Lung , Microscopy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prognosis , Skin , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUNDS: An inhibitory effect of magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (VC-PMG, a stable derivative of ascorbic acid) on melanogenesis has been described. Furthermore, glabridin in licorice is known to have inhibitory effects on melanogenesis and widely used for raw materials for depigmenting agents. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study are to provide objective data by measuring the visual clinical effects of VC-PMG with the colorimeter and to promote the development of de-pigmenting agents. METHODS: 20 volunteers joined the study. With an artificial UVB irradiation, eight tanned areas were made on the inner side of the forearm. During two months, each tanned area was treated with five whitening cosmetics with 3% VC-PMG and increasing concentration of licorice from 0% to 3%. Darkness degree of each area was measured weekly by the colorimeter and the visual assessment. RESULTS: For all cosmetics, whitening effect was measured by colorimeter and visual as-sessment. The cosmetic containing VC-PMG 3% and licorice 1% had more whitening effect than any other cosmetics of different concentrations. Moreover, VC-PMG 3% alone also had whitening effect in some volunteers. CONCLUSION: VC-PMG was clinically found to have whitening effect.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid , Darkness , Forearm , Glycyrrhiza , Magnesium , Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl , Vitamins , VolunteersABSTRACT
Buschke-Lowenstein tumor is a rare disease in the category of designated as verrucous carcinoma characterized by its invasive downward penetration of underlying tissues in the perineum and perianal regions. Viruses, unclean sanitation and cytotoxic immune reaction have been proposed as the etiology of the tumor. However, among all the causes, recent studies have emphasized on the associaton of the tumor and human papilloma virus (HPV). Expecially, HPV also has been discovered in several cutaneous and anogenital lesions of solid organ transplant recipients. We herein report a case of Buschke-Lowenstein tumor in a renal transplant recipient with HPV 6 and 16 coinfection proved by HPV genotyping of DNA extracted from the biopsy specimen of the tumor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor , Carcinoma, Verrucous , Coinfection , DNA , Human papillomavirus 6 , Papilloma , Perineum , Rare Diseases , Sanitation , Transplantation , TransplantsABSTRACT
A case of microvenular hemangioma in a 38-year-old female is described. The patient presented with a slowly growing, solitary reddish nodule on Lt. posterior thigh, which measured 1x1 cm. Histologically, the tumor was an infiltrative growth throughout the dermis. It consisted of thin-walled, small sized, irregularly branched vessels. The vascular lumina were narrow. The flattened endothelial cells had oval to spindle-shaped nuclei and scant cytoplasm that were immunohistochemically positive for factor VIII-related antigen and smooth muscle actin. The tumor cells lacked cellular atypia, pleomorphism, and mitotic figures. We diagnosed this case as microvenular hemangioma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Actins , Cytoplasm , Dermis , Endothelial Cells , Hemangioma , Muscle, Smooth , Thigh , von Willebrand FactorABSTRACT
Multiple Cutaneous neurofibromas are the most common skin manifestation of Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis(NF-1). The CO2 laser is presented as a useful tool for the removal of large numbers of small- or medium-sized cutaneous neurofibromas. Its advantages include high patient satisfaction with the rapid removal of hundreds of neurofibromas, with minimal morbidity and an enhanced appearance. We report a case of multiple cutaneous neurofibromas treated by CO2 laser in a 40 year-old man whom we eliminated 288 cutaneous neurofibromas out of 788 in total. After 3 months of follow up, the lesions were healed with slight erythemas and minimal scars.