Three Cases of Leber's Hereditary Optic Atrophy in One Family

The authors have experienced with three cases of Leber's hereditary optic atrophy one family which is a relatively rare condition characterized by acute or subacute failrure of central vision presenting as a retrobulbar neuritis or optic atrophy typically inypung males in late teens or in the early twenties, though the age range is very wide. The literature relating to Leber's hereditary optic atrophy was briefly reviewed.

The Study of the Oculocardiac Reflex

Ophthalmologists now realize the importance of the oculocardiac reflex from ocular manipulation. The occurrence of cardiac disturbances has been recognized since 1908. Several authors have believed the mechanisms of the reflex affecting the pulse rate. the conduction system and myocardial contractibility of the heart. For the purpose of the recognition of this reflex, authors performed ocular compression and muscle traction after atropine injection or retrobulbar anesthesia in 135 persons. The results were noted that the reflex is blocked by intravenous atropine injection or retrobular anesthesia. while not by subconjunctival anesthesia or intramuscular atropine injection.

A Case of Oculodentodigital Dysplasia

A case, 21 years old male, of Oculodentodigital dysplasia characterized with microphthalmia, micrccornea, parrot beak nose, dental anormalies, hypotrichosis and syndactyly. A brief review of literature is described.

A Case of Electric Cataract

The patient was a 25 years old korean officer who visited our hospital, because of visual disturbance on the right eye after having received the lightening stroke on the right of his head I year ago. At the time of admisson. his visual acuity was 0.06 (OD) and 1.3 (OS). Lenticular changes revealed radiating linear opacities in the anterior capsule and irregular shaped dark brownish opacities in the posterior subcapsule. The extracapsular lens extraction waS performed for the right eye and obtained visual acuity of 0.7 (sph + 10.0D) two weeks later.

A Case of Metastatic Endophthalmitis Accompanied by Septicemia

In the environment we live, there are myriad numbers of infective organisms which are virulent or not. If eyes are exposed to them eyes may be inflammed. Eye is sensitive to inflammation as it differ from other organs anatomically and physiologically. Since metastatic endophthalmitis had been noted at first by Virchow in 1856, large numbers of eye became blind on the diagnosis of this disease. But as antibiotics were developed, it has been thought to be cured. Authors report here a case of endophthalmitis accompanied by septicemia. Patient was cured completely without any visual hinderance.

A Case of Madan's Syndrome

Marfan's syndrome is another name of arachnodactyly and was firstly noted by Marfan in 1896. Salle found that ocular signs are also accompanied by this syndrome. Since then, many cases of this syndrome have been reported even in this country. The etiology of this syndrome is not exactly classified but is thought as an hereditorical and general developemental abnormalities of mesodermal origin. Authors report here a case of this syndrome in which ectopia lentis, lens opacity, organization of vitreous and iridodonesis are present.

Ocular Diseases of the Newborn Infants, Especially for the Ophthalmia Neonatrum

We had analyzed statistically 799 infants under one year old of age from Jan. 1, 1972 to Aug. 31, 1976. And we also compared ok above infants with the 51 cases of ophthalmia neonatrum. The results that we obtained were as below: 1. The highest causative organism for the ophthalmia neonatrum is Gonococcus (65.2%) and Staphylococcus is the next in order. 2. 42 patients (82.4%) had never taken any postnatal care including Crede's method. 3. All babies were born by vaginal delivery method in ophthalmia neonatrum. 4. Corneal perforation had occured in one patient due to ophthalmia neonatrum. 5. The annual increment of ophthalmia neonaturum was not distinct due to Chi square test, but sudden increment was noticed in 1976 without any special factot.

Syndrome of nonsyphilitic Interstitial Keratitis and Vestibulcauditory symptoms: Cogan's Syndrome

The syndrome of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis associated with vestibulcauditory symptoms (tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus and progressive deafness) was described by Dr. Cogan in 1945. Since then, numerous cases of this clinical entity have been reported elsewhere in the world. Recently the author experienced one case of Cogan's syndrome in our ophthalmologic OPD for the first time in Korea. The 45 years old male patient, looking very well on gross appearance, was admitted to ENT ward with sudden onset of vertigo, tinnitus and progressive deafness under the diagnosis of Meniere's disease on May 14,1976. Two month later, on July 6, 1976, the visual acuity in his left eye had suddenly deteriorated from 1.2 to 0.6. Under the slit lamp microscopic examination, mild infiltration in the corneal stroma and almost total pcsterior synechia were detected, and a few inflammatory cells were found in anterior chamber but not observed agueous flares. Several fine keratic precipitates were adhered on the lower one half of the posterior corneal surface as a linear apperance. The patient was treated by local instillation of 1% Atropine, 10% Phenylephrine and 3%. Dexamethasone, and also 1% Depomedrol was injected subconjunctivally. Oral administration of Dexamethasone, Vitamine B complex, INH and Chloramphenicol were combined. Thereafter those ocular symptoms had gradually improved, and recently his visual acuity has recovered to normal level (OS 1.2). The vestibuloauditory symptoms just as tinnitus and vertigo were also disappeared, where as moderate deafness has been still remained.

Neuromyelitis Optica: Devic's Disease

Sudden and complete binocular visual loss in a healthy young person is undoubtedly a major catastrophe to the patient. In our department of ophthamology we experienced a case of neuromyelitis optica on Apr. 1, 1976. Two months before admission he had common cold like symptoms and 7 days after that a paresthesia below the 5th thoracic level and paraplegia of his both lower legs associated with urinary incontinence and deficaticn difficulty were found. On Apr. 1, 1976. he had sudden bilateral visual loss down to HM/10cm. In fundus examination marked venous engorgement and blurred disc margin with elevation of disc were found. In his right eye optic atrophy, previousely existed, was found. As soon as he admitted in the ophthalmology ward medications of prednisolone, vitamin-B, kimotab, INH, per oral were administered. 4 days after medical treatment his visual acuity seemed to be improved. The symptoms of acute myelitis were also improved. At the time of discharge his left vision was 0.6 and the right vision FC/30cm. He has not visited ophthalmology department since then, so, no more follow up examination was possible.

An Experimental Stuiy on the Effect of Oxygen on Retinal Dysplasia in the Rat

Retinal dysplasia refers to a generally nonspecific lesion resulting from interference with the normal histogenesis of the developing retina. An earlier review of the pathogenesis of retinal dysplasia indicated that this lesion might re.sult from a wide variety of etiologic causes, including congenital retinal fold or chromosOJn;ai1 abnormality asaociated with generalized anomaly such as 13-15 trisomy syndrome etc. Recently, Ulany experimental retinal dysplasias have been induced by viral infection, irradiation or intrauterine mechanical damage. The single pathogenetic basis of retinal dysplasia appears to be associated with separation of t-the retina, during a critical stage of differentiation, from its underlying pigment epithelium which play an important role to transport nutrition and oxygen from choroid to outer retinal layers. In this experiment, authors aspirated lens material as much as possible at 5 days after birth, and administrated oxygen for 5 days in group I, 10 days in group 2 and 15 days in group 3 except for control group. Retinal dysplasias were developed in all instances, but noted lesser incidence of dysplastic formation in group 3 as compared with control or group 1 in which round and oval shaped rosettes, irregular infoldings, indifferentiated cell masses and separation of the developing retina from its normal relationship to the pigment epithelium were observed microscopically. The shape and origin of rosette in retinal dysplasia appeared to similar that of retinoblastoma in morphology.

A Case of Acute Optic Neuritis following Scarlet Fever

Authors experienced a case of acute optic neuritis, 12 years old female patient, following scarlet fever which is rare among bacterial origin in ophthalmological aspects. On the first day of admission, the visual acuities of 0.04(N.C.) in right eye and 0.2 (N.C.) in left eye, blurring of disc margins (OU), central scotoma (OD), and high antistreptolysin O titer (A.S.T.O.) were noted. After bed rest and medical treatment with corticosteroid, penicillin, and vitamin B12 for two and a half months, the visual acuities and antistreptolysin O titer were recovered completely.

A Case of Acute Optic Neuritis following Scarlet Fever

Authors experienced a case of acute optic neuritis, 12 years old female patient, following scarlet fever which is rare among bacterial origin in ophthalmological aspects. On the first day of admission, the visual acuities of 0.04(N.C.) in right eye and 0.2 (N.C.) in left eye, blurring of disc margins (OU), central scotoma (OD), and high antistreptolysin O titer (A.S.T.O.) were noted. After bed rest and medical treatment with corticosteroid, penicillin, and vitamin B12 for two and a half months, the visual acuities and antistreptolysin O titer were recovered completely.

The Clinical Survey of the Strabismus in Children

The authors studied the strabiEmus of 50 cases in children under six years of age. A total of 50 cases were screened in out patient department from April 1972 to July 1973. The results are as followings: Among them, 28 cases of exotropia, 18 cases of exotropia and 4 cases of hypertropia were observed. Generally, there were more female than male. According to the refractive status, there were more hypertropia among esotropia and more myopia among exotropia. There were only 3 cases those visual acuity were below 0.1 and the remainder were above 0.1. According to the age, there were 11 cases under the 2 yrs of age, 15 cases in the age 3 yrs to 4 yrs and 20 cases over 6 yrs. The onset of 36 cases were so incidious that were unknown and those of 8 cases were gradual. The strabismus were markedly detected under the 1 year of age (26 cases) and 31 cases were alternating type and 15 cases were monocular. And it \vas interesting fact that 19 cases were first child.

The Clinical Survey of the Ocular Injuries by Traffic Accidents

Authors analysed clinically 44 patients (57 eyes) of the ocular injuries by traffic accidents among 333 In-patients who admitted to Han Gang Sacred Heart Hospital from Jan. 1972 to June 1974. 1. The incidence of ocular injuries by traffic accidens was 13.2% of all admitted patients. 2. Male (64%) was two times as much as female among the patients and they were m03tly belong to 2nd and 3rd decade. 3. The incidence of site was 41% in left eye. 4. The seasonal distribution showed that 48% of traffic accidents occurred in spring. 5. External ocular injuries; laceration or ecchymosis of lid, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and corneal laceration, were predominant (52%). 6. Ocular injuries which were combined with head trauma or facial laceration were 64% and 19% in single ocular injury. 7. The visual acuity of lower than 0.1 was 29.5% of all injured eyes.