Dna quantities and qualities from various stages of some trematodes using optical and HAT-RAPD methods.

The aim of this experiment was to minimize DNA quantity and quality for detection by optical (spectrophotometer at 260 nm and 280 nm) and HAT-RAPD methods. Total DNA from different stages, adult, metacercaria and eggs of 6 trematode species were isolated for analysis. In this experiment, the adult trematodes were classified into 3 groups by size: small, Haplorchis taichui and Stellantchasmus falcatus; medium, Opisthorchis viverrini and Ganeo tigrinus; and large, Paramphistomum epiclitum and Fischoederius elongatus. The adult minimal DNA quantities and qualities of all specimen samples detected by optical method were 97.22,72.28, 3,167.00, 1,490.62, 21,382.66, and 27,321.77 ng; eggs were 3.92, 3.57, 3.72, 6.23, 17.53, and 14.01 ng, respectively; and metacercarial stages 50.70 and 40.98 ng in H. taichui and S. falcatus. In addition, the HAT-RAPD technique was chosen to amplify the minimal DNA qualities and quantities of all trematode specimens. Total DNA was 1-1 x 10(-12) ng; DNA templates in each dilution were used for amplification by primer OPA-09. DNA concentrations ranging between 1 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-11) ng were amplified with high polymorphism. Our experiment concluded that only a single specimen of each egg, metacercaria, or adult stage could be amplified with distinct bands.

Some factors affecting Stellantchasmus falcatus metacercaria in laboratory.

Killing factors, various temperatures and solutions were studied in the laboratory on Stellantchasmus falcatus metacercaria in half-beaked fish (Dermogenus pusillus). Killing criteria followed the Movability Index from 1.000 within 24 hours. The metacercariae were collected from Chiang Mai moat. They were incubated in 0.85 % NaCl at -20 degrees C, room temperature, 4 degrees, 37 degrees, and 65 degrees C. The in vitro investigation showed that at -20 degrees C and 65 degrees C, the worms were killed within 18 and 2 hours, respectively, while other temperatures produced no effect. The solutions investigated were NaCl (10, 20, 30, and 40%), lemon juice (25, 50, 75, and 100%), acetic acid (5, 10, 20, and 30%), vinegar (1, 3, and 5%) and water as a control. The worms were killed in NaCl at 20, 30, and 40% within 12, 6, and 2 hours, respectively. Acetic acid at 5% and 10% killed the metacercaria within 12 and 6 hours while at 20% and 30%, within 2 hours. The killing effect of 3% vinegar was found within 18 hours and of 5% vinegar within 12 hours. Lemon juice showed no killing effect.

In vitro effects of aqueous extract from Artocarpus takoocha Roxb on tegumental surface of Haplorchis taichui.

The tegumental surface of the adult intestinal fluke, Haplorchis taichui, after in vitro incubation in Tyrode's solution containing 25, 50, 75 and 100% of aqueous extract of Artocarpus takoocha for 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours, was monitored by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effect on worm motility was studied in contemporizing period. The adult worms stopped their motility immediately after being incubated with 25, 50, 75 and 100% of aqueous extract of A. takoocha. Observed under a light microscope, most worms showed bubbling from the oral sucker, ventral sucker and excretory pore. After exposure to the solution, SEM observation showed large blebs protruding from the oral sucker, ventral sucker and excretory pore. The surface damage was composed of numerous small blebs, followed later by the disruption of tegument. The severity of damage increased due to the increasing of aqueous extract of A. takoocha and incubation periods.