Independent prognostic value of the congestion and renal index in patients with acute heart failure / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Clinical outcomes are poor if patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are discharged with residual congestion in the presence of renal dysfunction. However, there is no single indication to reflect the combined effects of the two related pathophysiological processes. We, therefore, proposed an indicator, congestion and renal index (CRI), and examined the associations between the CRI and one-year outcomes and the incremental prognostic value of CRI compared with the established scoring systems in a multicenter prospective cohort of AHF.@*METHODS@#We enrolled AHF patients and calculated the ratio of thoracic fluid content index divided by estimated glomerular filtration rate before discharge, as CRI. Then we examined the associations between CRI and one-year outcomes.@*RESULTS@#A total of 944 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 63.3 ± 13.8 years, 39.3% women). Compared with patients with CRI ≤ 0.59 mL/min per kΩ, those with CRI > 0.59 mL/min per kΩ had higher risks of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization (HR = 1.56 [1.13-2.15]) and all-cause death or all-cause hospitalization (HR = 1.33 [1.01-1.74]). CRI had an incremental prognostic value compared with the established scoring system.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In patients with AHF, CRI is independently associated with the risk of death or hospitalization within one year, and improves the risk stratification of the established risk models.

Analysis of risk factors for hemorrhage in patients with acute poisoning treated with hemoperfusion / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical characterist ics and risk factors of hemorrhage complicated by hemoperfusion therapy in patients with acute poisoning. Methods: In January 2021, the clinical data of 196 patients with acute poisoning who received hemoperfusion therapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed, and the patients were divided into bleeding group and non-bleeding group according to whether the patients were complicated with bleeding. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for hemorrhage in patients treated with hemoperfusion. Results: A total of 21 patients in the bleeding group and 175 patients in the non-bleeding group were included. There was no significant difference in general data such as gender, age, and body mass index between the two groups (P>0.05) . Organophosphorus pesticides (χ(2)= 4.56, P=0.030) , HA230 perfusion device (χ(2)=4.12, P=0.042) , platelet count (t=-2.33, P=0.009) and activated partial thromboplastin time (t=14.53, P<0.001) at 2 h of perfusion were the influencing factors of hemorrhage in patients with acute poisoning treated with hemoperfusion. Among them, organophosphorus pesticides, 2 h perfusion activated partial thromboplastin time ≥35 s and other factors were independent risk factors forcomplicated bleeding (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Patients with acute poisoning, especially organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, are at greater risk of bleeding during hemoperfusion therapy. Monitoring of changes in activated partial thromboplastin time should be strengthened and the dose of anticoagulants should be adjusted in time to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Survey on deep learning for pulmonary medical imaging / 医学前沿

As a promising method in artificial intelligence, deep learning has been proven successful in several domains ranging from acoustics and images to natural language processing. With medical imaging becoming an important part of disease screening and diagnosis, deep learning-based approaches have emerged as powerful techniques in medical image areas. In this process, feature representations are learned directly and automatically from data, leading to remarkable breakthroughs in the medical field. Deep learning has been widely applied in medical imaging for improved image analysis. This paper reviews the major deep learning techniques in this time of rapid evolution and summarizes some of its key contributions and state-of-the-art outcomes. The topics include classification, detection, and segmentation tasks on medical image analysis with respect to pulmonary medical images, datasets, and benchmarks. A comprehensive overview of these methods implemented on various lung diseases consisting of pulmonary nodule diseases, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and interstitial lung disease is also provided. Lastly, the application of deep learning techniques to the medical image and an analysis of their future challenges and potential directions are discussed.

Gait Assessment of Pain and Analgesics: Comparison of the DigiGait™ and CatWalk™ Gait Imaging Systems / 神经科学通报·英文版

Investigation of pain requires measurements of nociceptive sensitivity and other pain-related behaviors. Recent studies have indicated the superiority of gait analysis over traditional evaluations (e.g., skin sensitivity and sciatic function index [SFI]) in detecting subtle improvements and deteriorations in animal models. Here, pain-related gait parameters, whose criteria include (1) alteration in pain models, (2) correlation with nociceptive threshold, and (3) normalization by analgesics, were identified in representative models of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury: coordination data) and inflammatory pain (intraplantar complete Freund's adjuvant: both coordination and intensity data) in the DigiGait™ and CatWalk™ systems. DigiGait™ had advantages in fixed speed (controlled by treadmill) and dynamic SFI, while CatWalk™ excelled in intrinsic velocity, intensity data, and high-quality 3D images. Insights into the applicability of each system may provide guidance for selecting the appropriate gait imaging system for different animal models and optimization for future pain research.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Local Drug Resistance Spectrum Antibiotics and Foreign Guideline on Community Acquired Pneumonia / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics and foreign guideline in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia(CAP). Methods A prospective,randomized,single blind,and positive drug parallel controlled design was used in the treatment. CAP patients with no underlying disease outpatients and inpatients<48 hours were selected as the research object. The patients in the trial group were given sensitive local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics: moxifloxacin,400 mg and 1 times a day. The patients in the control group were given azithromycin tablets(each 500 mg,once daily) promulgated by the 2007 version of the IDSA / ATS adult CAP guideline. Results There were 106 cases of CAP patients,of which 77 cases completed treatment,including 39 cases in the experimental group and 38 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rate between the two groups,with the clinical efficacy of 89.7% and 68.4%(P < 0.01),the bacterial clearance rate of 87.9% and 54.5%(P < 0.05),respectively. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of drug resistant spectrum sensitive antibiotics in the treatment of CAP in Kunming was better than that of IDSA/ATS. Clinicians should pay attention to the characteristics and composition of resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our country during the study and reference from foreign guideline,and adjust the therapeutic regimen according to the changes of the local drug resistance monitoring data rather than copy the recommended treatment plan by foreign countries.

Comparative analysis on drug-resistant bacterial distribution and drug resistance characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection in different regions of respiratory department / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the distribution and constituent of drug‐resistant bacteria of lower respiratory tract in‐fection among different regions (outpatient department ,wards ,RICU) to provide the basis for the clinical reasonable application of antimicrobial agents .Methods The K‐B disc diffusion method and the instrument method (VITEK‐TWO) were adopted and the detection results were interpreted according to the standards of CLSI 2010 .The detection data of 480 drug‐resistant strains isolated from the sputum ,branchoalveolar lavage fluid samples submitted in 3 regions of respiratory outpatients department by bacterial cul‐ture identification and drug susceptibility test were analyzed by using the WHONET5 .6 statistical software .Results The distribu‐tion and constituent of drug‐resistant bacteria of lower respiratory tract infection had obvious difference among 3 different regions . The top 4 of drug resistant bacteria were dominated by Gram‐negative bacteria .The drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in RICU was higher than that in the respiratory outpatients department and wards(P<0 .05) ,the resistance rate in the respiratory outpatients department ,wards and RICU to commonly used antibacterial drugs was similar;the multiple drug resistance of ESBLs‐producing strains was obviously higher than that of non‐ESBLs‐producing strains (P<0 .05) .Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintained the higher antibacterial activity to quinolone ,aminoglucosides ,cefepime ,imipenem ,cefoperazone/sulbactam ,and piperacillin/tazobactam ,but the resistance rate in RICU was significantly higher that in the respiratory outpatient department and wards (P<0 .05);the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumanii in the respiratory wards and RICU was higher than that in the respiratory out‐patient department ,the resistances to imipenem were 64 .6% and 70 .4% respectively .The resistance of MRSA to rifampin in RICU was higher than that in the respiratory outpatient department and wards(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The distribution constituent and drug‐resistance rates have obvious differences among the respiratory outpatient department ,wards and RICU .Except being familiar with the drug resitant bacterial distribution and drug resistance rate monitoring situation ,clinical doctors should grasp the drug re‐sistance situation of drug resistant bacteria among different areas in various departments of own unit in order to rationally and effec‐tively use antibacterial drugs .

Study on Pharmacokinetics of Paeoniflorin and Phillyrin from Qianliean Granules in Rats in vivo / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determining the plasma concentration of paeoniflorin and phillyrin and phar-macokinetic study before and after intragastric administration of Qianliean granules. METHODS:LC-MS/MS method was adopted. The column was Waters C18 with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A)-2 mmol/L ammonium acetate(containing 0.05% formic acid)(B)(0-9 min:15%A→50%A;9-11 min:50%A→90%A;11-17 min:90%A;17-19 min:90%A→15%A;19-20 min:15%A),at the flow rate of 0.6 ml/min;column temperature was 35 ℃ and the volume was 20 μl;quantitative ions were paeoniflorin m/z 525.2 → m/z 449.0,phillyrin m/z 552.3 → m/z 355.3. 7 SD male rats were docked to collect blood 0.5 ml from angular vein 0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,24 h after administration Qianliean granule solution 1 g(medicinal materials)/kg to determine the blood concentration of drugs. DAS 2.1.1 software was employed to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. RE-SULTS:The linear range of paeoniflorin and phillyri were 5.0-2500.0 μg/L(r=0.9979)and 2.0-2000.0 μg/L(r=0.9982),re-spectively;RSD of precision test was less than 5.5%(n=5);the method recovery were 96.0%-104.0% and 92.0%-107.0%,the extration recovery were 71.4%-83.5% and 81.5%-92.3% and RSD of stability test was less than 5.0%(n=3). The pharmacokinet-ic parameters of paeoniflorin and phillyrin were as follows as t1/2 of (2.206 ± 0.631) and (1.355 ± 0.317) h;cmax of (1504.069 ± 620.885) and (79.043 ± 15.568)μg/L;tmax of (1.000 ± 0.250) and (1.214 ± 0.267) h;AUC0-24 h of (4897.645 ± 2207.577) and (263.475±54.795)μg·h/L;CL of(5.025±2.773)and(76.253±13.986)L/(h·kg). CONCLUSIONS:The method is highly sensi-tive,exclusive,simple,accurate and reliable,and can be applied to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of paeoniflorin and phillyrin in rats in vivo.

Comparison of protective effects of safflor injection and extract of Ginkgo biloba on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effects of safflor Injection (SI) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vivo rabbit model of LIRI was reconstructed. Forty rabbits were randomly and equally divided into four groups: sham-operation group (sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (model group), ischemia-reperfusion plus SI group (safflor group) and ischemia-reperfusion plus EGB injection group (EGB group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in serum were measured. The wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissue and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also tested. Ultrastructure change of the lung tissue was observed by the electron microscope. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the model group, MDA and XO increased and SOD decreased in serum compared with the sham group (P<0.01). The values of W/D, MPO and ICAM-1 of the model group were higher than those of the sham group (P<0.01), but those of the safflor group and EGB group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01). The IHC demonstrated that ICAM-1 expression in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than those of the safflor group (P<0.01). Compared with safflor group, in the EGB group MDA, XO, MPO decreased, SOD and ICAM-1 expression increased (P<0.05), but the change of W/D was not statistically significant (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SI and EGB may attenuate LIRI through antioxidation, inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. But EGB had more effect on the antioxidation, while SI did better on regulating ICAM-1 expression.</p>

MR Perfusion-weighted Imaging with CO2 Inhalation Stress Test in Assessment of Cerebrovascular Reserve in Severe Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis or Occlusion / 中国医学影像学杂志

PurposeAlteration of the regional cerebral flow and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) caused by cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion is an essential risk factor for ischemic stroke. This study aims to assess the CVR in patients with severe middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis or occlusion by using MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) with CO2 inhalation stress test. Materials and MethodsPWI were performed before and after CO2 inhalation stress on 28 patients with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion and 10 healthy volunteers. The regions of interest (ROI) were put on the affected hemisphere of the MCA blood supply area and the contralateral side in both groups. The relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative mean transit time (rMTT), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and CVR were measured.Results① The rCBV, rCBF and rMTT of the affected side were 149.16±33.01, 18.04±5.24, 8.65±1.81 before CO2 inhalation stress, and 156.23±21.60, 23.77±8.77, 8.72±3.01 after CO2 inhalation stress. The rCBV, rCBF and rMTT were signiifcantly increased (t=1.238, 2.561 and 2.647, P<0.05) after CO2 inhalation stress. The rCBV, rCBF and rMTT of the contralateral side were 176.22±40.12, 22.43±5.74, 8.10±3.71 before CO2 inhalation stress, and 198.54±39.87, 27.64±7.22, 8.03±2.97 after CO2 inhalation. The rCBV, rCBF was significantly increased (t=1.780 and 1.665,P<0.05) while rMTT was signiifcantly decreased (t=2.871,P<0.05) after CO2 inhalation.②The CVR of the affected side, contralateral side and control group were 18.9%, 26.8%, and 39.1%, respectively. There were significantly differences (t=1.604, 2.321 and 1.874,P<0.05) between the affected and contralateral side, the affected side and control group, the contralateral side and control group.ConclusionPWI with CO2 inhalation stress test is valuable in assessing the cerebrovascular reserve in patients with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.

"Effectiveness of ""Four in one"" nutritional management mode in treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children" / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness offour in onenutrition management mode in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children. Methods Ninety children diagnosed with T1DM in Tianjin Children's Hospital were selected during March 2011 to June 2013. Segmented balanced random method was used to generate a random number timer, and the children were divided into intervention group and control group (n=45) by random letters. The patients in the intervention group were treated withFour in one nutrition management. Those in the control group were treated with traditional nutrition education method. Observation period was one year. The change of food choices of the parents was assessed before and after the intervention. Nutritional treatment compliance of children,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 hours postpransial glucose (2 hPG),and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and complications, and so on were also evaluated. Results One year after intervention, the percentages of parents who chose low glycemic index food (41/45), vegetables and fruits consumed every day (40/45), often ate soy products(41/45), did not drunk carbonated drinks (43/45) of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group (24/45, 20/45, 19/45, 26/45, P all<0.001);diet treatment compliance of children in treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P=0.000 2);FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c of two groups of children decreased significantly than before. FPG[(8.11 ± 2.82) mmol/L], 2 hPG [(12.82 ± 1.05) mmol/L], HbA1c [(6.10±0.93)%] of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group [(11.71± 2.75) mmol/L, (13.77±1.49) mmol/L, (9.02±0.93)%;t=6.13, 1.66, 14.89;P<0.001 for all comparisons]. After treatment, 14 cases of treatment group had acute ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia , while 39 cases of control group had these complications (P=0.000 00). Readmission occurred in 11 cases of treatment group and 33 of the control group (P=0.000 00). Conclusions Four in onenutrition management mode was effective in the management of children with T1DM.

Effect of rice oil on secretory immunoglobulin A content in feces and disease outcome in children with acute diarrhea / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To study the effect of rice oil on secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in feces and disease outcome in children with acute diarrhea.Methods We selected 180 children with acute diarrhea hospitalized in Tianjin Children's Hospital during the period from January 2013 to October 2014.They were randomly divided with a random number table into rice oil group,montmorillonite powder group and control group (all n =60).The effect of treatment,duration before subsiding of diarrhea and vomit,length of hospital stay and sIgA content in feces before and after treatment were analyzed.Results The total effective rates in the rice oil group and the montmorillonite powder group (93.3％,96.7％) were significantly higher than that in the control group (76.7％,P =0.011,P =0.001).Length of hospital stay,duration before subsiding of diarrhea and vomit in the rice oil group and the montmorillonite powder group were significantly shorter than those in the control group[(5.6±1.4) d,(5.7±1.6) d vs.(6.9±1.8) d;(3.7±0.9) d,(3.5±0.9) d vs.(5.4±1.2) d;(2.8 ± 0.6) d,(3.2 ± 0.8) d vs.(5.1 ± 0.8) d;all P =0.000].The total effective rates,length of hospital stay,duration before subsiding of diarrhea showed no statistically significant differences between the rice oil group and the montmorillonite powder group (P =0.402,0.716,0.226),but the duration before subsiding of vomit in the rice oil group was significantly shorter than that in the montmorillonite powder group (P =0.016).Before treatment,the sIgA contents in feces in the control group,the montmorillonite powder group,the rice oil group were 0.527 ± 0.133,0.487 ± 0.109,0.534 ± 0.150,with no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Two days after treatment,sIgA contents in the rice oil group and the montmorillonite powder group (0.669 ±0.176,0.612 ± 0.161) were significantly higher than in the control group (0.541 ±0.149,P =0.000,0.014).There was no significant difference between the montmorillonite powder group and the rice oil group (P =0.067).Four days after treatment,sIgA content in the montmorillonite powder group (1.981 ±0.462) was significantly higher than in the control group (1.762 ±0.378,P =0.005),while sIgA content in the rice oil group (2.331 ± 0.494) was significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (P =0.000).Compared with the levels before treatment,sIgA content 2 days after treatment was not significantly changed in the control group (P =0.295),but was significantly elevated in the montmorillonite powder group and the rice oil group (both P =0.000).sIgA contents of all the three groups 4 days after treatment were significantly higher than the contents 2 days after treatment (all P =0.000).Conclusion The effect of rice oil on acute diarrhea in children is as same as that of montmorillonite powder,and may be better in mitigating vomit and promoting the secretion of intestinal sIgA.

Clinical observation of early feeding tolerance to amino acid-based formula combined with rice oil in children with persistent diarrhea induced by cow's milk protein allergy / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of amino acid-based formulae (AAF) combined with rice oil in treating children with persistent diarrhea caused by cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA).Methods We selected 60 infants (6-12 months) with CMPA-induced persistent diarrhea treated in Tianjin Children's Hospital between April 2011 and December 2013 and divided them into control group (n =30) and observation group (n =30) with a random number table.The control group was given AAF treatment,while the observation group was given the combination treatment of AAF + rice oil The two groups were compared in terms of treatment efficiency,period before improvement of stools,antidiarrheal time,early adverse reactions (vomit,abdominal distension),and the period before disappearance of systemic symptoms (frequent crying).Results The effective rate was 89.3％ in the control group and 96.7％ in the observation group,with no statistically significant difference (P =0.267).Adverse reactions disappeared significantly earlier in the observation group than in the control group [abdominal distension:(7.2 ± 1.7) days vs.(9.4 ±2.3) days; vomit:(8.6 ±2.5) days vs.(12.5 ±2.0) days; frequent crying:(8.0 ± 1.6) days vs.(10.0 ± 2.1) days; all P =0.000].Conclusions AAF is the first choice to treat CMPA-induced diarrhea.Early use of AAF in combination with rice oil could achieve better feeding tolerance in infant with CMPA-induced diarrhea.

Radiographic outcome analysis of three different fusion methods in maintenance of intervertebral height after cervical anterior corpectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the radiographic outcome of three different fusion methods in maintenance of intervertebral height after cervical anterior corpectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2005 to November 2009, a total of 77 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion were reviewed in the study. Fusion methods included autogenous iliac bone grafting in 22 patients (group 1), titanium mesh cages without end caps in 21 patients (group 2) and titanium mesh cages with modular end caps in 34 patients (group 3). No significant differences were found in age, gender or level of corpectomy among the three groups (P > 0.05). The height of anterior border (HAB) and the height of posterior border (HPB) of the fused segment were measured on lateral radiographs pre-operatively, post-operatively and at final follow-up to evaluate the outcome. The incidence of subsidence of titanium mesh cage and iliac bone was also reviewed retrospectively. The statistical analysis included One-way variation analysis and chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases obtained the follow-up with an average of (30 ± 5) months (range 24 to 46 months). At final follow-up, the loss of the height of anterior border (HAB) of the fused segment in group 3 ((0.4 ± 0.4) mm) was less than that in the other two groups ((0.9 ± 0.6) mm in group 1 and (1.1 ± 0.8) mm in group 2) (mean difference = -0.45 mm and -0.70 mm, P < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant between group 1 and group 2 (P > 0.05); the loss of HPB of the fused segment in group 3((0.6 ± 0.5) mm) was less than that in the other two groups ((1.1 ± 0.7) mm in group 1 and (1.6 ± 0.8) mm in group 2) (mean difference = -0.52 mm and -0.98 mm, P < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant between group 1 and group 2 (P > 0.05). Iliac bone subsidence occurred in 10 cases (45.5%) in group 1, including mild subsidence (1 - 3 mm) in 9 cases (40.9%) and severe subsidence (> 3 mm) in 1 case (4.5%), and titanium mesh cage subsidence occurred in 11 cases (52.4%) in group 2, including mild subsidence in 9 cases (42.9%) and severe subsidence in 2 cases (9.5%), and 2 cases (5.9%) in group 3 showed mild subsidence of titanium mesh cages. The incidence of titanium mesh cage subsidence in group 3 was less than that in the other two groups (χ(2) = 12.423 and 15.551, P < 0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant between group 1 and 2 (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Titanium mesh cage with modular end cap is superior to both titanium mesh cage without end cap and auto iliac bone graft in maintenance of the cervical intervertebral height postoperatively. The usage of modular end cap can efficiently reduce postoperative subsidence rate of titanium mesh cage.</p>

Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of crocetin and crocin in vivo / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the antioxidant capacity of crocetin and crocin in an in vivo system.Methods Column chromatography was applied to the seperation of crocetin and crocin-1 from gardenia.Crocetin(6.25,12.5 and 25.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and crocin (18.7,37.5 and 75.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) were orally administered to kunming mice.Then,superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in mice were determined for the comparison of antioxidant activity of crocetin and crocin-1.Results Oral administration of crocetin and crocin for six weeks could enhance SOD of liver and kidney,GSH-Px of liver and TAOC of heart and kidney.In addition,it could decrease MDA of serum in mice.Conclusions The comparison of results suggests the evidence supporting the comparable antioxidant activity of crocetin and crocin.The results of the research also indicate that liver and kidney are two organs targeted for protection concerning endogenous antioxidant among various tissues.

Pharmacokinetics of aminophylline delivered to the small intestine and colon using remote controlled capsules / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A patented remote controlled capsule (RCC) has recently been developed to provide noninvasive drug delivery to selected sites in the human gut that allows assessment of regional gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption under a normal physiological environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the rate and extent of aminophylline absorption after site-specific delivery of the drug in the GI tract using RCC and a magnetic marker monitoring (MMM) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted in twelve healthy male subjects, in a three-treatment, randomized, crossover manner with a 7-day washout. Eligible subjects received a 150 mg aminophylline dose through an oral administration, or via a remote controlled capsule, delivered to the small bowel or ascending colon. MMM was employed to monitor the GI transit of the RCC, and the radio-frequency signal was used to activate capsules at target sites. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals until 24 hours post dose/activation. Plasma theophylline concentrations were measured by a TDx System Analyzer. A comparison of the PK profile with the oral dosing route of aminophylline was performed after delivery to the small bowel and colon.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The RCC was well tolerated in volunteers. The mean capsule activation time for the small bowel and ascending colon was 2.07 hours and 6.08 hours post dose. Aminophylline had similar absorption profiles from the small bowel compared with the stomach, with an area under the curve (AUC(t)) ratio of 92% vs. the stomach, but a lower absorption profile from the ascending colon, with an AUC(t) ratio of 47.2% vs. the stomach.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The proprietary of the RCC and MMM technique offer the opportunity to obtain data on the intestinal absorption of a drug in humans under noninvasive conditions. Aminophylline is rapidly and efficiently absorbed from the small bowel. While colonic absorption was limited by the poor water condition although effective absorption was observed from the ascending colon. This provides an opportunity for rational development of modified-release formulations as well as alternative dosage forms.</p>

Clinical application of microarray technique to quantify the lamivudine-resistant gene mutant of hepatitis B virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical applicability of a novel technique that can quantify the lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the serum of patients utilizing gene microarray technology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The oligonucleotide microarray was designed to detect 3 important mutational positions. Fifty-one patients who were receiving lamivudine therapy were selected as subjects. The oligonucleotide microarray and traditional sequencing were applied to detect the lamivudine resistant mutation, the monitoring lasted for 24 months. Then the clinical result was analyzed and the obtained data were compared between the two methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lamivudine resistant mutation was detected in 39 percent of the patients during the 2 years period. The results of the oligonucleotide microarray technique was consistent to the results of traditional sequencing in accuracy and the miroarray was more sensitive in detection of the mixed infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Application of the oligonucleotide microarray for quantitative detection of lamivudine-resistant mutation of HBV is feasible.</p>

Effect of Liver Disease Special-Purpose Enteral Nutrition Preparation on Protein Metabolism and Liver Function in Children with Liver Injury / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the effect of liver disease special-purpose enteral nutrition preparation on protein metabolism and liver function in children with liver injury.Methods Sixty cases of severe ill with liver injury in hospital,with mean age of (7.8?6.3) years old.All patients were randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group(n=30).The experimental group was treated by adding the liver disease special-purpose enteral nutrition preparation homogenized diet and control group was treated by adding entire protein entire nutrition type enteral nutrition preparation.All patients in both 2 groups were nasally fed with intestinal nutrition,which contained 418-628 kJ/(kg?d).One day before nutritional support and 14 days after nutritional support,the liver function,total serum protein,albumin,hemoglobin were recorded.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results The baseline indicators were similar before nutritional supports.Fourteen days after nutritional support,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were all significantly lower in experimental group than in control group(Pa

Influence of Protein Jelly Supplementation on Protein Metabolish and Wound Healing in Post-Operated Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05).And the increasing of weight in high protein+plus prolein jelly group was significantly higher than those of other two groups(Pa

Research on swallowable camera-capsules of gastrointestinal wireless endoscope / 中国医疗器械杂志

The swallowable camera-capsule,described in the aper, 11 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length , contains a CMOS image sensor, an optical system, a battery, a light source, a transmitter, a antenna and so on. The CMOS image sensor and its driving circuit can be miniaturized with MEMS technology. Image signal can be transmitted by analog or digital way. Image signal can be wirelessly transmitted through serial data interface. Finally, the processing technics of the capsule's crust is introduced.

Latest progress of minimally-invasive medical systems in the field of alimentary tract diagnosis and treatment / 中国医疗器械杂志

The capsule-style micro-system is a hot spot of minimally-invasive medical instruments. Progresses of some typical capsule-style micro-systems, such as the wireless endoscope, site specific delivery capsule (SSDC), alimentary tract sampling capsule, PH capsule, etc. are introduced here in detail. The research activities in China and the developing trend of capsule-style micro-systems are discussed too.