Anatomic structural study of cerebellopontine angle via endoscope / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Minimally invasive surgery in skull base relying on searching for possible anatomic basis for endoscopic technology is controversial. The objective of this study was to observe the spatial relationships between main blood vessels and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle area and provide anatomic basis for lateral and posterior skull base minimally invasive surgery via endoscopic retrosigmoid keyhole approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted on thirty dried adult skulls to measure the spatial relationships among the surface bony marks of posterior cranial fossa, and to locate the most appropriate drilling area for retrosigmoid keyhole approach. In addition, we used 10 formaldehyde-fixed adult cadaver specimens for simulating endoscopic retrosigmoid approach to determine the visible scope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The midpoint between the mastoid tip and the asterion was the best drilling point for retrosigmoid approach. A hole centered on this point with the 2.0 cm in diameter was suitable for exposing the related structures in the cerebellopontine angle. Retrosigmoid keyhole approach can decrease the pressure on the cerebellum and expose the related structures effectively which include facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery, etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Exact location on endoscope retrosigmoid approach can avoid dragging cerebellum during the minimally invasive surgery. The application of retrosigmoid keyhole approach will extend the application of endoscopic technology.</p>

Computer three-dimensional reconstruction of temporal bone based on CT slices and real model duplication / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>OBJECTIVE To make the computer tomography data based rapid prototyping models of the temporal bone and discuss its prospect for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three-dimensional models of one normal temporal bone and five dry temporal bones were reconstructed using volume rendering software of Materialise Mimics 6. 3 based on horizontal slices of one normal temporal bone and five dry temporal bones scanned and reconstructed with spiral CT. This model was duplicated with Auro SLA stereolithographic rapid prototyping machine and operational practice was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three-dimensional computer model of temporal bone were reconstructed and duplicated successfully with clear bony marks on its surface and clear display of interior delicate structures on different sections. It was proved by operational practice that this model could be used for simulation of clinical operation of temporal bone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rapid prototyping technique could duplicate real model of temporal bone which could be used for preoperational practice. It had broad prospect of application in lateral skull base surgery and had significance for designing operational approach and decreasing complications.</p>

Effect of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosal intestinal trefoil factor gene expression in the rat of gastric mucosal injury induced by stress / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate effects of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosal intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) gene expression in the rat of gastric mucosal injury induced by stress.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank group, model group, stomach channel group, gallbladder channel group. The normal group did not receive any processing, and the model group were fixed for 7 sessions and both the stomach channel group and the gallbladder channel group received 7 sessions of electro-acupuncture before modeling. The model was made by water restraint stress (WRS) for 10 hours. Index of gastric mucosal injury was detected and then the gastric mucosa tissue in each rat was taken and the expression of ITFmRNA of the tissue was detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was very significant or significant difference in the gastric mucosal injury as the stomach channel group and the gallbladder channel group compared with the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); electroacupuncture had a tendency of improving the expression of gastric mucosal ITFmRNA gene; the expression of ITFmRNA in the gallbladder channel group and the stomach channel group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The special regulation of electroacupuncture on gastric mucosal tissue is related with the release of epidermal growth factor and the expression of intestinal trefoil factor gene.</p>