ABSTRACT
In the present study, a gastric retention floating system for Brucea javanica oil, composed of alginate and carrageenan, was prepared using ionotropic gelation. Parameters for floatability, drug load, encapsulation efficiency, bead morphology, in vitro release, and in vivo gastric retention were evaluated. The optimized formulation via Box-Behnken design consisted of 1.7% alginate (W/V), 1.02% carrageenan (W/V), 1.4% CaCO (W/V), and a gelling bath of pH 0.8. The alginate-carrageenan-Brucea javanica oil beads had a porous structure and exhibited up to 24 h of in vitro floatability with a load capacity of 45%-55% and an encapsulation efficiency of 70%-80%. A 6-h sustained release was observed in vitro. The beads had a prolonged gastric retention (> 60% at 6 h) in fasted rats, compared to non-floating beads (15% at 6 h), as measured by gamma scintigraphy with single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPET/CT). In conclusion, the alginate-carrageenan-Brucea javanica oil system showed enhanced oil encapsulation efficiency, excellent floating and gastric retention abilities, and a favorable release behavior.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alginates , Chemistry , Biological Availability , Brucea , Chemistry , Carrageenan , Chemistry , Delayed-Action Preparations , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Gastric Mucosa , Metabolism , Glucuronic Acid , Chemistry , Hexuronic Acids , Chemistry , Microspheres , Plant Oils , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
In the present study, a gastric retention floating system for Brucea javanica oil, composed of alginate and carrageenan, was prepared using ionotropic gelation. Parameters for floatability, drug load, encapsulation efficiency, bead morphology, in vitro release, and in vivo gastric retention were evaluated. The optimized formulation via Box-Behnken design consisted of 1.7% alginate (W/V), 1.02% carrageenan (W/V), 1.4% CaCO (W/V), and a gelling bath of pH 0.8. The alginate-carrageenan-Brucea javanica oil beads had a porous structure and exhibited up to 24 h of in vitro floatability with a load capacity of 45%-55% and an encapsulation efficiency of 70%-80%. A 6-h sustained release was observed in vitro. The beads had a prolonged gastric retention (> 60% at 6 h) in fasted rats, compared to non-floating beads (15% at 6 h), as measured by gamma scintigraphy with single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPET/CT). In conclusion, the alginate-carrageenan-Brucea javanica oil system showed enhanced oil encapsulation efficiency, excellent floating and gastric retention abilities, and a favorable release behavior.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alginates , Chemistry , Biological Availability , Brucea , Chemistry , Carrageenan , Chemistry , Delayed-Action Preparations , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Gastric Mucosa , Metabolism , Glucuronic Acid , Chemistry , Hexuronic Acids , Chemistry , Microspheres , Plant Oils , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevention and treatment of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 183 recipients who had received liver transplantation between May 1995 and December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Biliary complications occurred in 15 patients (15/183, 8.2%). The incidence for short-term and long-term complication were 6.0% (11/183) and 2.2% (4/183) respectively. No biliary complications was due to hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT). Four cases who received PTC(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography) with stent insertion,8 cases who received ERCP( endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) with stent insertion and 1 who received Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy for anastomotic stricture were successfully cured. Two cases required relaparotomy died for fungus infection eventually. The mortality due to biliary complications was 1.1%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rapid combined abdominal organ harvesting technique could shorten the ischemia time and ameliorate the injury due to vascular and bile duct variances, which could reduce the incidence of biliary complication. PTC and (or) ERCP combined with stent insertion were main procedure for biliary complications not related to HAT after liver transplantation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biliary Tract Diseases , Therapeutics , Liver Transplantation , Methods , Postoperative Complications , Therapeutics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the management of acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ischemia and to improve its prognosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The clinical data of 37 patients treated from January 1996 to August 2007 was retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the cases, 19 (51.4%) patients were diagnosed with acute SMA embolism, 15 (40.5%) with acute SMA thrombosis, 2 (5.4%) with spontaneous isolated dissection of SMA and 1 (2.7%) with SMA aneurysm. Nineteen (51.4%) patients were misdiagnosed in emergency. Eighteen (48.6%) patients died in the hospital, and most of them died of severe infection and multiple organ failure. Three cases of the survived 19 patients experienced severe complications (2 with short gut syndrome, 1 with cerebral hemorrhage). Nine cases were followed-up for a mean period of 15 months, and 5 died during that term.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acute SMA ischemia has multiple etiological factors. Early intervention can improve the prognosis.</p>