A long-term evaluation of periodontal phenotypes before and after the periodontal-orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment of lower anterior teeth in patients with skeletal Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the changes of periodontal phenotype (width of keratinized gingiva, thickness and height of alveolar bone) of lower anterior teeth in patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion before and after the periodontal-orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment.@*METHODS@#In the study, 20 patients with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion (6 males and 14 females) completed the periodontal-orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment were included from March 2017 to June 2022, with 39 central incisors, 40 lateral incisors and 40 canines. The mean age was (25.40±4.27) years (20-34 years). The mean follow-up time was (3.70±1.05) years from the beginning of periodontal corticotomy regenerative surgery (PCRS) to the end of the combined treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure the thickness, area and height of alveolar bone by the same researcher, taken before the PCRS (T0), 6 months after the PCRS (T1), 12 months after the PCRS (T2), before the orthognathic surgery (T3), and after the periodontal-orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment (T4). The periodontal clinical parameters were used to evaluate changes in the soft tissue by another researcher, measured before the PCRS (T0) and after the combined treatment (T4). Changes of soft and hard tissue were evaluated by the periodontal phenotype.@*RESULTS@#The width of keratinized gingiva increased significantly (all P < 0.001) in lower anterior teeth, the central incisors, lateral incisors and canines increased by (1.82±1.57) mm, (2.03±1.48) mm and (2.05±1.27) mm, respectively. The proportion of thick periodontal biotype in the central and lateral incisors increased significantly (all P < 0.001), while the changes of periodontal biotypes in the lower canines were not obvious. The thickness of labial alveolar bone of lower anterior teeth all increased significantly after periodontal corticotomy regenerative surgery and the combined treatment (all P < 0.001). The area of labial alveolar bone of lower anterior teeth also increased significantly after the combined treatment (all P < 0.001). The whole area of labial and lingual alveolar bone of central and lateral incisors increased (P < 0.001), while the whole area of canines remained the same. All The height of the alveolar bone increased (all P < 0.001) on the labial side after the treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#The periodontal phenotypes of lower anterior teeth were significantly improved after the periodontal-orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment in patients with skeletal Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion. The improvement was long-termly stable, and the periodontal risk was reduced.

Effect of Micro-fertilizer Containing Rare Earth on Growth，Yield and Quality of Angelica sinensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of micro-fertilizer containing rare earth of different types and concentrations on the growth，yield and quality of Angelica sinensis. MethodOn the basis of the single-factor randomized block design， the growth and index components of Angelica sinensis were determined with rare earth-containing nitrate and chloride micro-fertilizers of different concentrations as foliar fertilizers. ResultSpraying 0.8 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing chloride micro-fertilizer could increase the economic yield of A. sinensis， with the fresh yield per mu （1 mu≈667 m2） reaching 855.4 kg and the dry yield per mu 350.7 kg，which increased by 15.16% and 28.70% respectively compared with that in the control group CK1. Spraying 1.2 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing nitrate micro-fertilizer could promote the growth and development of A. sinensis and significantly increase the content of index components， with the plant height reaching 93.05 cm，the stem diameter 15.60 mm，the root diameter 16.10 mm，the main root length 36.5 cm，and the number of leaves 11.25 pieces per plant， which increased by 32.76%，31.98%，41.98%，53.36%，and 45.16%， respectively， compared with those in the control group CK2. Besides， the content of ferulic acid，volatile oil，ligustilide， and extract was 0.96%，0.41%，0.30% and 48.76%，respectively，which increased by 12.94%，17.14%，11.11%， and 12.07%，respectively，compared with that in the control group CK2. ConclusionSpraying 0.8 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing chloride micro-fertilizer and 1.2 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing nitrate micro-fertilizer can promote the growth and development of A. sinensis，improve the medicinal properties，and increase yield and quality. Rare earth-containing micro-fertilizers can be applied in the standardization of A. sinensis cultivation， which can change the production status of A. sinensis that depends on chemical fertilizers and single fertilization， and promote the green， organic and ecological cultivation of A. sinensis.

Improvement effects of Dianxianqing granule on blood-brain barrier injury in Alzheimer ’s disease model mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the impr ovement effects of Dianxianqing granule on blood-brain barrier （BBB）injury in Alzheimer’s disease （AD）model mice by regulating NLR family pyrin domain containing 3（NLRP3）inflammasome signaling pathway. METHODS Totally 125 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group （n＝25）and modeling group （n＝100） by body weight. AD model was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid 25-35 in model group. Sham operation group was given normal saline with same method. The 100 model mice were randomly divided into model group ，Donepezil hydrochloride tablets group （positive control 1，1.3 mg/kg，i.g.），MCC950 group [positive control 2（selective NLRP 3 inhibitor），10 mg/kg，i.p.] and Dianxianqing granule group （12.48 g/kg by crude drug ，i.g.）by body weight ，with 25 mice in each group. Second day after modeling ，administration groups were given relevant medicine ，once a day ，for consecutive 21 d. Sham operation group and model group were given intragastric administration of water and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline. At last administration，the learning and memory ability was determined by Y maze test ，and blood-brain barrier permeability was measured by Evans blue leakage assay. The expressions of NLRP 3，anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1（IBA-1），nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）p65，p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis （PUMA），occludin（ocln），zonula occluden- 1（ZO-1）and claudin-5 （cldn5） in cerebral tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared with model group ， spontaneous alternate response rate ，protein expressions of ocln ，cldn5 lnzyxyqy2003@163.com and ZO- 1 in cerebral tissue were increased significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；Evans blue E-mail：jiadg2003@126.com content and protein expressions of NLRP 3，IBA-1，PUMA and NF-κB p65 in cerebral tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Dianxianqing granule can improve BBB injury of AD model m ice by inhibiting NLRP 3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Expression and distribution of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Calprotectin, the heterdimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is the major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils, which is also expressed or induced in gingival epithelial cells, activated mononuclear macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Calprotectin is intimately associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, but the in vivo expression patterns of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissue are not fully understood. To observe the expression, distribution and cellular localization of calprotectin in the samples of healthy periodontal tissues and experimental periodontitis tissues of Beagles and to explore their relationship with periodontal inflammation and possible effect.@*METHODS@#Experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation around the mandibular second molar of the Beagle dogs, while the contralateral teeth were healthy controls. Induction duration was 12 weeks, before the dogs were executed. Tissue specimens were demineralized and serial sections were made conventionally. The in vivo expression of calprotectin in the healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro expression of calprotectin in human primary gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were detected by immunocytochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that calprotectin was expressed in gingival epithelial cells and infiltrated neutrophils in the healthy periodontium within the gingival epithelium, S100A8/A9 was most strongly expressed in the junctional epithelium, followed by surface epithelium, and least expressed in the sulcular epithelium. The S100A8/A9 expression levels were sharply defined at the junction between the junctional epithelium and the sulcular epithelium. In periodontal inflammatory lesions, the expression level of calprotectin in sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium was up-regulated than that in the healthy gingival epithelium. Calprotectin was inducibly expressed in fibroblast-like cells in gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament tissue, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the expression of calprotectin in primary human GFs and PDL cells was confirmed by immunnocytochemistry staining.@*CONCLUSION@#Constitutively expressed in neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells, and calprotectin might maintain the homeostasis and integrity of periodontium. Inflammation-induced expression of calprotectin in GFs, PDL cells, microvascular ECs and bone marrow fibroblasts might process anti-microbial function and promote leukocytes transmigration to defend the host against the microorganisms.

Polymorphism of P66 in / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To study the polymorphism in P66 and its human B-cell epitopes of @*Methods@#Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to obtain the P66 sequences of 59 Chinese @*Results@#Results showed that genetic and amino acid diversity presented in the 66 kD protein of all 59 Chinese strains, especially in @*Conclusion@#In P66 of 59 Chinese strains, polymorphisms were widely distributed. More importantly, the P66 amino acid sequences of

Association between use of amiodarone for non-valvular atrial fibrillation and patient survival: from the prospective China Atrial Fibrillation Registry / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Post hoc analysis of the landmark atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management trial revealed that amiodarone was associated with higher risks of mortality, intensive care unit admission, and non-cardiovascular death. We aim to evaluate the association between amiodarone use and patient survival under updated medical mode and level using data from the China Atrial Fibrillation (China-AF) Registry study.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 8161 non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients who were antiarrhythmic drug (AAD)-naive before enrollment into the China-AF Registry, recruited between August 2011 and February 2017, were collected. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between amiodarone use and the outcome. We also calculated the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance at the penultimate follow-up.@*RESULTS@#Compared with 6167 patients of non-AAD group, 689 patients of the amiodarone group were younger (mean age 65.6 vs. 68.6 years), more frequently completed high school education, had fewer comorbidities such as chronic heart failure, prior bleeding, and stroke, and were more likely to be treated in tertiary hospitals while less hospitalization. The proportion of persistent AF was much lower among users of amiodarone, who were also less likely to be taking oral anticoagulants. The patients in the amiodarone group had a statistically insignificant lower incidence of all-cause mortality (2.44 vs. 3.91 per 100 person-years) over a mean follow-up duration of 300.6 ± 77.5 days. After adjusting for potential confounders, amiodarone use was not significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.49). Sub-group analysis revealed the consistent results. The rate of sinus rhythm maintenance at the penultimate follow-up in the amiodarone group was significantly higher than in the non-AAD group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our study indicated that amiodarone use was not significantly associated with a lower risk of 1-year all-cause mortality compared with a non-AAD strategy in "real-world" patients with NVAF.

Comparison of residual cement between CAD/CAM customized abutments and stock abutments via digital measurement in vitro / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the residual cement between computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing customized abutments (CCA) and stock abutments (SA), and to evaluate the feasibility of digital measurement for residual cement volume by three-dimensional scanning.@*METHODS@#Twenty master models needed in this study were all taken from one 47-year-old patient with arrested periodontitis, who had already had an implant placed at his right upper central incisor site in the Department of Periodonto-logy, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. After 4 weeks of soft tissue conditioning by means of customized healing abutment, the height of peri-implant soft tissue was measured, from the implant platform to mucosal margin, as 5 mm. Using customized impression coping, the impression was taken and twenty models were fabricated and allocated to 4 groups according to the type of abutments: CCA1 (5 mm transmucosal height CCA, with margin at tissue level), CCA2 (4 mm transmucosal height CCA, with 1 mm submucosal margin), SA1 (3 mm transmucosal height SA, with 2 mm submucosal margin) and SA2 (1 mm transmucosal height SA, with 4 mm submucosal margin). Crowns were cemented to the abutments, which were seated on the working models. Excess cement was removed by a prosthodontic specialist. Thereafter, the volume of residual cement was evaluated by using three-dimensional scanning technique. The area proportion of residual cement was calculated on photographs taken by a single lens reflex camera. The weight of residual cement was weighed by an analytical balance. And the correlation of residual cement volume data with residual cement area proportion or weight of residual cement acquired by traditional methods was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Residual cement was observed on all the experiment samples. The residual cement volume of CCA was significantly less than that of SA [(0.635 3±0.535 4) mm3 vs. (2.293 8±0.943 8) mm3, P < 0.001]. Consistently, CCA had less residual cement area proportion and weight than those of SA [area proportion: 7.57%±2.99% vs. 22.68%±10.06%, P < 0.001; weight: (0.001 5±0.001 0) g vs. (0.003 7±0.001 4) g, P < 0.001]. The residual cement volume was strongly correlated with the residual cement area proportion and residual cement weight (r>0.75, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#These in vitro results suggest that CCA minimized the residual cement more effectively than SA. The method to digitally evaluate the residual cement volume is feasible, but its validity and reliability need to be further studied.

Clinical analysis of golimumab in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular involvement in Behcet syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness and safety of golimumab in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular Behcet syndrome (BS).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of nine patients diagnosed with severe/refractory cardiovascular BS and treated with golimumab from February 2018 to July 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. We analyzed levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), imaging findings, and the doses of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents during the period of combined treatment with golimumab.@*RESULTS@#Nine patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 1 female, with a mean age and median course of (37.0±8.6) years and 120 (60, 132) months, respectively. Seven patients presented with severe aortic regurgitation combined with other cardiovascular involvement secondary to BS. Two patients presented with large vessel involvement, including multiple aneurysms and vein thrombosis. Prior to golimumab treatment, seven patients were treated with glucocorticoids and multiple immunosuppres-sants [with a median number of 3 (1, 3) types] while still experienced disease progression or elevated inflammation biomarkers during postoperative period. Eight patients with disease progression, uncontrolled inflammation and history of severe postoperative complications required effective and fast control of inflammation during perioperative period. One patient had adverse reaction with tocilizumab and switched to golimumab during perioperative period. The patients were treated with golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks, along with concomitant treatment of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants. After a median follow-up of (16.3±5.6) months, all the patients achieved clinical improvement. Vascular lesions were radiologically stable and no vascular progressive or newly-onset of vascular lesions was observed. The eight patients who experienced cardiac or vascular operations showed no evidence of postoperative complications. The ESR and hsCRP levels decreased significantly [16.5 (6.8, 52.5) mm/h vs. 4 (2, 7) mm/h, and 21.24 (0.93, 32.51) mg/L vs. 0.58 (0.37, 1.79) mg/L (P < 0.05), respectively]. The dose of prednisone was tapered from 35 (15, 60) mg/d to 10.0 (10.0, 12.5) mg/d. No prominent adverse reactions were observed.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study suggests that golimumab is effective in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular BS. Combination immunosuppression therapy with golimumab contributes to control of inflammation, reduction of postoperative complications and tapering the dose of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants.

Effect of initial periodontal therapy on blood parameters related to erythrocyte and platelet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the blood parameters related to erythrocyte and platelet between baseline and 3 months after initial periodontal therapy in patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM-P).@*METHODS@#According to the International Symposium on Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in 1999 and the diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus proposed by the World Health Organization in 1999, 35 patients with DM-P were recruited. All the participants received initial periodontal therapy, including oral hygiene instruction, scaling, and root planning provided by one senior periodontist. Original diet, exercise, and medication for blood glucose control were unchanged for all the participants. At baseline and 3 months after initial periodontal therapy, the clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL); erythrocyte-related indexes, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RBC volume distribution width (RDW); platelet-related indexes, including platelet (PLT) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletocrit (PCT) were measured and compared.@*RESULTS@#Compared with baseline, the periodontal parameters, including PD [(3.370±0.601) mm vs. (2.729±0.431) mm], BI [2.160 (1.550~3.410) vs. 1.420 (1.000~2.970)] and CAL [(3.307±1.577) mm vs. (2.990±1.587) mm], were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) three months after the initial periodontal therapy; the erythrocyte-related indexes, including RBC count [(4.727±0.392)×1012/L vs. (4.825±0.394)×1012/L, P=0.010], HGB [(145.886±11.792) g/L vs. (149.200±12.979) g/L, P=0.007] and HCT [43.40% (37.50%~48.50%) vs. 43.80% (38.50%~53.20%), P=0.003], were significantly increased three months after the initial periodontal therapy; PLT count [(216.714±61.900)×109/L vs. (205.886±62.051)×109/L, P=0.016] was significantly reduced 3 months after the initial periodontal therapy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The initial periodontal therapy can significantly improve blood parameters related to RBC and PLT, which might decrease the risk of vascular complications in DM-P patients.

Alveolar crest and relevant analysis of labial side of anterior teeth on skeletal Angle class III patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To measure the distance from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) of labial side of anterior teeth on skeletal Angle class III patients under direct vision during periodontal bone augmentation surgery and to make relevant analysis to find the relevant factors.@*METHODS@#In the study, 46 skeletal Angle class III patients (10 males and 36 females) received periodontal bone augmentation surgery of anterior teeth were included, with 67 jaws (27 maxillae and 40 mandibles) and 400 anterior teeth (161 maxillary anterior teeth and 239 mandibular anterior teeth). The mean age was 23.65 years. Maxillary anterior teeth consisted of 54 central incisors, 53 lateral incisors and 54 canines. Mandibular anterior teeth consisted of 79 central incisors, 80 lateral incisors and 80 canines. CEJ-AC was measured in three sites (mesial sites, central sites and distal sites) by Williams periodontal probes during periodontal bone augmentation surgery under direct vision by the same researcher.@*RESULTS@#The average CEJ-AC of 400 anterior teeth was (2.21±1.48) mm. The average CEJ-AC of maxillary anterior teeth was (1.72±1.13) mm, more than (2.54±1.60) mm of mandibular anterior teeth (P<0.05). The average CEJ-AC of canines was (2.42±1.78) mm, more than (2.06±1.27) mm of central incisors or (2.16±1.32) mm of lateral incisors (P<0.05). The average CEJ-AC of central sites was (3.04±2.01) mm, more than (1.79±0.86) mm of mesial sites or (1.81±0.89) mm of distal sites (P<0.05). CEJ-AC of 233 anterior teeth was more than 2 mm, accounting for 58.25%, and 117 anterior teeth with dehiscence were found, accounting for 29.25%. Multilevel and multivariate Logistic regression showed age, jaw, tooth and site were the relevant factors to the position of alveolar crest.@*CONCLUSION@#The position of alveolar crest of skeletal Angle class III patients who received periodontal bone augmentation surgery was lower than that of the general population, causing periodontal risks during decompensation orthodontics therapy before orthognathic surgery. The position of alveolar crest was lower in older patients than in younger patients, in mandibular teeth than in maxillary teeth, in canines than in central incisors or lateral incisors, and in central sites than in mesial sites or distal sites of labial side, which showed much higher risk.

Clinical outcomes of ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing in severe periodontitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of ultrasonic subgingival debridement and ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing on severe periodontitis and then to investigate the necessity and significance of manual root planing.@*METHODS@#Twenty-three patients with severe periodontitis participated in this split-mouth randomized-controlled clinical trial. Baseline examination and randomization were performed after supragingival scaling: each of the upper and lower jaws had a quadrant as the test group treated with ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing, whereas the other two quadrants were the control group treated with ultrasonic subgingival debridement. Treatment of each patient was at intervals of one week and completed in two visits. Clinical indicators concerning probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding index (BI) were recorded at baseline and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after treatment.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference of periodontal indicators between the test group and the control group at baseline. Both the test group and control group resulted in significant improvement of PD, CAL and BI. One and three months after treatment, reduction of PD in the test group was higher than that in the control group [1 month: (2.13±1.31) mm vs. (1.79±1.33) mm, P<0.01; 3 months: (2.46±1.33) mm vs. (2.17±1.38) mm, P<0.01] and reduction of CAL in the test group was higher than that in the control group [1 month: (1.89±2.03) mm vs. (1.65±1.93) mm, P<0.01; 3 months: (2.03±2.05) mm vs. (1.83±1.97) mm, P<0.05]. Six months after treatment, PD in the test group and the control group decreased by (2.52±1.40) mm and (2.35±1.37) mm respectively, and the improvement in the test group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.01). CAL in the test group and the control group decreased by (1.89±2.14) mm and (1.77±2.00) mm respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the groups. There was no significant difference in the changes of BI between the two groups 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing has more reduction in PD and CAL compared with ultrasonic subgingival debridement. Therefore, it is still necessary to use manual instruments for root planing following ultrasonic subgingival debridement.

Research Progress and Prospect of Facial Reconstruction in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

Facial reconstruction is a way to recover facial morphology by restoring soft tissues based on unidentified skulls using the knowledge of anatomy, anthropology, aesthetics, and computer science. It is applied in forensic science, oral plastic surgery and archeology, and especially plays an important role in the identification of the origin of the unknown corpses in forensic science. Facial reconstruction is the supplementary means of identification when other approaches （such as DNA comparison, imaging matching, dental records comparison, etc.） cannot identify individual identity. Facial soft tissue thickness （FSTT） is the basis of facial reconstruction and with the development of imaging and computer science, the techniques for measuring FSTT are improving rapidly and many related researches have appeared. This paper summarizes the application of facial reconstruction in forensic science, the accuracy of different methods and the research progress of this field to provide reference to this field.

Effect of acupuncture at "reflection points" of the affected side on the peripheral facial paralysis in acute phase / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of acupuncture at the "reflection points" of affected side on the peripheral facial paralysis in acute phase.@*METHODS@#Ninety patients with peripheral facial paralysis in acute phase were randomly divided into a reflection group (group A), a conventional acupuncture group (group B) and a physiotherapy group (group C), 30 cases in each group. The same basic medication were given in all three groups. In the group A, acupuncture at "reflection points" of the affected side and local acupoints in acute phase, such as Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Quanliao (SI 18), Xiaguan (ST 7), Yangbai (GB 14), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), etc. were applied. The electroacupuncture was added in the stationary phase, and Zusanli (ST 36) was added in the recovery phase. In the group B, acupuncture at Yifeng (TE 17) of the affected side in acute phase and local acupoints, such as Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Quanliao (SI 18), Xiaguan (ST 7), Yangbai (GB 14), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), etc. were applied. The electroacupuncture was added in the stationary phase, and Zusanli (ST 36) was added in the recovery phase. In the group C, ultrashort wave on Yifeng (TE 17) of the affected side in acute phase was applied, and the treatment in the stationary phase and the recovery phase was the same as the group B. The treatment was given once every day, 5 times as one course for 4 courses. The House-Brackmann (H-B) grading scale, facial disability index scale, the symptom and physical score integral scale were used to score before and after treatment, and the clinical effects of the three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the functional grade of H-B facial nerve was better than that before treatment in the three groups (0.05). After treatment, the course of treatment required to reflect the healing in the group A was shorter than that in the group B and the group C (0.05). The scores of symptoms and signs in the three groups were lower than those before treatment (0.05). H-B facial nerve function grading scale and facial disability index (FDI) scale were used as the evaluation criteria, the curative rate was 66.7% (20/30) in the group A, 50.0% (15/30) in the group B and 46.7% (14/30) in the group C, the curative rate in the group A was better than the other two groups (<0.05). The curative and markedly effective rate in the group A was 83.3% (25/30), 70.0% (21/30) in the group B and 63.3% (19/30) in the group C, the curative and markedly effective rate in the group A was better than the other two groups (<0.05). The scores of symptoms and signs were used as the evaluation criteria, the curative rate was 66.7% (20/30) in the group A, 50.0% (15/30) in the group B, and 46.7% (14/30) in the group C. The curative rate in the group A was better than the other two groups (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with general acupuncture and physiotherapy, acupuncture at the "reflection points" of the affected side on the peripheral facial paralysis in acute phase could shorten the course of treatment and improve the curative effect.

Effect of Comprehensive Therapy based on Chinese Medicine Patterns on Self-Efficacy and Effectiveness Satisfaction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of comprehensive therapy based on Chinese medicine (CM) patterns on self-efficacy and satisfaction with its effectiveness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).@*METHODS@#A total of 216 patients were randomly divided into the trial group (n =108) and the control group (n=108) based on the stratified and block randomization design. Patients in the trial group were treated with conventional Western medicine combined with Bufei Jianpi Granules (), Bufei Yishen Granules (), and Yiqi Zishen Granules () according to the CM patterns respectively, and patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine. The COPD Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) and the Effectiveness Satisfaction Questionnaire for COPD (ESQ-COPD) were employed in a 6-month treatment and in further 6 month follow-up visit.@*RESULTS@#Among the 216 patients, 191 patients (97 in the trial group and 94 in the control group) fully completed the study. After 12-month treatment and follow-up, the mean scores of the trial group all continued to increase over time, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05), and the improvement in the following trial group domain: negative affect domain (12.13%), intense emotional arousal domain (12.21%), physical exertion domain (11.72%), weather/environmental domain (13.77%), behavioral risk domain (7.67%) and total score (10.65%). The trial group also exhibited significantly higher mean scores in the ESQ-COPD (P <0.05) and the improvement in the following domain: capacity for life and work domain (30.59%), clinical symptoms domain (53.52%), effect of therapy domain (35.95%), convenience of therapy domain (35.54%), and whole effect domain (52.47%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Bufei Jianpi Granules, Bufei Yishen Granules and Yiqi Zishen Granules can improve the self-efficacy and satisfaction of COPD patients.

Decomposition Kinetics of Omethoate in Blood / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the decomposition kinetics of omethoate in blood.Methods The acetonitrile precipitated protein was added into the blood, with the chromatographic column of a Waters BEH C18column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7μm), the mobile phase of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution-methanol, and the gradient elution with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and injection volume of 2μL.With electrospray ionization (ESI) source and positive ion detection, qualitative and quantitative analyses were taken using multi-reaction monitoring mode.Omethoate standard was added into blank human blood to the mass concentrations of 0.78, 1.40, 2.30, 4.50, and 7.20μg/mL, and each mass concentration was preserved at 3 temperatures of-20℃, 4℃, and 20℃, respectively.The content of omethoate was detected at different time points (0, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 15, 24, 32, 40, 48, 64, 80, 96, and 120 d).Results Different concentrations of omethoate all showed a descended trend in human blood under different temperature conditions.The decomposition in storage environment of-20℃, 4℃, and 20℃was fit to a one-compartment open model with a first-order kinetic process, which could be expressed as Ct=Coe-αt, with the calculated theoretical values of omethoate concentration close to the measured values.Conclusion All concentrations of omethoate are decomposed in the blood, which vary a lot in different preservation conditions.It is suggested that blood samples should be frozen and detected timely in suspected omethoate poisoning cases.

Purinergic 2X7 Receptor is Involved in the Podocyte Damage of Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy via Activating Nucleotide-Binding and Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and caspase-1 is engaged in the inflammatory response of many kidney diseases and can be activated by purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R). This study was conducted to explore whether P2X7R plays a pathogenic role in the podocyte damage of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) and whether this role is mediated by the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.@*Methods@#A mouse model of ORG was established by high-fat diet feeding. The conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured with leptin or with leptin and P2X7R antagonist (KN-62 or A438079). The mRNA and protein expression of the P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome components including NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, as well as the podocyte-associated molecules including nephrin, podocin, and desmin in mouse renal cortex or cultured mouse podocytes were tested by real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively.@*Results@#The significantly upregulated expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome components and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation were observed in the renal cortex (in fact their location in podocytes was proved by confocal microscopy) of ORG mice in vivo, which were accompanied with the morphological changes of podocyte damage and the expression changes of podocyte-associated molecules. Similar changes in the expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome components as well as in the expression of podocyte-associated molecules were also observed in the cultured podocyte studies treated by leptin in vitro, and all of the above changes were significantly attenuated by the P2X7R antagonist KN-62 or A438079.@*Conclusions@#P2X7R could trigger the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the activated P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome in podocytes might be involved in the podocyte damage of ORG.

Predictive values of clinicopathological features and expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the values of clinicopathological features and expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in predicting the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Mutation status of exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 in EGFR, and expression of TTF-1 protein in 283 cases of NSCLC diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were analyzed by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and immunohistochemical method. The correlation of EGFR mutations with the clinicopathological features and TTF-1 expression were studied to explore the values of them in the prediction of EGFR mutations. Results Among 283 cases of NSCLC, the rate of EGFR gene mutation was 30.0 ％(85/283), including 3 cases with double mutations(exon 18 and exon 20 double mutations in one case, exon 19 and exon 21 double mutations in one case, exon 20 and exon 21 double mutations in one case). The EGFR gene mutations were associated with gender, histological type, history of smoking, and expression of TTF-1 (all P<0.001), but not related to age and tumor location (P= 0.785, P= 0.138). The combination of factors with high mutation rates (women, adenocarcinoma, no smoking, and TTF-1 positive) made the positive predictive value of EGFR mutations up to 57.6 ％. And the combination of factors with low mutation rates (male, nonadenocarcinoma, smoking history, TTF-1 negative) made the EGFR negative predictive value up to 90.3％. Conclusion The combination of clinicopathological features and TTF-1 expression status in patients with NSCLC has a great predictive value for EGFR mutations, which can provide a useful reference for clinical treatment decision-making.

Influence of vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism on expression of CYP24A1 in periodontal cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#There is asingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the exon 2 of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene that can be distinguished using the restriction endonuclease FokI, and accordingly divided into three genotypes: FF, Ff and ff. VDR-FokI polymorphism was the only known SNP that could alter the protein structure of VDR. CYP24A1 is the gene encoding vitamin D 24 hydroxylase and is a vitamin D responsive gene. The influence of rs2228570 on transcriptional activation by VDR in human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and periodontal ligament cells (hPDLC) was investigated in this study.@*METHODS@#hGF and hPDLC of 12 donors' were primarily cultured and genomic DNA was extracted. A part of genomic DNA with the length of 267 bp was obtained using PCR, which contained the SNP. VDR-Fok I genotypes were determined according to the results of restriction fragment length polymorphism. hGF and hPDLC were stimulated with 10 nmol/L 1α,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25OH2D3) or 1 000 nmol/L 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) for 48 h before RNA was extracted. Then VDR antagonist ZK159222 was used or not used during 1,25OH2D3 or 25OHD3 stimulation with hGF and hPDLC. After 1,25OH2D3 stimulation for 48 h, the proteins in hGF and hPDLC were also collected. The protein expressions of CYP24A1 and VDR were detected using Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Among the 12 donors' cell cultures, the number of FF, ff and Ff genotypes was 4, 3 and 5, respectively.After stimulation with 1,25OH2D3 or 25OHD3 for 48 h,CYP24A1 mRNA levels in FF-hGF were significantly higher than those in other hGF genotypes(1,25OH2D3: F=31.147, P<0.01; 25OHD3: F= 32.061,P <0.01), as was in FF-hPDLC (1,25OH2D3: F=23.347, P<0.01; 25OHD3: F=32.569,P<0.01). When ZK159222 was used before 1,25OH2D3 stimulation, this statistically significant difference disappeared (hGF: F=0.246, P=0.787; hPDLC: F=0.574, P=0.583). When ZK159222 was used before 25OHD3 stimulation, the trend was similar (hGF: F=1.636, P=0.248; hPDLC: F=0.582, P=0.578).After stimulation with 1,25OH2D3 for 48 h, CYP24A1 protein levels in FF-hGF were significantly higher than those in the other hGF genotypes (F=12.368, P <0.01), as was in FF-hPDLC (F=15.749, P <0.01). In hGF and hPDLC, the mRNA or protein expression of VDR of different genotypes was not significantly different under different stimulation conditions.The paired comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the expression of CYP24A1 in hGF and that in hPDLC under all the stimulation conditions, as was the expression of VDR.@*CONCLUSION@#In hGF and hPDLC, the FF-VDR genotype is associated with the more remarkable up-regulation of CYP24A1than the other genotypes, indicating that transcriptional activation of FF-VDR might be higher than those of other vitamin D receptors.

Development and evaluation of a rapid PCR detection kit for Ophiocordyceps sinensis / 中国中药杂志

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. Due to resource shortage, expensive price and huge market demand, there are many adulterants of O. sinensis in markets. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid and effective method for distinguishing O. sinensis. Based on the species-specific PCR of O. sinensis, this study developed a detection kit by optimizing the components and evaluated the specificity, detection limit, repeatability and shelf life of the kit. The results showed that when the quality of O. sinensis accounted for more than 1/200 of that mixture, it could be detected successfully. Moreover, only O. sinensis could be amplified and glowed bright green fluorescence under ultraviolet light. The kit was still in effect when it was placed at 37 ℃ for three days, which indicated that it was stable and effective for one year stored in 4 ℃. The kit in the same batch under different operation conditions, and in different batch under the same operation conditions gave the same result and accuracy, which showed good repeatability of the kit. It is simple, rapid and accurate to distinguish O. sinensis from its adulterants using the kit, and lays the foundation for commercialization of traditional Chinese medicine fast detection kit.

Evaluation of Six Recombinant Proteins for Serological Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of six recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and screened out the appropriate antigens to support the production of a Chinese clinical ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit for LB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six recombinant antigens, Fla B.g, OspC B.a, OspC B.g, P39 B.g, P83 B.g, and VlsE B.a, were used for ELISA to detect serum antibodies in LB, syphilis, and healthy controls. The ELISA results were used to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the sensitivity and specificity of each protein was evaluated. All recombinant proteins were evaluated and screened by using logistic regression models.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two IgG (VlsE and OspC B.g) and two IgM (OspC B.g and OspC B.a) antigens were left by the logistic regression model screened. VlsE had the highest specificity for syphilis samples in the IgG test (87.7%, P<0.05). OspC B.g had the highest diagnostic value in the IgM test (AUC=0.871). Interactive effects between OspC B.a and Fla B.g could reduce the specificity of the ELISA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three recombinant antigens, OspC B.g, OspC B.a, and VlsE B.a, were useful for ELISAs of LB. Additionally, the interaction between OspC B.a and Fla B.g should be examined in future research.</p>