Application and mechanism of virtual reality technology in post-stroke rehabilitation of the hemiplegic upper limb / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality is an important assistive technology of upper limb motor function rehabilitation in recent years. The possible mechanism has become one of the research hotspots in the field of neural rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application status and possible mechanism of virtual reality technology in post-stroke functional rehabilitation of the hemiplegic upper limb, as well as its future development. METHODS: We searched the articles in PubMed, Web of Science, WanFang and CNKI with the keywords of “stroke; brain hemorrhage; brain infarction; virtual reality; upper limb; hand; motor function; rehabilitation; neurorehabilitation; mechanism” in English and Chinese, respectively. The search time was from June 2000 to December 2019. Eventually, 102 articles that met the criteria were recruited. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Combined with conventional rehabilitation, virtual reality can significantly improve the motor function of the hemiplegic upper limb in post-stroke patients, and do better in improving patients’ compliance and saving labor cost than conventional training. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence to prove that virtual reality training alone is superior to conventional rehabilitation. The training effect may be affected by different factors in different stages of post-stroke patients. Virtual reality training may activate sensorimotor center by visual feedback and achieve motor recovery through improving cortical reorganization. Due to the imperfection of current theoretical models, further researches are expected.

Diagnostic value of procalcitonin detection in Candida bloodstream infection / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical application value of serum procalcitonin(PCT) in patients with Candida bloodstream infection.Methods The data of 783 hospitalized patients of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital including blood culture and serum PCT test were retrospectively analyzed,and the medical records of patients with Candida or bacterial bloodstream infection were evaluated by univaxiate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.The comparison of PCT value were carried out among the different blood culture groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic performance of the PCT.Results The PCT was 0.21 (0.06,1.02) ng/mL in the 510 patients with negative blood culture,but in 121 patients with Candida infection and 152 patients with bacteria infections,the PCT levels were 1.15 (0.38,6.85) ng/ mL and 2.34 (0.77,15.12) ng/mL,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in PCT levels among three groups(P＜0.05).According to ROC,when the value of PCT was 0.355 ng/mL,the sensitivity was 76.9％,and the specificity was 60.8％ with 0.726 area under the curve (AUC) (P＜0.01) for the identification of Candida infection by blood cultures.Conclusions Serum PCT levels have a certain diagnostic value for Candida bloodstream infection.In critically ill patients with factors associated with candidemia,the combination of clinical symptoms with PCT as an adjuvant diagnostic marker and other laboratory findings can be used to make a prompt and effective initiation of antifungal therapy.

Clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from bloodstream infections: PFGE characterization and virulence-associated factors / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective The epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from bloodstream infections,their antibiotic resistance profiles and virulence-associated factors were studied.Methods A total of 90 isolates from 17 hospitals were collected from the patients with bloodstream infections during July 2013 and July 2014.Vitek-2 Compact system was used for identification of the strains and antibiotic susceptibility testing.The epidemiology was studied by pulsed-field gelectrophoresis(PFGE).Drug-resistant genes and associated virulence genes were amplified by PCR.Results According to antimicrobial susceptibility testing,75 isolates are multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.PFGE results showed that 75 multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonged to eight clone types(A to H),with the A (n=51)and B (n=14)clone being the dominant PFGE clone types.Different clone isolates spread in different hospitals.Most of the hospitals were given priority to with clone A.Clone A only maintaining high sensitive rate to cefoperazone/sulbactam、amikacin and tigecycline.Virulence gene abaI,cusE,ompA,bap,bfms detection rates are 93.3% (84/90),92.2% (83/90),100.0% (90/90),84.4% (76/90),92.2% (83/90),respectively.There were 7 mucoid isolates,which are all multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,all belong to clone B and all associated virulence genes can be detected.Conclusions The dominant clone type of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from bloodstream infections is clone A.The abaI-,bap-and bfms-positive strains are associated with a higher incidence of antibiotic resistance in most types of antimicrobials.The acquisition of mucous type may indicate the emergence of virulent strains,which should be paid attention to during clinical treatment.

Inhibitory effect of cabozantinib against Listeria monocytogenes invasion in Caco-2 cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib (XL-184) in inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes (LM) from invading Caco-2 cells to reduce the cell injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cell invasion capacity of LM was assayed in Caco-2 cells incubated with different doses of XL-184 for different durations. Caco-2 cells incubated with XL-184 were seeded on the upper room of the transwell chamber, and the cell monolayer was exposed to LM infection followed by addition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER), HRP concentration and LM colony-forming unit (CFU) were measured in the cell monolayer. Fluorescent staining was used to evaluate the cell viability, and LDH release from the cells was examined to assess the changes in cell membrane permeability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>XL-184 significantly decreased LM invasion rate in Caco-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P=0.000), and this effect was enhanced by co-incubation of the cells with ampicillin (P<0.05). In the cell membrane permeability assay in the monolayer cells, XL-184 markedly inhibited LM-induced reduction of TEER (P<0.05) and significantly suppressed LM-induced enhancement of cell membrane permeability shown by reduced HRP concentration and LM count in the lower chamber (P=0.000). The cells infected with LM showed significantly lowered cell viability, which was rescued by XL-184 (P<0.01); XL-184 also dose-dependently reduced LDH release from the cells (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>XL-184 can suppress LM invasion in Caco-2 cells to reduce the cell injury, suggesting its value as a promising candidate agent for prevention and treatment of LM infections.</p>

Effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction and its simple prescription (Naojian tablet) on CDK4/Cyclin D1 expression of rats with cerebral ischemia / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the regulating effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction and its simple prescription (Naojian tablet) on CDK4/Cyclin D1 expression in hippocampus tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia, SD rats were divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, the Buyang Huanwu decoction group (ig, 3.15 g · kg⁻¹) and the simple prescription group (ig, 2.41 g · kg⁻¹). Each group was further divided into five subgroups based on time points after the administration, i. e. 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d, respectively. CDK4/Cyclin D1 expressions of the group at different time points were examined by using immunohistochemistry and real-time qPCR. According to the results, the cerebral ischemia model group showed higher CDK4/Cyclin D1 expression than the sham-operation groups (P < 0.05), suggesting that the cell cycle signal pathway would be activated by the cerebral ischemic injury. Both Buyang Huanwu decoction and simple prescription groups showed significantly lower cyclin expression than the model group at 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d (P < 0.05), indicating both Buyang Huanwu decoction and its simple prescription could play the neuroprotective effect through the cell cycle signal pathway.

Analysis on morphology and stability of femoral hip prosthesis based on the revision operation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>According to the information obtained from the revision of total hip arthroplasty, the situations of the artificial femoral stem under physiological stress were analyzed preliminarily. In order to accumulate clinical experience, the discussions about how to enlongate the life of artifical joints were performed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three patients required revision operations were selected, including 28 males and 25 females,with an average age of 74.66 years old (61 to 84 years old). The average life of artificial joints was 18.24 years (3 to 27 years). The initial weightbearing was started 11 days (5 to 16 days) after the first operation. The main reasons for the revision were the spontaneous loosening and trauma. Based on imaging and surgical findings, as well as the histological pathology, the situations of the stems in human bodies were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Femoral prosthesis would sink under physiological stress. The design of femoral stems, motion of patients', and bone growth determined the secondary stability. Straight stems were helpful for physiological subsidence of prosthesis, achieving the stability with close bone-implant contact by bone growth,which allowed the patient to do early landing exercise. The collared prosthesis and prosthesis combined with internal fixation limited the subsidence of femoral stems. Their stability depends on the time of initial placement and the bone growth for supporting. Delaying the inital weightbearing was suggested for patients with these protheses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to the actual situation of the patients, the appropriate chosen of femoral stems and time to perform the weightbearing can extend the life of the femoral prosthesis.</p>

Biomechanical research on upper femur with vertical and bending stress / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the bone state with ultimate stress by examining biomechanical distribution of upper femur in Chinese, in order to accumulate more experiences for clinical work.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 60 Chinese femurs from fresh cadavers were randomly divided into two groups. All the femurs were cleaned, and the body age ranged from 36 to 72 years old, averaged 56.4 years, including 41 from males, and 19 from females. These two groups underwent mechanical stress and bending stress tests. Special mechanical laboratory and machines were used to get the information. Results about the loading value at each testing point under stress were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The four faces of the upper femur suffered different stress under external forces. The bone on upper femur can tolerate more mechanical stress than bending stress. Medial and lateral region of the femur neck and the rear side of the small tuberosity section were themain position enduring the vertical stress. The rear position of the base femur neck and the small tuberosity section were the main regions enduring the bending stress. Those main positions had strong cancellous bones. The intertrochanteric fracture fixation and artificial femoral stems were designed depending on this biomechanical basis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to our experiment result, doctors need to chose more effective fixations for upper femur fracture, and femoral stems for the patients. More information should be collected by further researches.</p>

Buyang Huanwu Decoction () reduces infarct volume and enhances estradiol and estradiol receptor concentration in ovariectomized rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (, BYHWD) on estradiol (E2) and estradiol receptor (ER) in serum and brain in ovariectomized rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult female rats were ovariectomized and focal cerebral ischemic was induced by MCAO. Rats were randomly divided into normal, ovariectomy (OVX), MCAO, OVX+MCAO, OVX+MCAO+E2, and OVX+MCAO+BYHWD group. Rats were administered BYHWD 5 g/kg daily, estradiol valerate 500 μg/kg per day or distilled water for 7 consecutive days. Neuronal function and infarct volume were measured on day 7 after artery occlusion, and E2 and ER concentration in serum and brain were checked by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BYHWD significantly improved the neurological behavior, reduced the infarction volume, increased E2 concentration in serum and brain, and increased ER concentration in the brain in ovariectomized rats after MCAO.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The neuroprotective effects of BYHWD are associated with estrogen and its receptor.</p>

Comparative study on effect of three preparations of xiaoyao formula on soothing liver and strengthening spleen / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of three preparations of xiaoyao formula (xiaoyao capsule, xiaoyao pill and Xiaoyao decoction) on soothing liver and strengthening spleen.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The liver depression and spleen deficiency rat model were established by forcing swimming, confining movement test and feeding on alternate days. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups, namely the blank group, the model group, the Cisapride group (2.7 mg x kg(-1)), the xiaoyao decoction group (1.62 g x kg(-1)), the xiaoyao pill group (1.62 g x kg(-1)) and the Xiaoyao capsule groups of high dose (3.24 g x kg(-1)), medium dose (1.62 g x kg(-1)) and low dose (0.81 g x kg(-1)), with intragastric administration for 3 weeks. The contents of NE, DA, 5-HT in serum were measured by HPLC-electrochemical detection method. The contents of motilin (MTL) and somatostation (SS) in plasma was determined by radioimmunassay. The expressions of MTL and SS in tissue were determined by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of NE and MTL in the xiaoyao decoction group was significantly higher than that in the model group, while the content of 5-HT and SS was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.01). The expression of MTL in the xiaoyao capsule group (1.62 g x kg(-1)) was significantly higher than that in the model group and the contents of 5-HT and SS was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The mean optical density of MTL in gastrointestinal tissue of rats in the xiaoyao decoction group and the xiaoyao capsule group (1.62 g x kg(-1)) was remarkably higher than that in the model group, while the expression of SS was notably lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All of the three preparations of Xiaoyao formula have the effect on soothing liver and strengthening spleen. Xiaoyao decoction shows better effect than xiaoyao capsule with same dosage, while xiaoyao capsule shows better effect than xiaoyao pill with same dosage.</p>

A preliminary study on efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine for high risk leukemia patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) by myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine for high risk leukemia patients. 25 refractory and relapsed leukemia patients underwent allo-HSCT with new conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Donors for 15 patients were sibling, but donors for the rest 10 patients were all unrelated. HLA matched and mismatched donors were for 15 and 10 patients respectively. The graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A and methotrexate, while mycophenolate mofetil and rabbit anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) were used in case of unrelated and HLA mismatched HSCT. The results showed that unrelated donor HSCT in 10 cases was successful (100%), 14 out of 15 patients with donors of sibling or parent also reconstructed their haematopoietic system. One mismatched patient (4/6) died of graft failure. The time from transplantation to ANC > 0.5 × 10(9)/L and Plt > 20 × 10(9)/L were 13 (11 - 19) days and 13 (12-20) days after transplantation respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was 12.5% (3/24) and 47.4% (9/19), respectively. In a follow-up duration of 6-84 months, 12 patients were dead, out of which 8 died of relapse; 1 cases died of regimen-associated side effect. 3 cases died of serious infection. The other 13 patients remained alive and disease-free survival probability was 48.7%. It is concluded that allo-HSCT by myeloablative conditioning regimen with fludarabine is a safe and effective option for high risk leukemia patients, which reduces aGVHD incidence and regimen-associated side effect, but it should be modified for higher rate of relapse.

A five-year follow-up of one hundred and thirty-six patients of hepatitis C / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical outcome and effect of interferon treatment on patients with chronic hepatitis C.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>136 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis C were followed up by methods of retrospective survey combined with prospective study. SPSS16. 0 was used to perform chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>136 cases of patients were infected with HCV virus mainly through blood and blood products transfusion. They were diagnosed mainly between 2000 and 2005. 98 cases of them had anti-viral treatment with interferon and ribavirin, while the rest did not; 12 new cases developed HCV-related cirrhosis or liver carcinoma in five years, which accounted for 8.8% of the total. Among 76 cases once treated with interferon, 46 cases (60.5%) relapsed in five years. For patients with age < 40, the rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were 0, and patients with age ≥ 40 but < 60 years, the rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were 12.5% (7/56 cases), while for those ≥ 60 years old the rates were 35.7% (10/28 cases). The difference was significant ( B = 0.111, Wald = 4.324, P = 0.038) as analysed by logistic regression. The rates of cirrhosis and liver cancer were zero for those with normal or within twice the upper normal AST limit in five years, 43.5% (10/23 cases) for those with AST ranging from 2 to 4 fold the upper normal limit, and 58.3% (7/12 cases) for those with AST higher than four times the upper normal limit. The difference was also significant ( B = 2.184, Wald = 5.443, P = 0.02) by logistic regression analysis. The rate of relapse was 29.7% (11/37 cases) for those using pegylated interferon and 89.7% (35/39 cases) for those using interferon. The difference was significant ( Result of logistic regression showed-B = -2.077, Wald = 4.352, P = 0.037). The rate of relapse was 100% (15/15 cases) for those with treatment less than 24 weeks, 76.2% (16/21 cases) for those with treatment more than 24 weeks but less than 48 weeks, and 37.5% (14/40 cases) for those with treatment more than 48 weeks. The difference was significant (Result of logistic regression showed-B = -1.632, Wald = 6.651, P = 0.01). 42 cases of the relapsed (91.3%) were administrated with interferon once again with ideal effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hepatitis C virus infection increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Interferon combined with ribavirin therapy could effectively control the virus and improve outcomes. We can reduce the incidence of relapse by choosing the treatment of pegylated interferon instead of interferon and by completing the full treatment.</p>

The effects of diethylene glycol on liver function / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hepatotoxic effects of accidental intravenous diethylene glycol (DEG.) poisoning in patients with liver disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data and liver function results were obtained from 64 patients with liver diseases who had been accidentally treated with diethyl glycol-contaminated agent and 45 cases with hepatorenal failure. The hepatotoxic effects of diethylene glycol DEG on the patients with liver diseases were assessed by multivariable logistical regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 64 cases with liver diseases, 15 cases (23.4%) developed toxic presentations following the accidental administration of DEG. All affected cases were male. Twelve of the 15 poisoned patients (80%), died within 7 days of exposure to DEG. The most common clinical manifestations included kidney damage, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and nerve system disturbances. The intravenous administration of DEG resulted in only mild liver function impairment. In terms of risk factors, both gender (r = 4.266, P less than 0.05) and the severity of jaundice prior to DEG administration were related to the occurrence of toxin-induced renal failure (r = 7.640, P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DEG may worsen liver damage in patients with liver diseases.</p>

Changes of Clara cell protein and surfactant protein-D in serum of patients with silicosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore changes of Clara cell protein (CC16) and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in the serum of patients with silicosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The concentrations of CC16 and SP-D were measured in the serum by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The subjects consisted of 30 healthy volunteers and 90 silica-exposed workers including silica-exposed group, the silicosis of suspects group (0(+)) and the silicosis phase I group, 30 subjects each groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of CC16 in the serum was significantly decreased in silica-exposed workers compared to controls (P < 0.01); The concentrations of CC16 in the serum were higher in lifelong nonsmokers than the current smokers in control subjects (P < 0.05), but they were no differences between lifelong nonsmokers and current smokers of 90 silica-exposed workers. Compared with control subjects, the levels of SP-D in the serum of silicosis suspects (0(+)) and silicosis phase I groups were significantly elevated (P < 0.01, respectively), which were also higher than silica-exposed group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), Discriminant equations set by CC16 and SP-D were used in diagnosis of silicosis, and the rate of accuracy in healthy volunteers, the silica-exposed group and the silicosis phase I group were 86.7%, 86.7% and 76.7%, respectively, The total rate of correct classification hit 84.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum CC16 of long-term silica-exposed workers is decreased, and SP-D is increased gradually.</p>

Effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on brain development of intrauterine growth retardation rats / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on brain development of intrauterine growth retardation rats,and to demonstrate the relationship between brain and kidney in TCM.Methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups at random: normal group,model group,Huangqi(HQ) and Liuwei Dihuang(LD) treated groups.The IUGR model was established by passive smoking.On the 19th day of pregnancy,all rats were killed;the total numbers of embryos,the lively,dead and absorbed embryos were counted.The body and brain weight of lively embryos were scaled respectively,then microstructure and apoptosis in brain were observed.Results: Passive smoking can result in the number of dead and absorbed embryos increases.Compared with normal group,the number of apoptotic cells of model group increased.Compared with model group,in Huangqi and Liuwei Dihuang treated groups,the number of dead and absorbed embryos decreased apparently,body and brain weight increased obviously,the number of apoptotic cells reduced significantly(P

Therapeutic effects of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with peptic ulcers / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with peptic ulcers.@*METHODS@#One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 6 groups. Another 10 patients as the control group were confirmed with no peptic ulcers by endoscope, but had digestive tract symptoms. The clinical effects were compared among each group after the one month treatment.@*RESULTS@#The clinical effects of the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules were better than those of western medicine, with improvement in symptoms and syndrome (P 0.05). The combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules could significantly upregulate the expression of MUCSAC mRNA (P < 0.01), while downregulate the expression of ETAR mRNA (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#There is obvious advantage in treating peptic ulcers by the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules, and its mechanisms may be to protect the gastric mucosal barrier by up-regulating the expression of MUCSAC mRNA and to improve the gastric mucosal blood flow by down-regulating the expression of ETAR mRNA.

Therapeutic effect and prognosis of interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus was randomly divided into 2 groups. Thirty-one cases were treated with TACE and Interferon. Thirty-one cases with TACE only. HBV DNA, clinical effect, intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate and survival rate were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 31 patients in TACE+IFN group, 17 (54.8%) were negative for HBV DNA at the end of treatment. None of TACE group was negative for HBV DNA. The intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate at 1 year and 2 years in TACE+IFN group was 16.1%, 29.0%, compared with 38.7%, 61.3% in TACE group (chi-square = 3.97, chi-square 6.51, P < 0.05). The survival rate in the former was 83.9% and 74.2% respectively, compared with that of 61.3% and 38.7% in the latter (chi-square = 3.97, chi-square = 7.94, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Interferon therapy after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization resulted low recurrence and long survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus. This method showed fewer side effects and should be recommended.</p>

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSABACTERIOPHAGE AND DETERMINATION OF PHAGE-RSISTANCEMUTATION FREQUENCE / 微生物学通报

Three bactreiophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from sewage and named as PaP1, PaP2 and PaP3. All belong to double-strand DNA phages, their genome is about 47kb, 34kb and 24kb respectively. The titre (pfu/mL) of three phages is respectively 109, 1011 and 1011, PaP1 is lytic phage, both PaP2 and PaP3 are lysogenic. Under electron microscope, All show icosahedral heads with diameter of 70nm, 55nm and 65nm respectively. PaPl belongs taxonomically to Myoviridae, and both of PaP2 and PaP3 belong to Pedoviridae. The phage-re-sistance and substitution phenomenon of the resistant flora for the sensitive were observed, and the mutation frequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to the phage is about 1.4 ? 10-7 ~ 7.9 ?10-7 determined by end-point -titer method.