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The whole herb of Solanum nigrum L. can be used as the herbal drug. In this study, UHPLC-Q Exactive high resolution mass combined with GNPS molecular network was used for the rapid characterization of the components in the leaves of S. nigrum L. A total of 157 compounds were identified, including 30 steroid alkaloids, 61 steroid saponins, 35 flavonoids, and 31 other compounds (amino acids and organic acids), by comparison with the data reported in the literature, and mass fragmentation characteristics analysis, as well as the correlation of known and unknown nodes in the GNPS molecular network. Compared with the fruits and stems, the leaves of S. nigrum L was rich in a variety of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, and flavonoids, and the results lay the foundation for the precise resources utilization of S. nigrum L.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the whole genome characteristic of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus outbreak in a school in Jining, so as to serve as a reference for prevention and control of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09．Methods Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detected the 12 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients. The positive specimens were cultured and sequenced the whole genome. DNASTAR was used to analyze the homology. MEGA was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. NetNGly, GPS-SUMO, NetPhos were used to predict the glycosylation sites, the small ubiquitin-like modifier sites and the phosphorylation sites respectively. Results Among of 12 specimens, 4 specimens were showed positive for influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus nucleic acid, and 4 virus strains were isolated. Compared to the vaccine strain A/Brisbane/02/2018, the homology of nucleic acids of 8 gene segments was 98.5%-99.8%. The homology of amino acids of 10 proteins was 98.2%-100%. In the evolutionary tree analysis, four strains were located in two evolutionary clusters, three strains in the same evolutionary cluster and one strain in a different evolutionary cluster. A total of 50 amino acid site substitutions occurred in the 10 proteins encoded by the four strains, including two amino acid sites in the hemagglutinin antigen epitope, and there was no mutation in the neuraminidase (NA) protease active site, polymerase acidic protein (PA), polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) and polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) inhibitor resistance sites, and neuraminidase inhibitor resistance sites. In addition, the glycosylation sites and SUMO sites were not mutated, while multiple phosphorylation sites were substituted. Conclusions There are 2 different sources of influenza A (H1N1) virus causing the school influenza outbreak. School influenza outbreak surveillance and school influenza prevention and control should be strengthened should be enhanced.
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With the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China as well as the implementation of the four most strict requirements, the quality of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces had beem improved in recent years, however new problems and challenges were occurred. All the data of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction piece in special inspection,supervision test and evaluation inspection of drug administration department to were summarized and analyzed evaluate and analyze of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces in 2017. On this basis, the relevant quality control strategies and suggestions were put forward for the relevant departments of China Food and Drug Administration to formulate and implement regulatory measures, furthermore to improve drug standards, and ensure the safety of medication.
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China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objective:To screen and identify the protein that interacts with the adhesion protein of Mycoplasma genitalium (MgPa)from T7-phage display cDNA library of human uroepithelial cells(SV-HUC-1).Methods:Recombinant adhesion protein of My-coplasma genitalium(rMgPa)was used as target molecule to biopan the T7 phage display cDNA library of SV-HUC-1 cell,the selected positive clones were analysed using DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis and identified by means of indirect ELISA,Dot immunoblot and Far-western blot.Results:After four rounds of biopanning,positive phages were obviously enriched.According to the results of DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis,the selected randomly 32 positive clones included 7 kinds different sequences,of which the number of RPL35 repeats was the most.The results of indirect ELISA,Dot immunoblot and Far-western blot showed that 7 representative phages could bind specifically with rMgPa.Conclusion:60S ribosomal protein L35(RPL35) may be the interacting protein of MgPa,which lays the experimental foundation for understanding the function of MgPa and the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma genitalium.
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Artificial prosthetic material is one of the important factors determining the effect of artificial hip replacement.There are mainly three types of interfaces in the prosthetic materials: the fixed in-terface,the friction interface,and the interface between the modular prostheses.Porous metals improve the osseointegration of the bio-logical fixed interface.High crosslinking polyethylene and composite ceramics significantly reduce the wear of the friction interface.The modular prostheses of ceramic ball head can reduce the wear particles and corrosion.However,the prosthesis loosening,wear and metal corrosion are still the most important factors affecting the medium-long term effects of artificial hip replacement.This article reviews the research progress of artificial hip prosthesis materials from the perspective of the three prosthetic interfaces.
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The study aims at developing a convenient and specific method for the identification of Fel Serpentis DNA. The methods of Fel Serpentis genomic DNA purification were tested and optimized, four pairs of specific primers for the amplification of COⅠ, Cyt b and 16S were designed. Then the best pair of primers were selected according to the specificity and efficiency. The DNA fragment about 400 bp was amplified from 20 kinds of Fel Serpentis, whereas no DNA fragment was amplified from other animal samples under the same condition. This method is specific,accurate and reproducible, which provides a useful tool for the quality control of Fel Serpentis.
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AIM:To explore the effect of phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis for cataract patients with glaucoma.METHODS:From May 2013 to December 2014,120 eyes of 113 patients with cataract and glaucoma admitted to our department were selected,and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,88 eyes received phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis (Group A),32 eyes received phacoemulsification (Group B).All the patients were followed up at 1wk,1,2,and 6mo and 1a postoperatively.The visual acuity,intraocular pressure,visual field,anterior chamber depth and angle changes before and after the surgery were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Vision:at each follow-up time point,their vision was improved significantly than before the surgery (P＜ 0.05) in both the groups,and Group A was significantly better than that in Group B (P＜ 0.05).Intraocular pressure:compared with preoperative data,it decreased significantly at each follow-up time point (P＜0.05),and Group A significantly decreased much more compared with Group B (P＜0.05).Visual field:compared with preoperative data,it increased significantly at each follow-up time point (P＜0.05),and Group A significantly had better effect than Group B (P＜ 0.05).After the surgery,the anterior chamber depth were evidently higher than those before the surgery (P＜ 0.001),and Group A significantly had higher anterior chamber depth than Group B (P＜0.05).The angle grading after the surgery were improved remarkably than before the operation (P＜ 0.05),and Group A was significantly superior to Group B.There were no serious complications in the two groups.CONCLUSION:Compared with simply phacoemulsification,phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis is safer,and has better effectiveness for cataract patients with glaucoma.In addition,the latter has advantages in increasing the depth of the anterior chamber,and improving the openness of angle,as well as improving the vision and visual field,while reducing the intraocular pressure.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine HIV self-testing uptake and its determinates among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016. Participants were users of a popular Chinese gay networking application and had an unknown or negative HIV status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with HIV self-testing based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 5,996 MSM included in the study, 2,383 (39.7%) reported to have used HIV self-testing kits. Willingness to use an HIV self-test kit in the future was expressed by 92% of the participants. High monthly income (AOR = 1.49; CI = 1.10-2.02; P = 0.010), large number of male sex partners (⋝ 2: AOR = 1.24; CI = 1.09-1.43; P = 0.002), sexual activity with commercial male sex partners (⋝ 2: AOR = 1.94; CI = 1.34 -2.82; P = 0.001), long-term drug use (AOR = 1.42; CI = 1.23-1.62; P < 0.001), and long-term HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) attendance (AOR = 3.62; CI = 3.11-4.22; P < 0.001) were all associated with increased odds of HIV self-testing uptake.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nearly 40% rate of HIV self-testing uptake among MSM in our sample was high. In addition, an over 90% willingness to use kits in the future was encouraging. HIV self-testing could be an important solution to help China achieve the global target of having 90% of all people living with HIV diagnosed by 2020.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Beijing , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , HIV Infections , Diagnosis , Epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male , Patient Participation , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A method of thin-layer fingerprinting chromatogram of artificial cow-bezoar was established with the developing solvent consisting of cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, acetic acid and methanol (2∶7∶1∶2), and 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution sprayed as colour-developing agent. After heated at 105 ℃, TLC was recorded as an image in ultraviolet light at 366 nm which was converted into grayscale. By the gray value extracted from the grayscale, the multivariate data obtained from TLC of samples could be analyzed by chemometric method. The results indicated that samples from different manufacturers could be distinguished by this method and some specific bands were found out. All in one, this simple and practical method was suitable for the evaluation of quality difference.
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Objective To understand the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture.Methods Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture specimens of hospitalized patients between January 2012 and December 2016 was analyzed,antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed.Results A total of 139 strains of Enterococcus spp.were isolated,including 78 strains of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium),60 Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis),and 1 Enterococcus avium (E.avium),accounting for 56.11％,43.17％,and 0.72％ respectively;56.83％ of patients were ＞60 years and 17.27％ were ≤28 days.The main department sources of strains were intensive care unit and neonatal department,accounting for 34.53％ and 18.70％respectively.There was only 1 strain of E.avium,which was isolated from neonatal department.Resistance rates of E.faecium to penicillin,ampicillin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and nitrofurantoin were all higher than E.faecalis(all P＜0.05),while resistance rate to tetracycline was lower than E.faecalis(P =0.001).Resistance rates of E.faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 2.56％ and 6.41％ respectively;resistance rates of E.faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were 0 and 3.33％ respectively.Conclusion E.faecium and E.faecalis are the main Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture,most are isolated from the elderly patients and newborns.Resistance rates of E.faecium to most antimicrobial agents are higher than E.faecalis,resistance rates of E.faecium and E.faecalis to linezolid are both higher than resistance rates to vancomycin,key monitoring needs to be continued.
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid, which is safe, effective and independent on insulin. FGF21 is considered as a prospective anti-diabetic drug. The aim of this study was to express recombinant h-FGF21 in periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. The pET27b plasmid was used to create the expression vectors of h-FGF21 with a PelB secretion signal. The ph-FGF21 (periplasmic expression of h-FGF21) was successfully expressed in the periplasm of E. coli BL21 (DE3), and soluble ph-FGF21 was isolated by disruption of the outer membrane. After twice of ion exchange chromatography, the purity of ph-FGF21 was above 95% in an analysis with a gray analysis software. The molecular weight of ph-FGF21 was about 20 kDa in SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. The activity of ph-FGF21 and ih-FGF21 (intracellular expression of h-FGF21) was observed in vitro in the glucose uptake assay in HepG2 cells. The activity was observed in type 2 diabetic db/db mice after short or long-term treatments. The results suggest that the ph-FGF21 has a consistent activity with ih-FGF21 in vitro and in vivo.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic joint disease that manifests as knee pain as well as different degrees of lower limb swelling, stiffness, and movement disorders. The therapeutic goal is to alleviate or eliminate pain, correct deformities, improve or restore joint functions, and improve the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zhuanggu joint capsules combined with celecoxib and the benefit of treatment with Zhuanggu alone for KOA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel controlled trial, started from December 2011 to May 2014, was carried out in 6 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Changchun, Chengdu, and Nanjing. A total of 432 patients with KOA were divided into three groups (144 cases in each group). The groups were treated, respectively, with Zhuanggu joint capsules combined with celecoxib capsule simulants, Zhuanggu joint capsules combined with celecoxib capsules, and celecoxib capsules combined with Zhuanggu joint capsule simulants for 4 weeks consecutively. The improvement of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and the decreased rates in each dimension of WOMAC were evaluated before and after the treatment. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons of quantitative indices were performed. Statistically significant differences were evaluated with pairwise comparisons using Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test) and an inspection level of α = 0.0167.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four weeks after treatment, the total efficacies of Zhuanggu group, combination group, and celecoxib group were 65%, 80%, and 64%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (P = 0.005). Intergroup pairwise comparisons showed that the total efficacy of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the Zhuanggu (P = 0.005) and celecoxib (P = 0.003) groups. The difference between the latter two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.0167). Four weeks after discontinuation, the efficacies of the three groups were 78%, 95%, and 65%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001). Intergroup pairwise comparisons revealed that the efficacy of the combination group was significantly better than that of the Zhuanggu and the celecoxib groups (P < 0.0001). The difference between the latter two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.0167). The incidences of adverse events in Zhuanggu group, combination group, and celecoxib group were 8.5%, 8.5%, and 11.1%, respectively, with insignificant differences (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Zhuanggu joint capsules alone or combined with celecoxib showed clinical efficacy in the treatment of KOA. The safety of Zhuanggu joint capsules alone or combined with celecoxib was acceptable.</p><p><b>TRIAL REGISTRATION</b>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-15007267; http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=1364.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Celecoxib , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To find the marker peptides of five kinds of glue medicines including deerhorn glue, tortoise shell glue, donkey-hide gelatin, bovine-hide gelatin, and pig-hide gelatin. METHODS: The characteristic peptides of different gelatins were identified by tripsin digestion and HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The marker peptides of five glue medicines were found, ie, donkey-hide gelatin m/z 539.8, deerhorn glue m/z 765.4, tortoise shell glue m/z 631.3, bovinehide gelatin m/z 641.3, pig-hide gelatin m/z 774.5, and the methods which can be used to identify the glue medicines were established according to the marker peptides. CONCLUSION: The marker peptides that we found can be used for the identification of glue medicines.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most effective treatments for phase III and IV hip arthrosis. Lower limb length balancing is one of the determining factors of a successful surgery, particularly in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative change in intra-pelvic obliquity (intra-PO) angle in the coronal plane and its effects on leg length discrepancy (LLD) within 2 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 78 patients (70 females, 8 males) were enrolled in this study. All patients were suffering from DDH with varying degrees of LLD. Pelvic plain radiographs were collected before and after the operation. The intra-PO angles were measured 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 years after THA. At the same time, postoperative LLD was measured with blocking test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PO changed significantly in the first year after THA surgery (0 year vs. 0.5 year, P < 0.01; 0.5 year vs. 1 year, P < 0.01), and the changing value of intra-PO angle (ΔPO) slowed down substantially during the first 2 years after THA (0.5 year vs. 0.5-1 year, P < 0.01; 0.5-1 year vs. 1-2 years, P < 0.01). With the change in intra-PO angle, LLD also got narrow within the 1st year (0 year vs. 0.5 year, P < 0.01; 0.5 year vs. 1 year, P < 0.01). Elderly patients had a smaller intra-PO angle reduction (Group A vs. Group B, P = 0.01; Group B vs. Group C, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intra-PO angle and LLD gap narrowed with time after THA surgery. In particular, elderly patients had smaller change in intra-PO angle.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Hip Joint , General Surgery , Leg Length Inequality , Diagnosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To control the quality of Xihuangwan by improving the qualitative detection of artificial musk inside this pill.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The qualitative detection of artificial musk was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery(GC-MS).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The established GC-MS successfully detected artificial musk in Xihuangwan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GC-MS is reliable,accurate,and practical in the identification of artificial must inside Xihuangwan.</p>
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated , Chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety of artificial musk by determining its content of five hazard heavy metals.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of Pb, Cd,As,Hg,and Cu in artificial musk were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,and Cu was less than 0.35,0.05,0.30,0.20,and 4.50 mg/kg in artificial musk.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Artificial musk has low contents of heavy metals and therefore meets the safety and quality requirments.</p>
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated , Chemistry , Hazardous Substances , Metals, Heavy , Quality ControlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Upregulated CD64 expression on neutrophils is the most useful marker for acute bacterial infections and systemic inflammation. However, it is unknown whether CD64 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). This study was designed to determine whether CD64 is implicated in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and thus, is a suitable marker for SAP. METHODS: SAP was induced in rats with an intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. CD64 expression in the rat pancreas was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the CD64 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes from 21 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 10 patients with SAP was investigated at the time of admission and during remission by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: CD64 mRNA and protein expression in the pancreas was significantly higher in rats with SAP, compared to the controls. The CD64 expression was higher in the patients with SAP than in the patients with MAP. During remission, CD64 mRNA decreased in both the MAP and SAP patients. The area under the curve of CD64 expression for the detection of SAP was superior to both the Ranson and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. CONCLUSIONS: The CD64 level was significantly increased in correlation with the disease severity in SAP and may act as a useful marker for predicting the development of SAP.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acute Disease , Arginine/toxicity , History, Ancient , Immunohistochemistry , Pancreatitis/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, IgG/metabolism , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Previous studies proposed that the synergistic effect of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and insulin may be due to the improvement of insulin sensitivity by FGF-21. However, there is no experimental evidence to support this. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of synergistic effect of FGF-21 and insulin in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The synergistic effect of FGF-21 and insulin on regulating glucose metabolism was demonstrated by investigating the glucose absorption rate by insulin resistance HepG2 cell model and the blood glucose chances in type 2 diabetic db/db mice after treatments with different concentrations of FGF-21 or/and insulin; The synergistic metabolism was revealed through detecting GLUT1 and GLUT4 transcription levels in the liver by real-time PCR method. The experimental results showed that FGF-21 and insulin have a synergistic effect on the regulation of glucose metabolism. The results of real-time PCR showed that the effective dose of FGF-21 could up-regulate the transcription level of GLUT1 in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on the transcription level of GLUT4. Insulin (4 u) alone could up-regulate the transcription level of GLUT4, yet had no effect on that of GLUT1. Ineffective dose 0.1 mg kg(-1) FGF-21 alone could not change the transcription level of GLUT1 or GLUT4. However, when the ineffective dose 0.1 mg x kg(-1) FGF-21 was used in combination with insulin (4 u) significantly increased the transcription levels of both GLUT1 and GLUT4, the transcription level of GLUT1 was similar to that treated with 5 time concentration of FGF-21 alone; the transcription level of GLUT4 is higher than that treated with insulin (4 u) alone. In summary, in the presence of FGF-21, insulin increases the sensitivity of FGF-21 through enhancing GLUT1 transcription. Vice versa, FGF-21 increases the sensitivity of insulin by stimulating GLUT4 transcription in the presence of insulin. FGF-21 and insulin exert a synergistic effect on glucose metabolism through mutual sensitization.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Metabolism , Drug Synergism , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Pharmacology , Glucose , Metabolism , Glucose Transporter Type 1 , Metabolism , Glucose Transporter Type 4 , Metabolism , Hep G2 Cells , Insulin , Pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Liver , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) on learning and memory abilities and antioxidant capacity of D-galactose-induced aging mice. Kunming mice (37.1 +/- 0.62) g were randomly divided into normal control group, model group and FGF-21 high, medium and low dose groups (n = 8). Each group was injected in cervical part subcutaneously with D-galactose 180 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) once a day for 8 weeks. At the same time, FGF-21-treated mice were administered with FGF-21 by giving subcutaneous injection in cervical part at the daily doses of 5, 2 and 1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). The normal control group was given with normal saline by subcutaneous injection in cervical part. At seventh week of the experiment, the learning and memory abilities of mice were determined by water maze and jumping stand tests. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed and the cells damage of hippocampus was observed by HE staining in each group. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the brain of mice were determined. The results showed that different doses of FGF-21 could reduce the time reaching the end (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and the number of touching blind side (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the water maze comparing with the model group. It could also prolong the latency time (P < 0.05) and decrease the number of errors (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the step down test. The result of HE staining showed that FGF-21 could significantly reduce brain cell damage in the hippocampus. The ROS and MDA levels of three different doses FGF-21 treatment group reduced significantly than that of the model group [(5.58 +/- 1.07), (7.78 +/- 1.92), (9.03 +/- 1.77) vs (12.75 +/- 2.02) pmol (DCF) x min(-1) x mg(-1), P < 0.01 or P < 0.05], [(2.92 +/- 0.71), (4.21 +/- 0.81), (4.41 +/- 0.97) vs (5.62 +/- 0.63) nmol x mg(-1) (protein), P < 0.01]. Comparing with the model group, the activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and T-AOC of the three different doses FGF-21 treatment groups were also improved in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrates that FGF-21 can ameliorate learning and memory abilities of D-galactose induced aging mice, improve the antioxidant abilities in brain tissue and delay brain aging. This finding provides a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF-21 as a novel therapeutics for preventing aging.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Aging , Antioxidants , Metabolism , Brain , Catalase , Metabolism , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Pharmacology , Galactose , Glutathione Peroxidase , Metabolism , Hippocampus , Malondialdehyde , Metabolism , Maze Learning , Memory , Superoxide Dismutase , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on NAFLD in MSG-IR mice and to provide mechanism insights into its therapeutic effect. The MSG-IR mice with insulin resistance were treated with high dose (0.1 micromol.kg-1d-1) and low dose (0.025 micromol.kg-1d-1) of FGF21 once a day for 5 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, serum lipids, insulin and aminotransferases were measured. Hepatic steatosis was observed. The expression of key genes regulating energy metabolism were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that after 5 weeks treatment, both doses of FGF21 reduced body weight (P<0.01), corrected dyslipidemia (P<0.01), reversed steatosis and restored the liver morphology in the MSG model mice and significantly ameliorated insulin resistance. Additionally, real-time PCR showed that FGF21 significantly reduced transcription levels of fat synthetic genes, decreased fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis and energy metabolism by up-regulating key genes of lipolysis, thereby liver fat accumulation was reduced and liver function was restored to normal levels. In conclusion, FGF21 significantly reduces body weight of the MSG-IR mice, ameliorates insulin resistance, reverses hepatic steatosis. These findings provide a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF21 as a novel therapeutics for treatment of NAFLD.