ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of urban construction projects on Oncomelania snails control in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into the development of an integrated control strategy for urban schistosomiasis. Methods The data pertaining to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis control data, the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge, marshland management and park constructions were collected from Wuhan City from 1990 to 2020. The changes of areas of snail habitats and high-risk settings were compared before and after implementation of these urban construction projects to evaluate the effectiveness of urban construction projects on Oncomelania snails control. Results The number of schistosomiasis cases decreased by 97.35%, and the number of cattle with schistosomiasis decreased by 100% in Wuhan City from 1990 to 2020, with a 41.99% reduction in areas of snail habitats, including 94.97% and 34.40% reductions in snail habitats inside and outside the embankment decreased. During the period from 1990 through 2020, a total of 10 Yangtze River bridges were built in Wuhan City, and areas of snail habitats around the bridges reduced from 11 699.05 hm2 before the bridge building to 8 726.14 hm2 after the building (a 25.41% reduction), while the areas of high-risk settings reduced from 411.69 hm2 before the bridge building to 276.78 hm2 after the building (a 32.77% reduction). Following treatment of three marshlands in Hankou, Hanyang and Wuchang, the areas of snail habitats reduced from 225.80 hm2 before the management to 199.47 hm2 after the management (a 11.66% reduction), and the areas of high-risk settings reduced from 23.14 hm2 before the treatment to 17.73 hm2 after the building (a 23.38% reduction). Following the building of 5 parks in snail-infested settings, the areas of snail habitats reduced from 319.61 hm2 before the construction to 280.80 hm2 after the construction (a 12.14% reduction), and the areas of high-risk settings reduced from 35.00 hm2 before the construction to 27.73 hm2 after the construction (a 20.77% reduction). Conclusion Simultaneous implementation of urban construction projects and schistosomiasis control measures is effective to shrink snail-infested setting and high-risk settings and control the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in endemic foci in Wuhan City.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (C. hepaticum) in rodents and insectivores from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hepatic Calodium infection. Methods: Rodents and insectivores were captured from three selected Yangtze River beaches using mousetraps. The three survey sites were divided into six areas according to natural conditions, with 60 mousetraps placed in each area. The liver lesions in the captured rodents were observed by the naked eye and the eggs in the liver tissue were observed by microscopic examination. Results: A total of 1 080 mousetraps were placed, and 1 075 mousetraps were retrieved, with the retrieve rate as 99.5%. A total of 101 Apodemus agrarius, 12 Rattus norvegicus, and 9 Crocidura attenuata were caught. The average density of rodents and insectivores was 10.5% and 0.8%, respectively. DNA of egg nodules from infected rodents showed 98% similarity with that of C. hepaticum 18S rRNA (LC425008.1). One Rattus norvegicus was infected with C. hepaticum, with an infection rate of 3.23% in the Erqi river beach; the other two beaches did not show the incidence of C. hepaticum. Conclusions: The monitoring of C. hepaticum in the Yangtze River beaches should be strengthened to reduce the risk of human C. hepaticum infection. Zhou Shui-Mao 1 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Jin Xian-Ling 2 Wuhan Xinzhou Schistosomiasis Control Institute, Wuhan 430015 Wang Hao 3 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Luo Hua-Tang 4 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Jia Xi-Shuai 5 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Wang ZQ, Lin XM, Wang Y, Cui J. The emerging but neglected hepatic capillariasis in China. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(2): 146-147. Shen LJ, Luo ZY, Li W, Li ZH, Gao C, Yang WB, et al. Investigation on rats infected with Capillaria hepatica in Da li. Chin J Parasit Dis Con 2003; 16(5): 296-298. Fischer K, Gankpala A, Gankpala L, Bolay FK, Curtis KC, Weil GJ, et al. Capillaria ova and diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura infection in humans by Kato-Katz smear, Liberia. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24(8): 1551-1554. Fuehrer HP. An overview of the host spectrum and distribution of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica): Part 1-Muroidea. Parasitol Res 2014; 113(2): 619-640. Lin XM, Xu BL, ZHao XD, Li H, Huang Q, Deng Y, et al. Epidemiological investigation on Capillaria hepatica infection among little animal in Henan Province. J Pathogen Bio 2007; 2(1): 44-46. Ling HB, Pan CW, Yi WP, Huang HC, Liu QZ, Zheng XY, et al. Epidemiological and biological studies of Capillaria hepatica of rodents in Wenzhou district. J Wenzhou Med Col 2000; 30(1): 13-15. Fuehrer HP, Igel P, Auer H. Capillaria hepatica in man-an overview of hepatic capillariosis and spurious infections. Parasitol Res 2011; 109(4): 969-979. Simoes RO, Luque JL, Faro MJ, Motta E, Maldonado JR. Prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) in Rattus norvegicus in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56(5): 455-457. Wang ZQ, Cui J, Wang Y. Persistent febrile hepatomegaly with eosinophilia due to hepatic capillariasis in Central China. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2011; 105(6): 469-472. Klenzak J, Mattia A, Valenti A, Goldberg J. Hepatic capillariasis in Maine presenting as a hepatic mass. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 72(5): 651-653.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (C. hepaticum) in rodents and insectivores from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hepatic Calodium infection.Methods: Rodents and insectivores were captured from three selected Yangtze River beaches using mousetraps. The three survey sites were divided into six areas according to natural conditions, with 60 mousetraps placed in each area. The liver lesions in the captured rodents were observed by the naked eye and the eggs in the liver tissue were observed by microscopic examination. Results: A total of 1080 mousetraps were placed, and 1075 mousetraps were retrieved, with the retrieve rate as 99.5％. A total of 101 Apodemus agrarius, 12 Rattus norvegicus, and 9 Crocidura attenuata were caught. The average density of rodents and insectivores was 10.5％ and 0.8％, respectively. DNA of egg nodules from infected rodents showed 98％ similarity with that of C. hepaticum 18S rRNA (LC425008.1). One Rattus norvegicus was infected with C. hepaticum, with an infection rate of 3.23％ in the Erqi river beach; the other two beaches did not show the incidence of C. hepaticum. Conclusions: The monitoring of C. hepaticum in the Yangtze River beaches should be strengthened to reduce the risk of human C. hepaticum infection.