The Structure and Function of the Bunyavirus Nucleoprotein / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Bunyavirus is widely distributed, highly contagious, and has a high fatality rate. It is a negative- strand RNA virus that has a major impact on public health around the world. The development of vaccines and the search for drugs are the key to prevent bunyavirus infection. The nucleoprotein (NP) of viruses is necessary for the synthesis of viral RNA, which combines with viral RNA to form the nucleocapsid, participates in viral assembly and RNA transcription, and plays an important role in viral proliferation. In addition, NP also has B cell and T cell epitopes, which can induce cellular and humoral immunity, so NP is an ideal target for vaccine design and drug development. Given its abundance and specificity, NP is also commonly used in the detection of viral diseases. More and more bunyavirus NP structures and structures of NP-RNA complexes have been resolved. Researchers have discovered two important antiviral targets through these structures, the terminal arm and the RNA binding cleft. This paper reviews the function and three-dimensional structure of the bunyavirus NP and the research progress of NP as an antiviral target, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the bunyavirus disease.

Effects of lentinan on dendritic cell metabolism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of lentinan(LNT)on the metabolism of dendritic cells(DCs)by metabonomics, and uncover the potential mechanism of its regulation of DC function. Methods DC2.4 cells were co-incubated with LNT for 24 h, and the activity of the cells was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay. The contents of interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and interleukin-12(IL-12)in supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The metabolic general changes of DC2.4 cells were detected by Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS), and the differential metabolites were analyzed by multi-distance covariates and bioinformatics, partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA). Finally, metabolic pathway analysis was performed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Results LNT did not significantly inhibit the activity of DC2.4 cells at the dose of 25100 mg·L-1. LNT(100 mg·L-1)could significantly stimulate the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in DC2.4 cells. 20 differential metabolites were identified in DC2.4 cells after being stimulated by LNT(100 mg·L-1), which involved 25 metabolic pathways including urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism. Conclusion The regulation of LNT on DC function involves a variety of amino acid metabolism.

Ultrasound-guided electroacupuncture at suprahyoid muscle group for pharyngeal dysphagia after stroke: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect among ultrasound-guided electroacupuncture (EA) at suprahyoid muscle group, conventional acupuncture and conventional EA at suprahyoid muscle group on pharyngeal dysphagia after stroke, and to explore its biomechanical mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with pharyngeal dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group, a control-1 group and a control-2 group, 40 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group were treated with ultrasound-guided EA at suprahyoid muscle group; the patients in the control-1 group were treated with EA at Lianquan (CV 23), Wangu (GB 12) and Fengchi (GB 20), etc.; the patients in the control-2 group were treated with EA at suprahyoid muscle group according to anatomical location. The EA in the three groups were discontinuous wave, with frequency of 5 Hz and current intensity of 1 mA. The EA was given for 30 minutes, once a day, 6 times were taken as a course of treatment, and 4 courses of treatment were provided. The video floroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed before and after treatment. The Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) score, the forward and upward movement distance of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage, Ichiro Fujima ingestion-swallowing function score were recorded in the three groups, and the incidences of subcutaneous hematoma were recorded after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the PAS scores were reduced and the Ichiro Fujima ingestion-swallowing function scores were increased after treatment in the three groups (P<0.05); the PAS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control-1 group and the control-2 group, and the Ichiro Fujima ingestion-swallowing function scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control-1 group and the control-2 group (P<0.05). After treatment, the forward and upward movement distance of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage in the observation group and the control-2 group was increased (P<0.05), and the forward and upward movement distance of hyoid bone was increased in the control-1 group (P<0.05); the forward and upward movement distance of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage in the observation group was longer than that in the control-1 group and the control-2 group (P<0.05). The incidence of subcutaneous hematoma in the observation group was 0% (0/40), which was lower than 20.0% (8/40) in the control-1 group and 47.5% (19/40) in the control-2 group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ultrasound-guided EA at suprahyoid muscle group could improve the swallowing function in patients with pharyngeal dysphagia after stroke by increasing the motion of hyoid laryngeal complex. Its effect and safety are better than conventional acupuncture and conventional EA at suprahyoid muscle group.

Exercise Enhances SIRT1 Expression and Improves Alzheimer’s Disease / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation are the main pathological features. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) can deacetylate various types of histones and non-histones, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recent studies found that exercise can activate SIRT1 to delay the progression of AD. The mechanisms may be as follows: inhibit the activity of β-secretase and increase the activity of α-secretase to reduce the production of Aβ; reduce the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein; interact with PGC-1α to promote mitochondrial biogenesis; up-regulate PINK1/ Parkin signaling pathway to improve mitochondrial autophagy; and deacetylate NF-κB to inhibit neuroinflammation. In addition, the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in hippocampus are increased, and ApoE4 gene is inhibited to enhance synaptic plasticity. This article summarizes the role and mechanisms of exercise in improving AD by regulating SIRT1, and provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Correlation of circulating tumor DNA EGFR mutation levels with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for non-invasive epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFRm) detection in lung cancer patients, but existing methods have limitations in sensitivity and availability. In this study, we used the ΔCt value (mutant cycle threshold [Ct] value-internal control Ct value) generated during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to convert super-amplification-refractory mutation system (superARMS) from a qualitative method to a semi-quantitative method named reformed-superARMS (R-superARMS), and evaluated its performance in detecting EGFRm in plasma ctDNA in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.@*METHODS@#A total of 41 pairs of tissues and plasma samples were obtained from lung adenocarcinoma patients who had known EGFRm in tumor tissue and were previously untreated. EGFRm in ctDNA was identified by using superARMS. Through making use of ΔCt value generated during the detection process of superARMS, we indirectly transform this qualitative detection method into a semi-quantitative PCR detection method, named R-superARMS. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data were performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables.@*RESULTS@#The concordance rate of EGFRm in tumor tissues and matched plasma samples was 68.3% (28/41). At baseline, EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off ΔCt value of EGFRm set at 8.11. A significant difference in the median OS (mOS) between the two groups was observed (EGFRm ΔCt ≤8.11 vs. >8.11: not reached vs. 11.0 months; log-rank P = 0.024). Patients were divided into mutation clearance (MC) group and mutation incomplete clearance (MIC) group according to whether the ΔCt value of EGFRm test turned negative after 1 month of treatment. We found that there was also a significant difference in mOS (not reached vs. 10.4 months; log-rank P = 0.021) between MC group and MIC group. Although there was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups, the two curves were separated and the PFS of MC group tended to be higher than the MIC group (not reached vs. 27.5 months; log-rank P = 0.088). Furthermore, EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off of the changes in ΔCt value of EGFRm after 1 month of treatment, which was set at 4.89. A significant difference in the mOS between the two groups was observed (change value of ΔCt >4.89 vs. ≤4.89: not reached vs. 11.0 months; log-rank P = 0.014).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Detecting EGFRm in ctDNA using R-superARMS can identify patients who are more likely sensitive to targeted therapy, reflect the molecular load of patients, and predict the therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes of patients.

Shenling Baizhu Powder () Ameliorates Pi (Spleen)-Deficiency-Induced Functional Diarrhea in Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of Pi (Spleen)-deficiency-induced functional diarrhea (FD) model rats treated by Shenling Baizhu Powder (, SBP).@*METHODS@#Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including control, model, low-, medium-, and high-dose SBP groups (SBPLDG, SBPMDG, SBPHDG), 6 rats in each group, respectively. Pi-deficiency-induced FD rats model was developed through Radix et Rhizoma Rhei gavage for 7 days. After modeling, the rats were treated with 3 doses of SBP [0.93, 1.86, and 3.72 g/(kg·d)], and the rats in the control and model groups were given pure water for 7 days. The diarrhea index was calculated. On the 7th and 14th days, the traveled distance of rat was measured by the open field test. Serum D-xylose content was determined by the phloroglucinol method and interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The content of Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the diarrhea index and IL-17 level in the model group were significantly higher and the total exercise distance and D-xylose content significantly decreased (P>0.05). The expression of IL-10 in the SBPHDG group was significantly up-regulated, and serum D-xylose level and Treg cells increased significantly compared with the model group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#High-dose SBP exhibited ameliorating effects against Pi-deficiency induced FD, which might be attributed to its modulations on intestinal absorption function as well as adaptive immunity in mesenteric lymph nodes of rat.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on White Matter Fibers and Learning-memory Function in Rats with Vascular Dementia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints on white matter fiber and learning-memory function in rats with vascular dementia (VD). Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into operation group and sham group (n = 8). The operation group accepted two-vessel occlusion, while the sham group only separated the bilateral common carotid arteries without ligation. The rats modeled successfully were randomly divided into model group (n = 8), non-acupoint group (n = 8) and electroacupuncture group (n = 8). The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting, and the non-acupoint group accepted electroacupuncture at axillary non-acupoint, once a day for 28 days. All the rats were tested with object recognition test before and after intervention, while the white matter fibers were observed with Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Results:Compared with the sham group, the preference coefficients of the model group, the non-acupoint group and the electroacupuncture group decreased before intervention (P< 0.05), and there was no significant difference among the later three groups (P> 0.05). The preference coefficients increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group after intervention (P< 0.05). The fractional anisotropy (FA) of corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus and hippocampus decreased in the model group, the non-acupoint group and the electroacupuncture group compared with the sham group before intervention. FA of hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum and external capsule increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group after intervention. Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve learning-memory function of VD rats, which may be related with repairment of white matter fibers in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and others.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Brain Function of APP/PS1 Mice: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) on brain function of APP/PS1 mice. Methods:Sixteen 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice in the same litter were randomly divided into model group (n = 8) and electroacupuncture group (n = 8). Eight transgenic negative mice in the same litter were as control group. The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for 16 weeks. They were assessed with Object Recognition Test before and after intervention, and observed under small animal functional magnetic resonance imaging with regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. Results:Compared with the control group, the discrimination ratio decreased in the model group after intervention (P < 0.05), while it increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, ReHo of right basal forebrain and left hippocampus decreased in the model group before intervention. Compared with the control group, ReHo decreased in bilateral hippocampus group and increased in retrosplenial cortex in the model group after intervention; while it increased in bilateral hippocampus and motor cortex and decreased in anterior cingulate gyrus in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group. Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting may delay the decline of learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease model mice, which may relate to the regulation of functional activities in hippocampus.

Cricopharyngeal Botulinum Toxin Injection under Ultrasonic Guidance for Dysphagia from Wallenberg's Syndrome: A Case Report / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of cricopharyngeal injection of Botulinum toxin under ultrasonic guidance for treatment of dysphagia caused by Wallenberg's syndrome. Methods:A case was reviewed. Results:This patient was diagnosed as cricopharyngeal achalasia after dorsal lateral rostral infarction, and responded poor to routine treatment for swallowing disorders, including balloon dilatation. He accepted cricopharyngeal Botulinum toxin injection under ultrasonic guidance. As evaluated with Toshima Ichiro Ingestion-Swallowing Function Rating Scale, Rosenbek Penetration-Aspiration Scale and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), his swallowing improved after treatment, and became normal as follow-up one and three months after treatment. Conclusion:Cricopharyngeal Botulinum toxin injection under ultrasonic guidance is feasible for cricopharyngeal achalasia of Wallenberg's syndrome with immediate and long-term effect.

Application of intravenous sedation in 2 582 cases of oral and maxillofacial surgery / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing intravenous sedation in oral and maxillofacial surgery, to understand the epidemiological characteristics, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous sedation for oral surgery, and to summarize our experience.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients undergoing intravenous sedation between January 2010 and December 2018 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology. The gender, age, source, disease types, the values of perioperative vital signs, the use of sedatives and analgesics, duration of surgery and sedation, effect of sedation during the operation and the postoperative anterograde amnesia were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 582 patients experienced oral surgery by intravenous sedation. The peak age was 3.5 to 10 years and between 21 to 40 years. Supernumerary teeth (38%, 981/2 582) and impacted third molars (30%, 775/2 582) were the major disease types, and other types of disease accounted for 32 percent (826/2 582). The values of heart rate(HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP), respiration rate(RR) and bispectral index(BIS) showed statistically significant differences at the time of before sedation, local anesthesia injection, surgical incision, 10 min after operation and the end of operation. In the study, 69%(1 781/2 582) cases received midazolam alone, 7%(181/2 582) cases received propofol alone, and 24% (620/2 582) cases received midazolam and propofol combined for intravenous sedation. Fentanyl (33%, 852/2 582)was the most common intravenous analgesic we used, followed by flurbiprofen axetil (23%, 594/2 582) and ketorolac tromethamine (6%, 157/2 582). Besides, 35% (907/2 582) patients didn't use any intravenous analgesic during the surgery. The average operation time was (31.2±20.8) min, and the average sedation time was (38.4±19.2) min. During the surgery procedure, most of the patients scored on a scale of 2 to 4 according to the Ramsay sedation score (RSS). The postoperative anterograde amnesia rates of local anesthesia injection, surgical incision and dental drill during surgery were 94% (2 431/2 582), 92% (2 375/2 582) and 75% (1 452/1 936).@*CONCLUSION@#Intravenous sedation on the oral and maxillofacial surgery is effective and safe, can make the patients more comfortable, and should be further promoted and applied.

Use of a compact high-definition two-dimensional exoscope in surgical treatment of large vestibular schwannoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Extra-corporeal video telescope operating monitor system provides a necessary instrument to perform high-precision neurosurgical procedures that could substitute or supplement the traditional surgical microscope. The present study was designed to evaluate a compact high-definition two-dimensional exoscope system for assisting in surgical removal of large vestibular schwannoma (VS), as an alternative to a binocular surgical microscope.@*METHODS@#Patients with Koos grade 3 and grade 4 VS undergoing surgery were enrolled in this prospective cohort study between January 2013 and June 2018. The demographics and tumor characteristics (size, Koos grade, composition [cystic or solid mass]) were matched between the two groups of patients. The following outcome measurements were compared between the two groups: duration of surgery, volume of blood loss, extent of tumor resection, number of operating field adjustments, pre- and post-operative facial and cochlear nerve function evaluated at 3 months post-surgery, complications and surgeons' comfortability.@*RESULTS@#A total of 81 patients received tumor resection through the retrosigmoid approach under either an exoscope (cases, n = 39) or a surgical microscope (control, n = 42). Patients in the two groups had comparable tumor location (P = 0.439), Koos grading (P = 0.867), and composition (P = 0.891). While no significant differences in the duration of surgery (P = 0.172), extent of tumor resection (P = 0.858), facial function (P = 0.838), and hearing ability (P = 1.000), patients operated on under an exoscope had less blood loss (P = 0.036) and a fewer field adjustments (P < 0.001). Both primary and assistant surgeons reported a high level of comfort operating under the exoscope (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The compact high-definition two-dimensional exoscope system provides a safe and efficient means to assist in removing large VSs, as compared to a surgical microscope. After the acquaintance with a visual perception through a dynamic hint and stereoscopically viewing corresponding to the motion parallax, the exoscope system provided a comfortable, high-resolution visualization without compromising operational efficiency and patient safety.

Application of digital mandibular movement record and masticatory muscle electromyography in the evaluation of stomatognathic function in patients with mandibular tumor / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical characteristics of mandibular movement and masticatory muscle function in preoperative and postoperative patients with unilateral mandibular tumors in the region of mandibular body and ramus by combining digital mandibular movement records with electromyography, and to preliminarily explore the relationship and mechanism between movement and masticatory muscle function.@*METHODS@#Six preoperative patients with tumor in unilateral body and ramus of mandible were included, and three postoperative patients with unilateral segmental resection and reconstruction of mandibular bone were included. The mandibular movement recording system and surface electromyography system were used to collect the movement trajectory of the patients' mandibular marginal movement and chewing movement, and the surface electromyography of bilateral masseter and temporalis was recorded concurrently. The surface electromyography of bilateral masseter and temporalis was collected when the patients were at relaxation and at maximal voluntary clenching (MVC). The motion trajectory was observed on the digital virtual model, and the motion amplitude and direction of mandibular marginal movements were analyzed. The characteristics of masticatory electromyogram (EMG) activity in affected and unaffected sides at relaxation, MVC and bilateral mastication were analyzed, and the asymmetry indexes and activity indexes were calculated.@*RESULTS@#The preoperative mean maximum opening of the patients was (35.20±6.87) mm. Three patients had mild mouth opening limitation, and all the patients' mouth opening trajectory was skewed to the affected side. During lateral movements, the mean range of motion of the affected side [(10.34±1.27) mm] and that of the healthy side [(6.94±2.41) mm] were significantly different. The maximum opening of the postoperative patients was (30.65±17.32) mm, and the mandibular marginal movement characteristics were consistent with those of the patients before surgery. During MVC in the preoperative patients, the median EMG activities of the masseter muscle [44.20 (5.70, 197.90) μV] and the temporalis muscle [42.15 (22.90, 155.00) μV] on the affected side were slightly lower than those of the masseter [45.60 (7.50, 235.40) μV] and the temporalis muscle [63.30 (44.10, 126.70) μV] on the healthy side. In the postoperative patients, individualized changes occurred. Some patients suffered from weakened electromyographic activity on the affected side, while some other ones showed hyperelectromyographic activity on the affected side.@*CONCLUSION@#Both benign and malignant tumors as well as their surgery can cause abnormal mandibular movements and change of electromyographic activity of bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles.

Clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with delayed orchidopexy in cryptorchid boys in China: a retrospective study of 2423 cases / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We investigated the associations of clinical and socioeconomic factors with delayed orchidopexy for cryptorchidism in China. A retrospective study was conducted on cryptorchid boys who underwent orchidopexy at Children's Hospital at Chongqing Medical University in China from January 2012 to December 2017. Of 2423 patients, 410 (16.9%) received timely repair by 18 months of age, beyond which surgery was considered delayed. Univariate analysis suggested that the laterality of cryptorchidism (P = 0.001), comorbidities including inguinal hernia/scrotal hydrocele (P < 0.001) or urinary tract disease (P = 0.016), and whether patients lived in a poverty county (P < 0.001) could influence whether orchidopexy was timely or delayed. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the following factors were associated with delayed repair: unilateral rather than bilateral cryptorchidism (odds ratio [OR] = 1.752, P < 0.001), absence of inguinal hernia or hydrocele (OR = 2.027, P = 0.019), absence of urinary tract disease (OR = 3.712, P < 0.001), and living in a poverty county (OR = 2.005, P < 0.001). The duration of postoperative hospital stay and hospital costs increased with the patient's age at the time of surgery.

Effect of Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides on immune function of erythrocytes in immunosuppressed mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides on immune function of erythrocytes in doxorubicin-treated mice.Methods:BALB/c mice were treated with doxorubicin and used as immunosuppression model.The mice were treated with Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides(62.5,125,250 mg/kg) for 7 days,the normal control mice and model control mice were also used in this study.Expression level of CD59 molecule in erythrocytes was analyzed with flow cytometry.The Band-3 level was analyzed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue method.The NKEF-A and NKEF-B expression level in erythrocytes was analyzed by Western blot.The killing activity of NK cells was analyzed with flow cytometry.Results: The level of Band-3,NKEF-A and NKEF-B was decrease in erythrocytes of doxorubicin-treated mice.The killing activity of NK cells was also decrease in the mice when the expression level of CD59 molecule was not change obviously.Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides treatment could promote the recovery of Band-3, NKEF-A and NKEF-B in erythrocytes of the mice.Conclusion:Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides can promote the recovery of immune function of erythrocytes in doxorubicin-treated mice.

Effect of compound polysaccharide with Lentinan, Pachymaran and Tremella polysaccharide on mouse macrophage function / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of compound polysaccharide with Lentinan,Pachymaran and Tremella polysaccharide on the function of macrophages under various treatment conditions.Methods:The macrophage strain RAW264.7 cells were treated with compound polysaccharide (CP),compound polysaccharide combined with LPS (CP + LPS) and pre-treated with compound polysaccharide and then combined with LPS (Pre-CP + LPS).RAW264.7 cell endocytosis of Rhodamine NP (RNP) was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.The level of NO was detected by Griess reagent.The expression levels of CD40,CD80 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Compound polysaccharides treatment can enhance the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells on fluorescent microspheres with time-dependent manner.The compound polysaccharide could promote the secretion of NO in RAW264.7 cells when the concentration was above 1 000 μg/ml.Compound polysaccharide could improve the expression levels of CD40,CD80 and CD86 in RAW264.7 cells.Under the condition of LPS stimulation,both co-treatment and pre-treatment with compound polysaccharide could reduce the expression levels of CD40,CD80 and CD86 in RAW264.7 cells.Conclusion:CP can regulate the immune function of RAW264.7 cells under various treatment conditions that it promotes activation and phagocytosis of the resting state cells and inhibits activation of LPS treated cells.

Chemical pattern recognition on contents of five flavonoids and anti-oxidant activity of Spirodelae Herba from different growing areas / 中草药

Objective: To determine the contents of five flavonoids in Spirodelae Herba from different growing areas, and evaluate its anti-oxidant activity. Methods: Contents of orientin, vitexin, cynaroside, apigenin-7-glucoside, and luteolin in 17 batches of Spirodelae Herba from eight origins were determined by HPLC with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase, and DPPH method was used to compare their anti-oxidant activities, together with cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the quality of Spirodelae Herba was evaluated. Results: The contents of five flavonoids in Spirodelae Herba from different growing areas exist certain differences, which can be divided into three different categories by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The contents of orientin, vitexin, and cynaroside were significantly higher in samples from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces than those from other origins, as well as their oxidation clearance rates were relatively high. The correlation analysis showed there was a significant positive correlation between the rate of oxidative elimination and flavonoid content. Conclusion: Spirodelae Herba from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces has higher contents of flavonoids with strong antioxidant capacity. The analytical method is stable and reliable, which can provide the reference for enhancing the quality control of Spirodelae Herba.

Study of anti-inflammatory function of human bea defensin 2 on rats' acute rhinosinusitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To study the antiinflammatory function of human beta defensin 2(hβD-2) on acute rhinosinusitis in rats,in order to provide a new therapy for acute rhinosinusitis.METHODS Acute rhinosinusitis model were established on SD rats before and after the transfection of plasmid,the rats in experimental group were dropped with recombinant hβD-2 plasmid mixture in nose,while with empty plasmid mixture in control group.Immunohistochemistry method was used to prove the transfection results,nasal mucosa were hematoxylineosin stained to compare the pathological difference of nasal mucosa,nasal lavage fliud was collected and cultured to compare the colony number of the bacteria.RESULTS The expression of hβD-2 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry method,which mainly distributed in mucosal epithelium and gland,pathological results showed that the inflammation of nasal mucosa in experimental group was significantly relieved than that in control group.The number of Staphylococcus auresus colony number was significantly decreased in experimental group,while there was no significantly change in the control group.CONCLUSION Recombinant hβD-2 plasmid can be successfully transfected into the nasal mucosa of rats and expressed effectively.The anti-inflammatory ability of nasal mucosa was increased after the transfection,which is expected to provide a new treatment approach for acute rhinosinusitis.

Effect of Di-(2-ethylhcxyl) phthalate exposure on blood-testis barrier integrity in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate mechanism of di-(2-ethylhcxyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure in causing blood-testis barrier (BTB) impairment in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two-months-old male SD rats were randomly divided into corn oil control group and DEHP (750 mg/kg) exposure group for daily intragastic treatment for 30 consecutive days. After the treatments the rats were examined for histomorphological changes of the testicle using HE staining and the expressions of the junction proteins N-cadherin β-catenin, occludin and connexin43 of the BTB using Western blot. In the in vitro study, the vitality and ROS generation level in Sertoli cells exposed to different concentrations of DEHP were examined with MTT and ROS assay kits, respectively, and Nrf2 and p-p38 expressions were detected with Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the rats with DEHP exposure showed structural damage of the seminiferous tubule and polarity loss of the spermatids. DEHP exposure caused significantly decreased expressions of occludin and connexin43 but increased expressions of N-cadherin and β-catenin in the testicle tissues of the rats (P<0.05). The vitality of Sertoli cells was obviously decreased and ROS level increased significantly after exposure of the cells to increasing concentrations of DEHP, which also resulted in significantly up-regulated Nrf2 and p-p38 expressions (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DEHP exposure causes increased oxidative stress in the Sertoli cells of the testis, activates p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and results eventually in impaired spermatogenesis in rats.</p>

Port-Site Metastases and Chimney Effect of B-Ultrasound-Guided and Laparoscopically-Assisted Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Perfusion Chemotherapy

PURPOSE: CO₂ leakage along the trocar (chimney effect) has been proposed to be an important factor underlying port-site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by comparing the incidence of port-site metastasis between B-ultrasound-guided and laparoscopically-assisted hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy (HIPPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients with malignant ascites induced by gastrointestinal or ovarian cancer were divided into two groups to receive either B-ultrasound-guided or laparoscopically-assisted HIPPC. Clinical efficacy was assessed from the objective remission rate (ORR), the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, and overall survival. The incidence of port-site metastasis was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Patients in the B-ultrasound (n=32) and laparoscopy (n=30) groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, primary disease type, volume of ascites, and free cancer cell (FCC)-positive ascites. After HIPPC, there were no significant differences between the B-ultrasound and laparoscopy groups in the KPS score change, ORR, and median survival time. The incidence of port-site metastasis after HIPPC was not significantly different between the B-ultrasound (3 of 32, 9.36%) and laparoscopy (3 of 30, 10%) groups, but significantly different among pancreatic, gastric, ovarian, and colorectal cancer (33.33, 15.79, 10.00, and 0.00%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The chimney effect may not be the key reason for port-site metastasis after laparoscopy. Other factors may play a role, including the local microenvironment at the trocar site and the delivery of viable FCCs (from the tumor or malignant ascites) to the trauma site during laparoscopic surgery.

Efficacy observation on B-lynch suture operation in treatment of pernicious placenta previa / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of modified B-lynch suture in the treatment of patients with pernicious placenta pre-via.Methods A total of 46 patients with pernicious placenta previa in our hospital were randomly divided into the modified B-lynch suture treatment group(modified group)and the conventional therapy group(convention group),with 23 cases in each group.The operation time, menstrual recovery time and lochia sanguinea time,postpartum hemorrhage,intraoperative blood soss,abnormal temperature time,placenta ac-creta,hysterectomy and neonatal asphyxia between the two groups were compared.Results The intraoperative blood soss and postpartum hemorrhage of modified group was less than those of convention group,the menstrual recovery time was shorter than that of convention group and the rate of resection of uterine was lower than that of conventional group,with significant difference (P 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of modified B-lynch suture in the treatment of dangerous placenta previa is significant.