Genotype, environment and their interactions of major bioactive components in 2-year licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) population / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed at analyzing the effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and their interactions (G x E) on the major bioactive components of 2-year licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) population, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the licorice breeding with high content of bioactive components and quality improvement.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four genotype licorice populations were transplanted under four different environments by using complete randomized block design with three replicates, and four major bioactive components, including glycyrrhizin (GL), total saponins (TS), liquiritin (LQ) and total flavonoids (TF) were determined by UV and by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The major bioactive components of licorice were influenced by genotype and environment, and the genotype had more effect on all of the bioactive components. The contents of GL and LQ were codetermined by genotype and environment factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There exist different selective effects on different growth region for quality breeding in cultivated population of licorice.</p>

Villous adenoma of the urinary tract: a clinicopathological study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and prognosis of villous adenoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and pathologic findings of 3 cases of villous adenoma with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract were analyzed by gross examination, microscopic investigation and immunohistochemical staining. The related literatures were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the three cases were middle-aged or elderly patients. Three cases all presented with hematuria and mucusuria. Endoscopic examination identified that case 1 had a polyp with broad attachment in the dome of bladder, case 2 had a solid mass in the ureter, and case 3 had a exophytic fungating tumor in the renal pelvis. Microscopically, case 1 revealed a papillary lesion with finger-like processes lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with abundant goblet cells. The cells demonstrated moderate degree dysplasia. In case 2 and case 3, both villous adenomas and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were observed, the adenoma cells arranged in a cribriform pattern, and the tumor cells showed severe atypia, mitotic activity, and transition with invasive poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in three cases were positive for CK20, CEA,EMA and MUC-1; none of them expressed cdx-2 and PSA; In case 2 and 3, the same immunophenotype of villous adenomas and their associated adenocarcinomas was observed, but the number of the positive cells of p53 and Ki-67 staining were significantly increased in the area of adenocarcinomas than in that of the villous adenomas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Villous adenoma of the urinary tract is rare. It can occur in the urinary bladder, urachus, renal pelvis, ureter and urethra. These lesions may have malignant potential and frequently coexist with other malignant tumors. So, villous adenoma of the urinary tract should be removed completely and sampled thoroughly to avoid missing a more aggressive component.</p>

Relationship between expression of multidrug-resistant genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and sensitivity to chemotherapy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between multidrug-resistant (MDR) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its sensitivity to chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The specimens of 23 NPC cases were studied by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance relation protein (MRP), lung-resistance related protein (LRP), topoisomerase II (Topo II), thymidylate synthase (TS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST-pi). Among them, 20 specimens were taken from primary NPC lesion which were treated with two course of cisplatin (DDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 3 specimens were taken from cervical lymph-node of recurrent NPC patients who were treated by radical dissection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Various MDR parameters were expressed differently in 22 cases except for 1 clear cell carcinoma case. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant difference of MDR expression either among various carcinoma pathomorphology cell groups or among different clinical stage groups. Expression of LRP and TS were found in 10 and 14 cases respectively and the chemotherapy responders rates were 20% (2/10) and 28.5% (4/14) respectively. While the chemotherapy responders rates were 70% (7/10) and 5/6 in cases without expression. There was significant difference (P < 0.001, and P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NPC patients with LRP and TS expression may be less sensitive to chemotherapy with DDP + 5-FU.</p>