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Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water molecules across cell membranes. To date, seven AQPs have been found to be expressed in mammal kidneys. The cellular localization and regulation of the transport properties of AQPs in the kidney have been widely investigated. Autophagy is known as a highly conserved lysosomal pathway, which degrades cytoplasmic components. Through basal autophagy, kidney cells maintain their functions and structure. As a part of the adaptive responses of the kidney, autophagy may be altered in response to stress conditions. Recent studies revealed that autophagic degradation of AQP2 in the kidney collecting ducts leads to impaired urine concentration in animal models with polyuria. Therefore, the modulation of autophagy could be a therapeutic approach to treat water balance disorders. However, as autophagy is either protective or deleterious, it is crucial to establish an optimal condition and therapeutic window where autophagy induction or inhibition could yield beneficial effects. Further studies are needed to understand both the regulation of autophagy and the interaction between AQPs and autophagy in the kidneys in renal diseases, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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Allergic rhinitis(AR)is a typeⅠallergy of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE.Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)can not only control nasal symptoms effectively and long term,but also change the natural course of disease.Due to the poor re-sponse of some patients to allergen specific immunotherapy and the long course of treatment,it is critical to identify biological indica-tors that can predict and evaluate the efficacy.This review reviews the progress in the study of biomarkers for the prediction and evalua-tion of the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT)for AR.The changes of various immune cells,immunoglobulin and cytokines are related to the efficacy of SLIT and are considered as candidate biomarkers,but their effectiveness and relevance remain to be fur-ther verified.
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Objective:To evaluate the correlation between endemic arsenic poisoning and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, VIP and other databases were used for literature retrieval, and epidemiological literatures related to abnormal ECG of endemic arsenic poisoning published in domestic and abroad were included in the study. The time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 1, 2020. RevMan 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis of binary variables. Random effect model was selected according to the results of heterogeneity, and odds ratio ( OR) was used as the effect index. Characteristic changes were found by subgroup analysis. Bias was published by funnel plot. Results:Nine articles were included in this Meta-analysis, with 6 articles in Chinese and 3 articles in English, respectively. The abnormal ECG changes included QTc prolongation, ST-T segment change, left axis deviation and arrhythmia. Finally, 1 975 cases were included in the exposure group, including 575 cases of abnormal ECG; 750 cases of control group, including 145 cases of abnormal ECG. Meta-analysis showed that the combined OR value [95% confidence interval ( CI)] of abnormal ECG changes was 4.41 (2.83 - 6.87), with statistical significance between the two groups ( Z = 6.56, P < 0.05); the results of subgroup analysis showed that the combined OR values (95% CI) of QTc prolongation, ST-T segment change, left axis deviation and arrhythmia were 12.30 (5.91 - 25.59), 2.74 (1.39 - 5.41), 2.93 (0.89 - 9.62) and 4.13 (2.38 - 7.17), respectively. Conclusions:Endemic arsenic poisoning may cause abnormal ECG. Prolongation of QTc caused by arsenic exposure may be the characteristic change of abnormal ECG.
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Objective To explore nurse students' perceptions of the power dynamics in the teacher-student relationship during their clinical practice. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 15 nurse students using phenomenological methodology. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi′s sphenomenological procedure. Results Three core themes that emerged from the qualitative data:meanings of power; the desired power dynamics; enhancing the clinical learning experience. Conclusions The dominant theme in the participants' discourse is that teachers should possess more power than students in order to prevent students from causing harm to patients.The consensus is that the teacher's power in supervising students'clinical practice is necessary for the benefit of patient safety.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical features and outcomes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) associated with Meniere's disease and idiopathic BPPV.@*METHOD@#Reviewing the clinical records of 372 patients with BPPV, 289 patients with idiopathic BPPV and 36 patients with BPPV accompanied by Meniere's disease and were enrolled in this study. All patients were diagnosed by using the Dix-Hallpike test or roll test and treated with the canalith repositioning procedure. The outcomes were compared between the two groups.@*RESULT@#The patients with BPPV associated with Meniere's disease presented the following features, in which they differed from the patients with idiopathic BPPV (P < 0.05): (1) a higher percentage of female patients; (2) a longer duration of symptoms; (3) frequent involvement of the horizontal semicircular canal; (4) a greater incidence of canal paresis; (5) more therapeutic sessions needed for cure and a higher rate of recurrence.@*CONCLUSION@#The BPPV associated with Meniere's disease differs from idiopathic BPPV in clinical features, treatment response recurrence tendency.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo , Incidence , Meniere Disease , Paresis , Patient Positioning , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Semicircular Canals , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance pathogens from ventilator-associated pneumo-nia (VAP)patients for to better guide clinical treatment. Methods The medical records of 598 mechanical ventilation patients were retrospectively reviewed and the results of sputum culture and antibiotic resistance of pathogens from VAP patients were analyzed. Results The 251 strains of pathogens were isolated from lower respiratory tract sputum specimens in 221 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Among them, the isolation rate of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest (71.3%),followed by the gram-positive bacteria (17.9%). The Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus were the top species in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The isolation rate of the pan-resistant for Acinetobacter baumannii was 27.9% and the isolation rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) were 66.7% and 61.5%, respectively. Conclusion The gram-negative bacteria remain dominant in the pathogens causing VAP,and related strains are highly drug resistant. It is crucial for timely monitoring of drug resistance of the pathogens.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 86 patients with BPPV (treatment group) and 120 normal ones (control group) were reviewed through the medical outcomes study short form (SF-36)and the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), and the results of two groups were analyzed.@*RESULT@#With SF-36 scales for evaluation of QOL, the results showed that the scores of treatment group before CRP were significantly lower than that of the control group (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#CRP may obviously improve the clinical symptom of BPPV patients. The SF-36 and DHI scales could reflect the change of BPPV patient's QOL.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo , Case-Control Studies , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Vertigo , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical presentation and outcome between patients with traumatic-BPPV (t-BPPV) and idiopathic-BBPV(i-BPPV).@*METHOD@#The clinical records of 186 patients with posterior canal BPPV were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were diagnosed using the Dix-Hallpike test and treated with the canalith repositioning procedure. The outcome of patients with t-BPPV was compared with patients with i-BPPV.@*RESULT@#Twenty-three of 186 patients with BPPV fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for t-BPPV. Women were affected i-BBPV more often than men (2.3:1), and women and men were equally affected t-BBPV (1:1). After one physical treatment, 34.8% of patients with t-BPPV had complete resolution of signs and symptoms in comparison to 85.3% of patients with i-BPPV (P < 0.05). During the 2-year follow-up, 56.5% of t-BPPV patients and 19.0% of i-BPPV patients had recurrent attacks (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The nature and severity of the traumas causing t-BPPV are diverse. It appears that t-BPPV is more difficult to treat than i-BPPV, and also has a greater tendency to recur.