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Objective:To investigate the effects of compound fermented milk on intestinal microbiota, short chain fatty acid (SCFA), intestinal motility and mucosal barrier in mice with constipation.Methods:Twenty-seven C57BL/6JNifdc mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and intervention group. The model group and the intervention group were given loperamide intragastrically for two weeks. Starting from the second week, the intervention group was treated with compound fermented milk for 7 d. The control group was given normal saline. Food intake, water intake, weight change, fecal moisture content, time of first-time black stool and small intestine propulsion rate were detected. Expression of serotonin C receptor (5-HTR2C), zona occludins-1 (ZO-1) and mucin-2 (MUC-2) at mRNA level in colon was analyzed. Western blot was used to measure the expression of Raf/ERK/MAPK-related proteins. SCFA level in intestinal tract was detected by gas chromatography. Intestinal microbiota diversity was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.Results:Compared with the control group, the first black stool excretion time was significantly prolonged in the model group ( P<0.01). Moreover, fecal moisture content, small intestine propulsion rate and the expression of 5-HTR2C and ZO-1 at mRNA level in colon were significantly decreased ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the first black stool excretion time was significantly shortened ( P<0.05); fecal moisture content, small intestine propelling rate ( P<0.05), the expression of colon 5-HTR2C and ZO-1 at mRNA level ( P<0.05), phosphorylation of Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway in the colon, intestinal SCFA-producing bacteria and intestinal SCFA content were increased in the intervention group. Conclusions:Compound fermented milk had a therapeutic effect on constipation in a mouse model by increasing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA content, enhancing the phosphorylation of the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway to up-regulate the expression of 5-HTR2C at mRNA level in the colon, and increasing the expression of ZO-1 at mRNA level in the colon. Intestinal peristalsis and intestinal mucosal barrier function were enhanced, thus improving the symptom of constipation.
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Objective:To explore the whole genome sequencing of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), reveal the prevalence of drug-resistance in CRKP, and guide the prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods:The CRKP isolates in Bengbu Third People′s Hospital from November 2018 to March 2019 was collected, and the strain identification and drug susceptibility testing were carried out using VITEK-2 Compact analyzer. The whole genome of selected CRKP was sequenced by Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform, spliced with spades-2.0 sequence, analyzed and extracted the core gene and drug-resistant genotype by cgMLST, and constructed the bacterial association map and transmission map by Scotti software.Results:Among the 19 CRKP strains, 13 were CT3176 genotype, 2 were CT1313 and 2 were CT1689, and 2 were other CRKP strains. CT3176 was distributed mainly in the Department of critical care medicine and was in epidemic status. The strains mainly carried blaKPC-2 (19/19), blaCTX-M-65 (19/19), blaSHV-11 (16/19), blaTEM-1B (14/19), and aminoglycosides. Among them, aadA2 (14/19), rmtB (14/19), AAC(3)-Ⅱd (12/19), armA (11/19), mph (E) (11/19), msr (E) (11/19), mph (A) (10/19), fosA6 (19/19) and other resistant genes were detected. Software analysis showed that the strains numbered 7 and 29, and strains numbered 12 and 17 had 42% and 37% transmission rate repectively, but that of the other strains remain low.Conclusions:By using the whole genome sequencing of microorganisms, strain typing, drug resistance genes, and the homology of strains can be determined, strain association map and transmission map can be built. That can effectively guide the development of nosocomial infection prevention and control in hospitals.
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Objective@#Based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model theory, the structural equation model(SEM)was used to analyze the effect of using new media to carry out AIDS health education among young students.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 561 students from four colleges in Yantai to conduct a questionnaire survey, and to carry out various forms of new media AIDS health education for the intervention group. Data were analyzed with structural equation model.@*Results@#After intervention，the awareness rate of AIDS were 85.9% and 94.0% respectively(χ2=46.67，P<0.01). The structural equation model fits well, and the fitted indices were: RMSEA=0.04, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.96, IFI=0.97, CFI=0.98. The direct effects of new media interventions on prevention information and prevention motivation were 0.30 and 0.65 respectively. The influence of information and motivation on preventive behavior was mainly reflected through the indirect effect of behavioral skills. The overall effects of standardization were 0.09 and 0.29 respectively. The overall effect of behavioral skills on preventive behavior was 0.80, which was the main factor affecting HIV prevention behavior.@*Conclusion@#The use of new media to carry out AIDS health education among young students had a significant effect. Motivation promotion should be used as a new breakthrough point for future work, and information, motivation, and behavioral skills should be used to promote the prevention of AIDS prevention among young students.
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Objective To investigate the effects of cholesterol-lowering probiotics, DM9054 com-bined with 86066, on the intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet and the possible mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four male mice deficient in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene ( Ldlr- / - mice ) were randomly divided into three groups including control, NAFLD model and probiotic intervention groups. Mice in the three groups were given normal chow diet+normal saline, high-fat diet ( HFD)+normal saline, and HFD+cholesterol-lowering probiotics, respectively. The mouse model of NAFLD was established by feeding mice with high-fat diet (45％ of calories derived from fat diet) for 12 weeks. qPCR was performed to measure the expression of liv-er and intestinal inflammatory genes and liver cholesterol synthesis genes. Western blot assay was used to de-tect the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and HMG-CoA reductase ( HMGCR ) . Pathological changes in tissues were evaluated by HE staining. Features of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Cholesterol-lowering probiotics intervention attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammatory responses and obesity and decreased the synthesis of liver cholesterol (P<0. 05). Moreover, inhibited gut inflammatory responses and improved intestinal barrier function were detected in the probiotic intervention group (P<0. 05). The composition of gut microbiota in mice of the probiotic intervention group was different from that of the model group, but similar to that of the control group. Con-clusions Cholesterol-lowering probiotics might attenuate NAFLD in mice through reducing liver cholesterol synthesis, alleviating liver and intestinal inflammation, improving intestinal mucosal barrier function and reg-ulating intestinal microbiota.
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Objective To analyze the impact of Helicobacter pylori standard strain (Hp P12) and its virulence factor vacuolating cytotoxin A ( VacA) on DNA damage and homologous recombination ( HR) repair in a human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). Methods Strains of Hp P12 and vacA gene knock-out Hp P12 ( Hp P12 ΔvacA) were respectively used to infect GES-1 cells at a multiplicity of infection of 100. GES-1 cells treated with etoposide (50μmol/L) or mitomycin (0. 5μg/ml) for 2 h were used as posi-tive control. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of DNA damage marker protein γH2AX and key HR repair proteins (Rad51, pMRE11, CtIP and pCtIP) and the recruitment of them at DNA damage sites. Human embryonic kidney HEK-293 ( DR-GFP) cells were infected with Hp P12 and Hp P12 ΔvacA strains to verify the impact of VacA on HR repair efficiency. Results The expres-sion and recruitment of γH2AX and key HR repair proteins ( Rad51, pMRE11, CtIP and pCtIP) were in-creased in Hp P12-infected cells as compared with that in uninfected and Hp P12 ΔvacA-infected cells ( all P<0. 05). To evaluate the HR repair efficiency, I-SceⅠ plasmid-transfected HEK-293 (DR-GFP) cells were infected with Hp P12 and Hp P12 ΔvacA and the results showed that green fluorescent protein ( GFP)-positive cells were decreased after infection, especially in Hp P12 ΔvacA-infected cells (both P<0. 05). Conclusions Hp P12 infection could cause DNA damage and promote HR repair in GES-1 cells, in which the virulence factor VacA played an important role.
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Objective To understand the situation of knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) of sheep farmers and field veterinarians towards brucellosis prevention,and find out the potentially influential factors.Methods From March to September in 2017,1 067 sheep farmers and 401 field veterinarians were selected as participates,and questionnaire survey was carried out.Percentage rate was used to describe the situation of KAP.Nonparametric test was used to compare the KAP score difference.Results The overall awareness in sheep farmers and field veterinarians was 64.2％ and 80.1％,respectively.In addition,there were 17.3％ (185/1067) sheep farmers and 12.2％ (49/401) field veterinarians had never heard of brucellosis.The knowledge awareness in sheep farmers and field veterinarians was 62.6％ and 79.0％,respectively,75.8％ and 83.8％ of them had positive attitude to brucellosis prevention,54.1％ and 77.6％ of them had good practice habit.They hoped in the future,more information could be received through TVs,and then was internet or broadcasting.Sheep farmers who from first class region,age less than 45 years,education higher than junior high school,feeding time less than 5 years and sheep ever infected with brucellosis (U =4.85,3.08,3.29,2.20,6.62,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),had higher KAP scores than others.Field veterinarians,who had lower education,had lower KAP scores (U =4.29,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The awareness of sheep farmers and field veterinarians still need to improve and strengthen.Some suggestions are put forward:improve intervention pattern,optimize content and method,pay attention to use new media.
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Objective:To prepare and identify the mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs) using leukocytes as im-munogens. Methods: The mice were immunized using human peripheral blood leukocytes. Then, use of B lymphocyte hybridoma technology preparation of mAbs,followed screening by immunocytochemistry and limited dilution. The secreted mAbs were identified by immunoprecipitation,mass spectrometry,Western blot,ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Results:The 35 positive polyclonal cells were obtained,of which 11 strains secreted mAbs against S100A9. And one strain was used to prepare monoclonal antibody. The purified mAb against S100A9 were purified and identified as IgG1 subtype,with the titer,purity and affinity constant was 1∶3. 18×105,95% and 3. 54×108 L/mol,respectively. This mAb generally had 0. 12% crossed reactivity to S100A8 ,and showed little or no cross reactivity to S100A12 and S100A13. The prepared monoclonal antibodies can specifically recognizes the S100A9 antigen in human breast cancer tissues. Conclusion:Successful preparation of mAb against S100A9,which can secrete specific mAb against S100A9 protein with high titers and specificity have been established successfully,which laid the foundation for the immunology application.
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〔Abstract〕 By use of the decision tree algorithm and diagnostic indexes , the paper sets up the discrimination rules to make differential diagnosis of Primary Hepatocelluar Carcinoma ( PHC) based on basic data of 95 patients with PHC and 190 patients with liver cirrhosis , in-cluding the CT diagnosis, testing results of imaging and serologic markers such as the HbsAg , AFP, CEA and AFU, sex and age, etc.As indicated by the results , the data mining technology represented by the decision tree can support the differential diagnosis of PHC .
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Objective To explore the functional activation cerebral areas evoked by mechanical stimulation induced pruritus perception imitating physiological process.Methods Scratching the planta gently to induce pruritus with brush pen wool in a group of 16 healthy volunteers,scanning BOLD-fMRI serials with a block design on a 3.0 T MR machine,and identifying the functional cerebral areas evoked by pruritus with SPM8 software for analysis.Student's t test was used to compare the difference of incidences with P＜0.05 for statistical significance.Results Several brain regions were activated by pruritus stimulus.The strongest activation evoked by pruritus was found at the contralateral thalamus and paracentral lobule(t=5.26,5.23),the most activation volumes were found at the contralateral paracentral lobule,postcentral gyrus and prefrontal lobule(146,151 and 326 volumes).Different degrees of activation were discovered at bilateral insula,preeentral and postcentral gyrus,thalamus,lentiform nucleus and cingulated gyrus.Conclusion The postcentral gyrus,paracentral lobule,insula,precentral gyrus and frontal lobe were the functional activation cerebral areas of pruritus perception evoked by mechanical stimulation.
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Objective To explore the local application of immunosuppressant in improving the survival rate of the transplanted islet cells and systemic side effects.Methods The streptozocin of 200 ms/kg was injected into the abdominal cavity of the Wistar rats，the blood sugar was tested after 48，and 72 hours，and the rats with two consecutive measurements ≥20 mol/L were taken as the experimental animal model.The dose of pancreatic islet cells transplanted into the abdominal cavity was 8 000 IE,/kg，and that of cyclosporine dosage was 1.5 mg/(100 g·d).The pancreatic islet cells were divided into three groups：(1)systemic immunosuppressive agents through stomach lavage with the intraperitoneal injection of microencapsulated islet cells；(2)pure intraperitoneal injection of microencapsulated islet cells；(3)intraperitoneal injection microencapsulated activated carbon particles loaded with immunosuppressants，and mieroencapsulated islet cells.Changes of blood glucose and pathological in rats after transplantation were detected.Results The blood glucose of group 3 and group 1 showed no significant difference(P＞0.05)，as well as compared with group 2(P＞0.05).But the local application of immune agents could prolong the effective time of the islet cells and attenuate the fibrotic extent of the surrounding islets when compared with the control group,the C peptide level in applicating immunosuppressive agents group was significantly hisher in the immunosuppressive group than the pure transplantation group.ConclusionCompared with the systemic immune suppression via stomach lavage，local application of slow-release immunosuppressive agents showed the same effects of activated carbon particles，with a prolonged the effective time of islet cell and reduced topical side effects in the latter.
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Zuckerkandl tubercle is the extension of thyriod gland. For the past few years, more and more surgeons and anatomists have become interested in it. Clinically, surgeons usually rely on specified anatomical landmarks to avoid injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, including the laryngeal branches and the superior parathyroid in thyroid surgery, such as the bottom corner of the thyroid cartilage, the inferior thyroid artery, lower pole of thyroid, tracheoesophageal groove, suspensory ligament of thyroid gland and so on. As the specified landmarks, they have several common characteristics:on the one hand, their location should be constant; on the other hand, they should be easy to observe and touch, meanwhile convenient and practical.As a new anatomical landmark, Zuckerkandl tubercle is in accordance with the above characteristics and prevalent in the population. Therefore, Zuckerkandl tubercle could become an important landmark to identify the the recurrent laryngeal nerve, including the laryngeal branches and the superior parathyroid in thyroid surgery. This essay aims to briefly analyze the role of Zuckerkandl tubercle in thyroid surgery.
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Gastric cancer incidence is one of the most common malignancies in our country and is the second most common in the worldwide,clinic doctors always emphasize early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer patients,in order to reduce the mortality,however,most patients' condition often have been in the late fall and these patients were badly in efficacy.Looking for a new diagnosis way is a medical prddem,with molecular biology advance and gene chips was improved,it is possible for the early screening of gastric cancer.This assay aims to briefly analyse the role of gene chips in the research progress of early gastric cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDD) has been assessed by intracoronary acetylcholine infusion and digital subtraction angiography. However, its applications in continuous observing on early onset, progression and outcomes of clinical interventions of the disease are limited due to the potential trauma of the method. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the changes in brachial EDD in patients with hyperlipidemia using high-resolution ultrasound and to compare the outcomes of the patients to those of the healthy individuals. DESIGN: Case-control study SETTING: This study was carried out at the Cardiology Department and the Ultrasound Department of Xinyang CentralHospital PARTICIPANTS: Sixty patients with hyperlipidemia, 37 males and 23females, with an age ranging from 36 to 75 years old, were selected at the Cardiology Department of Xinyang Central Hospital from May 2001 to March 2002. They were divided into 3 groups according to abnormalities in blood lipid, as hypercholesterolemia group (HC, 20 cases),hypertriacylglycerolemia group (HTG, 20 cases) and mixed hyperlipidemia group (HLP,20 cases). Twenty voluntary individuals with normal physical examination findings were allocated into control group, 12 males and 8 females. Informed consents were obtained from all the eligible. METHODS: The brachial artery inner diameter and the changes in blood flow of the brachial artery were assessed using high-resolution ultrasound.After the patients having a rest for more than 10 minutes, the inner diameter (D0) and the baseline blood flow of their brachial artery were measured. The blood pressure cuff was placed under the elbow with a pressure at 300 mm Hg, lasting for 4 to 5 minutes and followed with a sudden deflation. 15 s after deflation, the reactive brachial artery inner diameter (D1) and the blood flow of the brachial artery were detected. The patients took another rest for more than 15 minutes and after the artery restored to a normal condition,the patients took nitroglycerol sublingually at a dose of 400 μg. Three to four minutes later, the brachial artery inner diameter (D2) and the blood flow of the brachial artery were detected. The increasing rate of the inner diameter of brachial artery were calculated, the increasing rate of reactive brachial artery inner diameter (%)= (D1-D0)/D0×100% and the increasing rate of post-treatment brachial artery inner diameter (%)=(D2-D0)/D0 ×100%.Meanwhile, the increasing rate of reactive blood flow (%)=(reactive blood flow-baseline blood flow)/ baseline blood flow (100% and the increasing rate of post-treatment blood flow (%)=(the post-treatment blood flow-baseline blood flow)/baseline blood flow×100%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:In three hyperlipidemia groups and the control group, the inner diameter of the brachial artery were measured under resting conditions, in reactive congestion status and after sublingual nitroglycerol treatment respectively using high-resolution ultrasound. RESULTS: All the 60 patients with hyperlipidemia and 20 healthy controls entered the analysis procedure. In HC group, HTG group and HLP group, the increasing rate of reactive brachial-artery inner diameter were significantly lower than that in control group [(5.7±3.2)%, (5.4±3.0)%,(3.8±2.4)%, (11.3±3.1)%,P ＜ 0.05], which was most significant in HLP group. The increasing rate of both the reactive and the post-treatment blood flow in three experimental groups and the increasing rate of the post-treatment brachial-artery inner diameter were not significant (P ＞ 0.05). CONCLUSION:EDD were impaired significantly in patients with hyperlipidemia. High-resolution ultrasound is capable of assessing EDD accurately and reliably.
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Objective To study the radiological manifestation of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome,and to provide image basis for its clinical diagnosis.Methods Twelve cases with clinically diagnosed Tolosa-Hunt syndrome from 1994 to 2002 were retrospectively studied,and CT,pre- and post-contrast MRI,DSA,and MRA were analyzed.Results The appearances in 7 of the 12 cases were positive,while the other 5 cases showed negative findings.The positive appearances included the enlargement of one side of cavernous sinus and the mass at the orbit tip,which presented soft tissue density on CT images,isointensity or slight hypointensity on T_1-weighted images and slight hypointensity,hyperintensity or isointensity on T_2-weighted images.This abnormal tissue markedly increased in density or signal intensity on enhanced CT or MRI,associated with enhancement of adjacent dura mater.Conclusion There is some abnormal radiological appearance in some cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.CT and MRI present important value for the diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the changes of carotid, lipidemia and fibrinogen in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction (DCI). Methods 58 cases of DCI (DCI group) were enrolled in this study, and 36 cases of cerebral infarction without diabetes mellitus served as control group. The location, number and nature of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and inner diameter of carotid artery were assessed by Doppler ultrasonography in all the patients, as well as blood lipid, blood glucose and fibrinogen were evaluated. Results In DCI group, the rate of carotid atherosclerotic plaque was 79.3%, the IMT and inner diameter of common carotid artery in DCI group were significantly different from control group (all (P