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Objective:To learn about the epidemiological characteristics and trends of brucellosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), and to provide reference for formulation of brucellosis prevention strategies and identification of key areas.Methods:The case data from 2004 to 2019 were collected from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Infectious Disease Monitoring and Reporting System", and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of cases (time, population, and regional distribution).Results:From 2004 to 2019, a total of 15 337 human brucellosis cases and 1 death case were reported in Ningxia. The average annual incidence rate was 15.21/100 000, ranging from 0.02/100 000 to 44.83/100 000. The difference in incidence rate in different years was statistically significant (χ 2 = 14 731.60, P < 0.001). Among them, from 2004 to 2010, the incidence rate was low, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.32/100 000; from 2011 to 2019, it entered a high incidence stage, with an average annual incidence rate of 24.83/100 000. Brucellosis occured in every month of the year, and the onset time was mainly in March to September, accounting for 71.60% (10 981/15 337); seasonal indexes from April to August was all > 100%, with obvious seasonality. The age of onset mainly concentrated in 20 - < 70 years old, accounting for 89.60% (13 742/15 337); males were significantly more than females, with a sex ratio of 2.66 ∶ 1.00 (11 141/4 196); the occupations were mainly farmers and herdsmen, accounting for 86.03% (13 194/15 337). Since 2014, cases had been reported in 22 counties (districts, cities) in the region, all of which were all severely endemic areas; the top three counties (districts) with incidence rate were Yanchi County (103.73/100 000), Hongsibao District (56.01/100 000) and Tongxin County (29.18/ 100 000), respectively, the difference between different regions was statistically significant (χ 2 = 3.80, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The incidence rate of brucellosis in Ningxia is on the rise, and the epidemic situation is severe. It is recommended to carry out active and effective intervention measures in areas with high incidence of brucellosis to curb the further spread of brucellosis.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of inter-human brucellosis in Zhongwei City of Ningxia from 2005 to 2017,and to provide basis for making scientific and effective prevention and control measures of the disease.Methods Incidence data of brucellosis were collected in Zhongwei City from 2005 to 2017 and prevalence trends and distribution characteristics (place,time,and population distribution) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 1 880 human brucellosis cases were reported in Zhongwei City from 2005 to 2017.The incidence of brucellosis in 2012 and 2015 was 5.03/100 000 and 61.80/100 000,which showed a dramatic and rapid ascent (x2trend =681.40,P ＜ 0.05),while after 2016,it showed a downward trend (xtrend =324.85,P ＜ 0.05),and in 2017 the reported incidence dropped to 25.13/100 000.Zhongning and Haiyuan Counties showed a high incidence from 2005 to 2017,and the incidence was 39.79％(748/1 880) and 36.06％ (678/1 880),respectively;April to September was the peak season;the sex ratio was 2.72:1.00 (1 375/505);1 379 cases (73.35％)occurred between 30 and 64 years old,and 1 616 cases (85.96％) occurred among farmer.Conclusion After 2016,the incidence of human outbreaks in Zhongwei City has declined;Zhongning and Haiyuan Counties are the key areas of morbidity;the key population for prevention and control is farmer.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance rates of Gram negative bacilli and the distribution of ?-lactamases in hospital infections(HI) or community acquired infections(CAI) in Tongling.METHODS Antimicrobial(susceptibility)(test) was done on 356 strains of Gram negative bacilli isolated in Tongling from Oct 2003 to Sep 2004 by Kirby-Bauer method.The detection of ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases was performed by three-dimensional test,MBL by the double-disk synergy test.RESULTS Among total 356 strains of Gram negative bacilli,267 were with HI(53.9%) isolated from sputum of patients,89(34.8%) were(isolated) from CAI patients and urine.The antimicrobial susceptibility rates of Gram negative bacilli from CAI patients was significantly higher than that from HI patients,for Acinetobacter baumannii they were 1.5 to 3.0,for(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were 1.2 to 1.6.No strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found resistant to imipenem.Among 356 Gram negative bacilli,77 strains hyperproducing ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases,the detection rate was 21.6%, 69 strains were isolated from HI patients,and 8 strains were from CAI patients.From strains resistant to imipenem had 13 strains detected MBL,the detection rate was 52.0%.All of them were isolated from HI patients.CONCLUSIONS The resistance of Gram negative(bacilli) is a serious problem in Tongling.The antimicrobial(susceptibility) rates of Gram negative bacilli from CAI patients are significantly higher than those from HI patients.Gram negative bacilli produce all kinds of(?-lactamases,) such as ESBLs,AmpC(?-lactamases) and MBL.
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Objective To increase the sensitivity of residual leukemic cells detectin in chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML) patients with RT-PCR,the optional annealing temperature and PCR cycles were studied to confirm bcr-abl fused gene types,and bcr-abl mRNA transcripts were monitored by RQ-PCR to study the relation with CML at different phases. Methods Through changing the PCR conditions, the annealing temperature was measured from 55℃ to 60℃, and the number of reaction cycles was increased from 30 to 45.All 22 samples were examined, and bcr-abl mRNA transcripts were quantified by RQ-PCR kit. Results Bcr-abl fused gene types were found in 22 samples,of all 9 cases were b_2a_2 type, 13 cases were b_3a_2.When the annealing temperature was set for 58℃ and the number of reation cycles was set for 45,10~3 copies/ul standard samples was detected.18 samples were positive tested by RQ-PCR kit,and the value was between 10~2 to 10~6 copies/g.There were significant differce between the results of chronic phase samples and those of accelerated phase. Conclusions The RT-PCR is a reliable,sensitive and reproducible method of monitoring CML patients.The real-time RT-PCR is useful in evaluating leukemic burden,assessing response to treatment and predicating the prognosis of the disease.
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To establish a calculation method of paternity probability in cases of absence of mother. Calculating the accumulated non-father exclusion probability of multiple polymorphic DNA loci was performed. The results showed that in cases of inheritance with Mendelian Law, through testing 8 or more polymorphic DNA loci, the paternity probability may reach 0. 9990 or more. In cases of paternity exclusion, exclusion 3 or more than 3 loci were required. For the purpose of identifying paternity in cases of absence of mother, more than 8 polymorphic DNA loci must be tested. The paternity probability must be more than 0. 9990 in cases of paternity inclusion and in cases of paternity exclusion, 3 or more loci of exclusion is needed.
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By analysing the 300 cases of paternity test in our lab in the recent year, we have demonstrated that mutation rates in STR loci are very high. The experimental steps include extracting DNA by chelex 100, amplification of DNA, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining, DNA typing by standard samples. The STR mutations in 11 cases among 300 paternity test cases were found, induding D11S554 locus6 cases, D19S253 locus2 cases, SE33 locuslcase, D12S391 locus 1 case, D13S631 locus 1 case. The results indicated that high mutation rates in STR loci should be considered when STR genotyping are applied to paternity test.
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To evaluate species specificity of 20 STRs loci used in our lab. Human DNA and 10 different kinds of common animals' DNA were amplified separately. The PCR products were analysed with PAGE. There are amplified products in DYS388, DYS389, DYS390, D7S809, D13S631 loci of human 'DNA, but not of 10 different kinds of animal DNA tested. There were amplified products in TH01, vWA, AR, CD4, FABP loci for human and animals' DNA, but the lengths of amplified fragment were distinctly different between human and animals. There were products of FES, D12S391, CSF1PO, D19S253, D21S11, FGA, DYS19 loci for human and animals DNA, but the product lengths were not different between human and animals. There were PCR products in SE33 and D11S554 loci for human and animals, their amplified fragment lengths were within the same electrophoretic field. 10 STR loci, such as TH01 etc, were highly specific for human being and the amplified fragments lengths of 8 STR loci, such as FES etc, were different between human and animal tested.