ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (M-TESE) in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) caused by different causes. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was performed on 225 NOA patients during Jan.2020 and Dec.2022. The relation between SRR and patients’ age,body mass index (BMI),testicular volume,endocrine hormones and different etiological classifications were analyzed. 【Results】 According to whether sperm was obtained by surgery,the patients were divided into two groups,including 107 cases in the sperm group and 118 cases in the non-sperm group. There were no significant differences in patients’ age,testicular volume and levels of endocrine hormones between the two groups (P>0.05). According to the different causes,NOA patients with mumps history,cryptorchidism history,AZFc deletion or Klinefelter syndrome (KS) had higher SRR,while idiopathic NOA patients had the lowest SRR (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 M-TESE is an effective treatment of NOA. There is no correlation between SRR and patients’ age,MBI,testicular volume and levels of endocrine hormones. NOA caused by different etiological classifications may have different SRR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the test-retest reliability in quantitative measurement of proprioception using Tecnobody rehabilitation system.Methods Nine healthy volunteers [4 males,5 females,averaged age (22.8 ±0.68) years] participated in three consecutive measurements on both feet by using Tecnobody rehabilitation system for computerized proprioceptive assessment.Standard error of measurement(SEM),correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) obtained from the three consecutive measurements were used to analyze the Timeused in each measuring session,and the average track error (ATE) of the measurements.ResultsSEM values of Time in left foot and right foot were 3.07 ～ 3.83 and 6.65 ～ 8.44 respectively.ATE values in left foot and right foot were 1.33 ～ 1.97 and 1.39 ～ 1.91 respectively.The Time and ATE correlation coefficients of left foot / right foot were 0.919/0.6 and 0.808/0.831,respectively.The Time ICC values were 0.893/0.639 for left foot / right foot,respectively ; and the ATE ICC values were 0.716/0.734 for left foot / right foot,respectively. Conclusion The Tecnobody rehabilitation system provided a fairly good reliability in both relative andabsolute values in quantitative evaluation of proprioception in the feet.These data in a larger amount may be useful for setting up variables and the standard values of the local population for reference in proprioceptive rehabilitation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the clinical value of using a four-point method (FP) in measuring joint angles.Method Methods Twenty-five subjects without knee dysfunction were studied.Every knee joint was tested in extension,below 90° of flexion and above 90° of flexion with the traditional three-point method (TP) and the new four-point method.X-rays were taken as a gold standard measurement.The reliability and validity were analyzed using Bland-Altman plots,which can yield 95% limits of agreement (LOA).Results (1) The joint axis centers moved with changes in joint angle.(2) The 95% LOA of inter-tester reliability was (-5.0,2.7) with the FP and (-6.5,4.4) with the TP.The 95% LOAs of intra-tester reliability were (-3.6,4.0) for tester A and (-4.1,4.8) for tester B with the FP,while (-5.0,6.4) for tester A and (-6.1,5.8) for tester B with the TP.(3) The 95% LOAs in the three positions were (3.5,2.6) in extension,(-3.3,3.6) in mild flexion and (-1.9,5.7) in greater flexion with the FP,and ( 6.8,1.1),(-4.0,7.1) and (0,8.5) with the TP.Conclusions The FP gives better reliability and validity than the TP in joint angle measurement.