ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To construct the quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability， and provide reference for the evaluation of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability. METHODS Twenty-one experts from 18 hospitals in Chongqing were consulted to construct a professional ability index system for clinical pharmacists. TOPSIS model was used to calculate and obtain the expert authority index （EI）， and the weighted averaging method was used to construct the judgment matrix. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to calculate the weights of all indicators for establishing a quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability according to the weights of each item. RESULTS The results of TOPSIS showed that the EI range was 0.010-0.100， and the relative authority of experts was distinguished and measured effectively. The results of AHP showed that the judgment matrix of the quantitative evaluation system met the requirements of consistency test （consistency test index CR＜0.1）. Finally， a quantitative evaluation system for regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability was established， including 6 sub-objective items （basic ability， clinical practice ability， coordination and communication ability， publicity ability， scientific research and teaching ability， continuous improvement ability） and 25 index items （such as educational background， professional title， clinical pharmacy working years， daily theoretical skills assessment， information ability level， medication education， etc.）. CONCLUSIONS A quantitative evaluation system of regional clinical pharmacists’ professional ability has been established. Our study provides a theoretical reference for the quantitative evaluation and optimal management of regional clinical pharmacists.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study synthesis of baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex and its antimicrobial, anti-tumor activity and anti-tumor effect against macrophages.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Baicalin was reacted with metallic salt under a weak base condition to produce baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex. Baicalin and its synthesized complex were detected for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Hay bacillus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Candida albicans by twofold broth dilution technique. Their anti-tumor activity against A549 and IC50 of HepG2 cells and anti-tumor effect against macrophages were detected by the MTT. And their phagocytic effect on macrophages was determined by the neutral red assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The yields of baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex were 73.93% and 91.08%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against Staphylococcus aureus, Hay bacillus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Candida albicans was 0.0004, 0.0009, 0.0004, 0.0009, 0.000 4 mol x L(-1) for baicalin-copper complex and 0.0011, 0.0011, 0.0011, 0.0011, 0.0005 mol x L(-1) for baicalin-aluminium complex. The IC50 values against A549 and HepG2 cells were 89.6, 22.6 micromol x L(-1) for baicalin-copper complex, and 138.8, 97.2 micromol x L(-1) for baicalin-aluminium complex. The inhibitory ratio of macrophage on A549 cell was 43.52%, 80.89%, 52.66%, respectively, after the macrophages were stimulated by baicalin, baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex at a concentration of 160 micromol x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acute toxicity test in mice showed that the complex was nontoxic to mice. Baicalin-copper complex showed the highest antimicrobial, anti-tumor activity, and the strongest effect on the anti-tumor activity of macrophage, while baicalin showed the lowest activities compared with baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex.</p>