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Objective:To analyze the changing trend of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) incidence among residents with different characteristics during 9 years of comprehensive hypertension prevention and control (hypertension prevention and control) in Tengzhou from 2013 to 2021.Methods:From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021, the new ICH cases collected by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Tengzhou City were analyzed to calculate the incidence of ICH, and the trend of its distribution was analyzed among residents with different ages, sexes, and between urban and rural areas. The registered population information came from Tengzhou Public Security Bureau. Age and sex standardized incidence was calculated based on the 7th National Population Census in 2020. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the time and age trends of the incidence.Results:The overall ICH crude and standardized incidence in Tengzhou City decreased from 97.30/100 000 to 52.13/100 000 ( Z=-9.93, P<0.001) and 119.30/100 000 to 50.69/100 000 ( Z=-15.40, P<0.001) from 2013 to 2021, and both elevated to form a single peak in 2020, with 22.58% ( χ 2=24.02, P<0.001) and 18.09% ( χ 2=17.08, P<0.001) higher than in 2019, respectively. The trends in male and female incidence over the same period were similar to the overall trends, and the incidence was higher in males than in females in all years. The incidence of ICH increased with age in all years. The difference of increase in male incidence rate in 2020 was statistically significant in three age groups ≥45 years compared with 2019 (36.29%, 23.57% and 16.18%, respectively, χ 2=6.73, 4.65, 4.00, P<0.001). The incidence of ICH decreased by 70.07% and 36.23% ( Z=18.44, 5.22, P<0.001) in urban and rural areas respectively from 2013 to 2021, whereas increased by 34.15% ( χ 2=10.88, P<0.01) and 22.08% ( χ 2=18.63, P<0.001) in 2020 compared with 2019 separately. Conclusions:The incidence of ICH in Tengzhou from 2013 to 2021 showed a significant downward trend, with the decrease in the incidence of ICH in women exceeding that in men. The decrease in the incidence of ICH in urban areas exceeded that in rural areas, and male morbidity seemingly had a younger trend.
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Objective This paper aims to find a best position of ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops by comparing earache occurred in hyperbaric oxygen(HBO )therapy while using ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops in two positions: laying in lateral position of 45°with head leaning back; laying down flat, so as to supply reference for prevention of earache. Methods We selected 300 cases of HBO patients who were firstly treated by HBO and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 150 cases in each group. All these patients were treated by large medical hyperbaric oxygen tank. On the first to third day, ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops were put into the patients before they were sent into the oxygen tank. Patients in the observation group lay in lateral position of 45°with their head leaning back, and those in the control group were in horizontal position. We put three drops of 1% of ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops respectively into their nasal cavity. When they came out of the oxygen tank, we asked them if they felt earache and checked their tympanic membrane so as to make a comparison. Results It was found that earache, rate of tympanic membrane injury and the extent of such injury in the observation group was obviously less than that in the control group, there was difference in statistics between these two groups. Conclusions Before HBO treatment, ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops that put in lateral position of 45°with patients head leaning back can reduce the possibilities of earache occurred in HBO. It was also observed that such position was an ideal one which had anatomical characteristics of Eustachian tube and was safer than laying down flat, so such position is more practical.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and normal pressure oxygen inhalation for lung infection in patients with severe brain injury and tracheotomy.Methods Sixty lung infection patients with severe brain injury and tracheotomy were stratified by age and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score into an HBO group (30) and a conventional therapy group (30).Both groups were given treatments to reduce intracranial hypertension and protect the brain,surgery,antibiotics,and symptomatic and support therapy.In the conventional group the patients received oxygen therapy at normal oxygen pressure by tracheal cannula.In the HBO group,the patients received HBO therapy through self-made oxygen devices by the authors.The body temperature,cough and expectoration,respiratory sounds and white blood cell (WBC) count were compared between the groups.Results There were statistically significant differences in body temperature,cough and expectoration,respiratory sounds and the normalized time for the count and classification of WBC between the groups.Conclusion HBO had good treatment effectiveness for excretion and expectorant in lung infection patients with severe brain injury and tracheotomy.