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Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 393 in patients with elderly comorbidity of multiple medications who were hospitalized in North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 as the research object, using the general situation questionnaire, the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Medication Compliance Scale (Morisky Scale) to investigate. Descriptive analysis of general data characteristics and polypharmacy burden scores were performed, and t-test, variance analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors. Results:The polypharmacy burden for inpatient with elderly comorbidity was (136.95 ± 22.34) points, and the score rate was 70.23%, which was at a moderately high level. Multi-factor analysis showed that age, education level, personal monthly income, the number of illnesses, the number of medications, the duration of medication, social support, and medication compliance were independent factors influencing polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity ( R 2=0.821, adjusted R 2=0.818, F=220.65, P<0.001). Conclusions:The polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity is at a moderately high level. It is recommended that medical staff should develop individualized nursing interventions to reduce the polypharmacy burden for the factors that affect the burden of multiple medications for this population.
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Aiming at the malpractice of traditional education mode,we have carried out a series of experimental teaching reform on laboratory immunology,including developing compositive and devised experiments,applying the fruit of scientific research into experimental teaching,doing the special discuss after immune experiments as well as going to clinical laboratory to learn termly,which can adequately embody the students' principle part and the teachers' leading role,and improve the students' comprehensive qualities.
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Objective To study the location of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and whether the cellular immunity is induced after immunization of H37Ra in mice.Methods Totally 72 BALB/C mice were included.Thirty mice were intracutaneously injected of 0.1 ml H37Ra solution(about 10~(6) bacteria) at caudal region;thirty mice were injected of BCG of same quantity instead;twelve were free from immunization as control.Viable MTB were detected in spleen and lungs on day 15,30 and 60 after intracutaneous vaccination of H37Ra.The proliferation of T lymphocytes stimulated with purified protein derivative(PPD) was measured by MTT assay and the production of interleukin-2(IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) in the cultural supernatants of T lymphocytes was also determined by ELISA on day 30 and 60 after intracutaneous vaccination of H37Ra.Results Viable H37Ra or BCG could be located in the spleen and lungs in mice for at least 60 d.After H37Ra immunization,the stimulation index(SI) of T lymphocyte proliferation on day 30 and 60 was(2.81?0.63),(2.16?0.52) respectively,which was of no significant difference with that of BCG immunization,but of significant difference with that of non-immunized mice(P
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Objective:To determine the location of mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and whether the cellular immunity is induced after intragastric administration of BCG in mice.Methods:Viable MTB were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes?spleen and lungs at day 15,30 and 60 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice.The proliferation of T-lymphocyte with the stimulus of the purified protein derivative(PPD) was measured at day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice.The expression of interleukin-2(IL-2) of T-lymphocyte in spleen was detected at day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG.Results:Viable MTB were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen at day 15,30 and 60 after intragastric administration.At day 60 and 90 after intragastric administration of BCG to mice,the ratio of T-lymphocyte proliferation was 31.32%,37.94% separately and the production of IL-2 was 37.47?5.60 U/ml,39.41?7.73 U/ml separately.There were no statistically significant differences in the cellular immunity between the mice of the intragastric administration of BCG significant differences in the cellular immunity between the mice of the intragastric administration and the mice of the subcutaneous vaccination of BCG( P 0.05).Conclusion:Intragastric administration of BCG can induce cellular immunity in mice.