Systematic characterization and identification of the chemical constituents of the Schisandra chinensis decoction based on a hybrid scanning technique of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS / 药学学报

italic>Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of reinforcing deficiency, strengthening, and inducing astringency, appliable to treat the chronic cough and deficiency in breath, palpitation, and insomnia, etc. A hybrid mass spectrometry scanning strategy (high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition, HDDIDDA), enabling the ion mobility separation and alternating data-independent acquisition/data-dependent acquisition, was established, which, in combination with in-house library-driven automatic peak annotation workflows facilitated by the UNIFI software, was utilized to systematically characterize the multi-classes of chemical components from S. chinensis. The use of an HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), 0.1% formic acid in H2O-acetonitrile as the mobile phase running at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, and column temperature at 35 ℃, could enable good separation of the S. chinensis components within 42 min. HDDIDDA scan in both the positive and negative ion modes was employed for data acquisition. Based on the automatic peak annotation, reference standards comparison, MS2 data interpretation, and literature analysis, we were able to identify or tentatively characterize 105 compounds in the S. chinensis decoction, involving 56 terpenoids, 42 lignans, five glycosides, one organic acid, and one flavonoid. HDDIDDA scanning can improve the coverage of data acquisition and improve the accuracy of identification, while CCS prediction analysis provides the possibility to distinguish isomers by the ion mobility technology. The results provide reference for the intelligent material basis research of TCM.

Retinal microstructure and developmental characteristics in Zebrafish / 解剖学报

Objective To study the microscopic structure and morphological characteristics of Zebrafish eyeball and retina at different developmental stages, and to lay a foundation for visual research model. Methods Select eight groups of zebrafish at different ages, with six fish in each group, 48 fish in total. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the eyeball structure of Zebrafish at different developmental stages, and the thickness of retinal each layer was measured to analyze the temporal and spatial development pattern. The morphological characteristics of various cells in the retina and the way of nerve connection were observed from the microscopic and ultrastructural aspects, especially the structural differences between rod cells and cone cells. Results The retina of Zebrafish can be divided into ten layers including retinal pigment epithelial layer, rod cells and cone cells layer, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, inner limiting membrane. Rod cells had a smaller nucleus and a higher electron density than cone cells. Photoreceptor terminals were neatly arranged in the outer plexiform layer, forming neural connections with horizontal cells and bipolar cells, and several synaptic ribbons are clearly visible within them. In Zebrafish retina, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer are the earliest developed. With the growth and development of Zebrafish, the thickness of rod cells and cone cells layer and retinal pigment epithelial layer gradually increases, and the retinal structure was basically developed in about 10 weeks. Conclusion The retinal structure of Zebrafish is typical, with obvious stratification and highly differentiated nerve cells. There are abundant neural connections in the outer plexiform layer. The ocular development characteristics of Zebrafish are similar to those of most mammals.

Elemene Antitumor Drugs Development Based on "Molecular Compatibility Theory" and Clinical Application: A Retrospective and Prospective Outlook / 中国结合医学杂志

Elemene, derived from Curcuma wenyujin, one of the "8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province," exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors. Dr. XIE Tian, introduced the innovative concept of "molecular compatibility theory" by combining Chinese medicine principles, specifically the "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy" theory, with modern biomedical technology. This groundbreaking approach, along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge, led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations. These novel formulations offer numerous advantages, including low toxicity, well-defined composition, synergistic effects on multiple targets, and excellent biocompatibility. Following the principles of the "molecular compatibility theory", further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms, recent clinical investigations, advancements in drug delivery systems, and structural modifications. The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers, empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of "molecular compatibility theory".

Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Multiglycoside in Mouse Models of Psoriasis Keratinocytes / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the role of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside (TGW) in the treatment of psoriatic dermatitis from a cellular immunological perspective.@*METHODS@#Mouse models of psoriatic dermatitis were established by imiquimod (IMQ). Twelve male BALB/c mice were assigned to IMQ or IMQ+TGW groups according to a random number table. Histopathological changes in vivo were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ratios of immune cells and cytokines in mice, as well as PAM212 cell proliferation in vitro were assessed by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#TGW significantly ameliorated the severity of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin lesions and restrained the activation of CD45+ cells, neutrophils and T lymphocytes (all P<0.01). Moreover, TGW significantly attenuated keratinocytes (KCs) proliferation and downregulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced the number of γ δ T17 cells in skin lesion of mice and draining lymph nodes (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TGW improved psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting KCs proliferation, as well as the associated immune cells and cytokine expression. It inhibited IL-17 secretion from γ δ T cells, which improved the immune-inflammatory microenvironment of psoriasis.

Early death and causes of death of patients with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review / 北京大学学报(医学版)

To study of premature/early death of autistic patients from the perspective of life course can help families, medical institutions and policy makers better deal with the adverse effects of autism. Several studies have shown that autistic patients have a high risk of death, however, the results are still inconsistent. To assess the risk of mortality among the autistic patients, we undertook a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. This paper reviewed the studies on the negative disease outcomes of autism spectrum disorders, including the risk of death, causes of death and several research hotspots in this field. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used. Information was extracted from selected papers, tabulated and synthesized. In the study, 15 studies were included, with a total of 216 045 individuals. The main outcome was all-cause mortality in association with autism and the secondary outcome was cause-specific mortality. The results showed that all-cause mortality was higher for the autistic patients (RR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.98-2.72, I2=87.1%, P < 0.001). Risk ratio showed a greater inequality for female than male (male: RR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.57-2.55, I2=93.2%, P < 0.001; female: RR=4.66, 95%CI: 3.30-6.58, I2=92.0%, P < 0.001). Compared with the unnatural death, the risk of natural death was higher (RR=3.44, 95%CI: 1.27-9.26, I2=80.2%, P=0.025). As autism had many comorbidities, which would bring more health risks and natural deaths possibilities. There were some structural differences in unnatural death. Accidental injury death and suicide were two kinds of causes. Lacking social skills would weaken the ability to ask for help when encountering injuries. This paper put forward some suggestions for futures. First, to well study the comorbidity can reduce the risk of death from a medical point of view. Second, the scientists and policymakers should pay attention to the social environment and provide a safer environment for the autistic patients. Third, for women and for adolescents without cognitive impairment, due to their high risk of suicide, the society should provide them with more supportive social networks and improve their life satisfaction. Fourth, it is necessary to balance the rehabilitation resources in various regions in China and provide more high-quality lifelong rehabilitation monitoring and care services.

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in predicting early miscarriage / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical significance of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in predicting early miscarriage.@*METHODS@#A total of 122 pregnant women with no history of autoimmune diseases who underwent prenatal examination at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected, and they were tested for AECA. Based on the history of early miscarriage (gestational age at miscarriage < 12 weeks), the participants were divided into an early miscarriage group and a control group. t-tests, non-parametric Wilcoxon tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare general information and laboratory indicators between the two groups. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with early miscarriage. The natural miscarriage rates were assessed through follow-up with pregnant women, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to compare the natural miscarriage rates between AECA-positive and AECA-negative pregnant women.@*RESULTS@#(1) A total of 122 pregnant women were enrolled, comprising 35 cases (28.7%) in the early miscarriage group, with an average age of (32.1±6.1) years, and 87 cases (71.3%) in the control group, with an average age of (30.7±5.1) years. The early miscarriage group had higher gravidity [3 (2, 4) vs. 1 (1, 2), Z=-6.402, P < 0.001] and a higher prevalence of hypertension (11.4% vs.1.1%, P=0.024). The positive rate of AECA in the early miscarriage group (34.3% vs. 8.0%, χ2=13.070, P < 0.001) and the proportion of elevated immunoglobulin G (17.1% vs. 4.6%, P=0.032) were significantly higher than that in the control group. (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher gravidity (OR=4.149, 95%CI: 2.287-7.529, P < 0.001), AECA positivity (OR= 4.288, 95% CI: 1.157-15.893, P=0.029), and elevated immunoglobulin G levels (OR =6.177, 95%CI: 1.156-33.015, P=0.033) were risk factors for early miscarriage. (3) The 122 pregnant women were categorized into two groups: the AECA-positive group (19 cases) and the AECA-negative group (103 cases). Survival analysis demonstrated that at the end of 12 weeks of gestation, the fetal survival rate in the AECA-positive group was significantly lower than that in the AECA-negative group (84.2% vs. 96.1%, P= 0.035).@*CONCLUSION@#Higher gravidity, AECA positivity, and elevated immunoglobulin G levels are significant risk factors for early miscarriage. The results demonstrate that AECA is a novel predicting test in early miscarriage.

Diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer using targeted biopsy with 6-core systematic biopsy for patients with PI-RADS 5 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of targeted biopsy (TBx), systematic biopsy (SBx), TBx+6-core SBx in prostate cancer (PCa) / clinically significant prostate cancer (cs-PCa) for patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score of 5, and thereby to explore an optimal sampling scheme.@*METHODS@#The data of 585 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) with at least one lesion of PI-RADS score 5 at Peking University First Hospital from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent mpMRI / transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) cognitive guided biopsy (TBx+SBx). With the pathological results of combined biopsy as the gold standard, we compared the diagnostic efficacy of TBx only, SBx only, and TBx+6-core SBx for PCa/csPCa. The patients were grouped according to mpMRI T-stage (cT2, cT3, cT4) and the detection rates of different biopsy schemes for PCa/csPCa were compared using Cochran's Q and McNemar tests.@*RESULTS@#Among 585 patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, 560 (95.7%) were positive and 25(4.3%) were negative via TBx+SBx. After stratified according to mpMRI T-stage, 233 patients (39.8%) were found in cT2 stage, 214 patients (36.6%) in cT3 stage, and 138 patients (23.6%) in cT4 stage. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of PCa/csPCa between TBx+6-core SBx and TBx+SBx (all P>0.999). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of PCa/csPCa between TBx and TBx+SBx in the cT2, cT3, and cT4 subgroups (PCa: P=0.203, P=0.250, P>0.999; csPCa: P=0.700, P=0.250, P>0.999). The missed diagnosis rate of SBx for PCa and csPCa was 2.1% (12/560) and 1.8% (10/549), and that of TBx for PCa and csPCa was 1.8% (10/560) and 1.4% (8/549), respectively. However, the detection rate of TBx+6-core SBx for PCa and csPCa was 100%. Compared with TBx+SBx, TBx and TBx+6-core SBx had a fewer number of cores and a higher detection rate per core (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, TBx and TBx+6-core SBx showed the same PCa/csPCa detection rates and a high detection rates per core as that of TBx+SBx, which can be considered as an optimal scheme for prostate biopsy.

Heterogeneity of Outcomes Reporting in Trials Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine Breast Massage for Stasis Acute Mastitis: A Methodological Review / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To systematically analyze the current status of outcomes reporting in clinical trials on treating stasis acute mastitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage.Methods We searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, JBI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal, Clinical Trials Registry, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Center Watch Registry from inception to May 15, 2022 to find randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case series and cohort studies which reported the outcomes of stasis acute mastitis managed with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage, with search terms of mastitis, acute mastitis, lactation mastitis, puerperal mastitis, breast problem, breast engorgement, milk stasis, blocked ducked, breast pain, breast massage, and acupoint massage. Outcomes and the measurement schemes (measurement methods, timing of assessing outcome, frequency of assessing outcome, measurers) were extracted from the included studies. We used the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Cleft Palate (MOMENT) to assess the quality of each study, then categorized outcomes derived from the included studies into different domains according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Arthritis Clinic Trials (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 framework.Results We identified 85 clinical trials, in which 54 different outcomes were reported. A total of 81.2% (69/85) of studies were assessed as medium quality with a mean score of 2.6, and 18.8% (16/85) as low quality with a mean score of 0.9. These outcomes were organized in three core areas. Lump size (89.4%, 76/85) was the most frequently reported outcome, followed by breast pain (69.4%, 59/85) and milk excretion (68.2%, 58/85). Five methods were used to assess lump size and four methods to assess breast pain.Conclusions The outcomes reported in clinical trials regarding stasis acute mastitis treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage are heterogeneous. Developing a core outcome set to achieve consistent standards for reporting outcomes and modalities for validation of the outcomes is clearly warranted.

Smart Hip Ultrasound Technology in Screening for Infant Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo develop a deep learning system for early ultrasound screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip （DDH）， a new smart-hip ultrasound technique （S-hip）， and to validate its clinical application. MethodsWe selected 11，100 annotated and reviewed coronal ultrasound images of infant hips between November 2021 and August 2022， 8，100 of which were used for the training set and 3，000 for the test set， to build a S-hip deep learning system. To verify the consistency between the automated measurement by S-hip and the manual measurements by sonographers， 174 standard coronal ultrasound images of 87 infants' bilateral hips were acquired， then α angle， β angle and femoral head coverage （FHC） were measured by S-hip， an ultrasound expert and a resident. The measurement data and the time required for the measurements were recorded and statistically analyzed. Another 100 standard coronal ultrasound images of the hips were randomly selected and measured twice respectively by the ultrasound expert and resident to assess the intra-sonographer repeatability. ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC） （95% CI） values of α angle， β angle and FHC results measured by S-hip and ultrasound expert were 0.799 （0.738， 0.847）， 0.798 （0.737， 0.846） and 0.934 （0.954， 0.975）， respectively. Those values measured by the ultrasound expert and resident were 0.725 （0.645， 0.789）， 0.674 （0.583， 0.748） and 0.931 （0.908， 0.949）， respectively. The mean absolute errors （MAE） of α angle， β angle and FHC results between measurements by S-hip and ultrasound expert were 2.69 °， 4.43 ° and 2.47%， respectively. The time required for measurements by S-hip， ultrasound expert and resident was （1.59±0.36） s， （18.76±2.23） s and （19.45±2.76） s， respectively. The automated measurement by S-hip cost much shorter time than the manual measurements by sonographers and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.001）. The ICC （95% CI） values of α angle， β angle and FHC results between two measurements by the ultrasound expert were 0.943 （0.916， 0.961）， 0.959 （0.940， 0.972）， and 0.981 （0.971， 0.987）， respectively. Those values by the ultrasound resident were 0.884 （0.833， 0.921）， 0.921 （0.884， 0.946）， and 0.962 （0.944， 0.974）. ConclusionThe S-hip based on a deep learning system is a highly reliable automated technique to accurately measure α angle， β angle and FHC. Compared with ultrasound residents， S-hip allows for a more simplified and significantly quicker measurement， which may enhance the widespread use of hip ultrasound screening in infants.

Clinical Impact of Drug Adherence of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Children with Ph-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to explore the impact of ABL1–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) adherence on the survival of chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children and clarify the potential predictors of patients’ prognosis from TKIs intake practices. @*Materials and Methods@#Ninety newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL patients who received TKIs were enrolled. We collected the baseline characteristics and adverse events in all children; moreover, TKIs adherence was measured by an eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analysis were performed, and risk factors for PFS and OS were evaluated. @*Results@#Among all patients, 69 cases were regarded as adherers, while 21 were non-adherers. The median duration of TKIs interruption was significantly prolonged in the non-adherence group than in the adherence group (13 [0-101] vs. 56 [11-128], p < 0.001). Additionally, dose reduction occurred in 55.2% of non-adherers versus 23.0% of adherers (p=0.002). The PFS and OS in adherers were significantly higher versus non-adherers (p=0.020 and p=0.039). MMAS-8 score was an independent risk factor for PFS (p=0.010) and OS (p=0.031). Among non-adherers, the median OS was only 23.1% (4.2%-42%) in patients aged ≤ 10 years versus 54.4% (38.8%-70%) in adolescents. Most of the patients who experienced TKIs non-adherence suffered pancytopenia. @*Conclusion@#TKIs adherence during treatment significantly influenced the survival of pediatric Ph+ ALL patients, and non-adherers with age ≤ 10 years were more vulnerable to TKIs disruption. The cumulative TKIs dose should be especially emphasized to patients with age ≤ 10 years, which may result in an inferior achievement of relevant treatment milestones.

Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome of Tussilago farfara L / 药学学报

italic>Tussilago farfara L. is a perennial herb of Tussilago genus in the Compositae family. Its dried buds and leaves have good biological activities and have a long history of medicinal use in China and Europe. In this paper, we investigated the whole chloroplast genome characteristics, sequence duplication, structural variation and phylogeny of the Tussilago farfara L. After sequencing the Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome using Illumination technology, the complete Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome was further obtained by assembly and annotation, followed by a series of inverted repeat-large single copy/small single copy region contraction and expansion analysis, genome sequence variation, etc. The sequences of 13 homologous plants downloaded from NCBI were used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the total GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.4% and the length was 150 300 bp; 125 genes were annotated, including 82 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs; 148 (simple sequence repeats, SSR) loci were detected, and the relative synonymous codon usage showed that 31 codons out of 64 codons had a usage of >1. In the phylogenetic analysis, the chloroplast genomes of the seven species of Asteraceae, including the Yulin Tussilago farfara L., were highly conserved, and the sequence variation of the (large single-copy, LSC) and (small single-copy, SSC) regions was higher than that of the (inverted repeat, IR) region. This is in general agreement with the reported phylogeny of Yulin Tussilago farfara L. In this study, we obtained a high quality chloroplast genome and analyzed its genome characteristics, codon preference, SSR characteristics, SC/IR boundary, sequence variation and phylogeny, which can provide a basis for species identification, genetic diversity analysis and resource development of this medicinal plant.

Characterization and identification of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine Psoraleae Fructus based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

This study was designed to comprehensively characterize and identify the chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine Psoraleae Fructus by establishing an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method in combination with in-house library. The chromatographic separation conditions(stationary phase, column temperature, mobile phase, and elution gradient) and key MS monitoring parameters(capillary voltage, nozzle voltage, and fragmentor) were sequentially optimized via single-factor experiments. A BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was finally adopted, with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water(A) and acetonitrile(B) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and column temperature of 30 ℃. Auto MS/MS was utilized for data acquisition in both positive and negative ion modes. By comparison with reference compounds, analysis of the MS~2 fragments, in-house library retrieval and literature research, 83 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized from Psoraleae Fructus, including 58 flavonoids, 11 coumarins, 4 terpenoid phenols, and 10 others. Sixteen of them were identified by comparison with reference compounds, and ten compounds may have not been reported from Psoraleae Fructus. This study achieved a rapid qualitative analysis on the chemical components in Psoraleae Fructus, which provided useful reference for elucidating its material basis and promoting the quality control.

Geographic Variations in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults in 2018-2019: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spatial patterns of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia at the provincial level in China.@*METHODS@#A national and provincial representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 178,558 Chinese adults in 31 provinces in mainland China in 2018-2019, using a multi-stage, stratified, cluster-randomized sampling design. Subjects, as households, were selected, followed by a home visit to collect information. Both descriptive and linear regression procedures were applied in the analyses.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.6%, and wide geographic variations of prevalence, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were identified among 178,558 eligible participants with a mean age of 55.1 ± 13.8 years. The highest-lowest difference regarding the provincial level prevalence rates were 19.7% vs. 2.1% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 16.7% vs. 2.5% for high total cholesterol, 35.9% vs. 5.4% for high triglycerides, and 31.4% vs. 10.5% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The treatment rate of dyslipidemia was correlated with the socio-demographic index ( P < 0.001), urbanization rate ( P = 0.01), and affordable basic technologies and essential medicines ( P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Prevailing dyslipidemia among the Chinese population and its wide geographic variations in prevalence, treatment, and control suggest that China needs both integrated and localized public health strategies across provinces to improve lipid management.

Current situation of myopia among primary school students in Jinhua city and the intervention effect of knowledge, belief and practice / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the current situation of myopia in a primary school in Jinhua city and the intervention effect of knowledge, belief and practice.METHODS: From September to December 2022, a total of 1 482 primary school students who met the inclusion criteria were selected for myopia test and education intervention based on cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was designed based on relevant references. The main contents of the questionnaire include students' general information, low vision and knowledge, belief and practice before and after intervention and prevention of myopia.RESULTS: A total of 1 482 primary school students were investigated and tested, among which myopia was detected out of 657 students, with a myopia rate of 44.33%. Specifically, mild myopia accounted for 54.64%(359); moderate myopia accounted for 23.90%(157); severe myopia accounted for 21.46%(141). A total of 1 468 valid questionnaires were collected before intervention, and 1 457 valid questionnaires were collected after intervention. The overall knowledge rate of myopia prevention and control knowledge before intervention was 62.57%(7348/11744), and it was 81.20%(9465/11656)after intervention, with statistical significance before and after intervention was statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.001). The behavior attendance rate before intervention was 82.48%(9687/11744), and it was 93.73%(10925/11656)after intervention, with statistical significance comparison before and after intervention(P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The results of this survey showed that the myopia situation of primary students in Jinhua city was not optimistic, and some students were not aware of prevention knowledge and correct behavior before intervention. After intervention, the knowledge, belief and practice of myopia prevention and control have achieved remarkable results.

Medium-long-term efficacy of trabeculectomy in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the medium-long-term efficacy of trabeculectomy in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma(PG).METHODS: The clinical data of 38 patients(51 eyes)who were diagnosed with PG and received trabeculectomy at the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2010 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 144mo. The intraocular pressure(IOP), visual acuity and refractive status were analyzed, complications were recorded and surgical efficacy was evaluated.RESULTS: The average preoperative use of IOP lowering drugs was 2.90±0.12, with a mean IOP of 18.89±7.40mmHg. The IOP at 3d, 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after surgery and the last follow-up visit were 14.68±5.08, 13.99±2.95, 14.25±2.50, 14.36±2.83, 14.33±2.66, 14.94±1.95mmHg, respectively, and postoperative IOP was significantly lower at all time points than that before surgery(P&#x003C;0.05), while there was no significant difference at all time points after surgery(P&#x003E;0.05). During the follow-up period, the visual acuity of all patients was stable, and no endophthalmitis or malignant glaucoma occurred. At the last follow-up, the complete success rate was 90%, the qualified success was 8%, and the failure rate was 2%.CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy is a safe and effective treatment method for PG, which can effectively control the IOP, and stabilize the visual acuity and relieve the reverse pupil block.

Chloroplast genome resolution and phylogenetic analysis of Ardisia crispa var. amplifolia and Ardisia crispa var. dielsii / 药学学报

italic>Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC. is a traditional Miao medicinal herb with significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of sore throat, tonsillitis, edema of nephritis and bruising and rheumatism, etc. Ardisia crispa var. amplifolia and Ardisia crispa var. dielsii are varieties of A. crispa. A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii are controversial in terms of species evolutionary relationships and taxonomic identification. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii chloroplasts using Illumina platform, assembled, annotated and characterized them, compared the structural features and degree of variation among chloroplast genomes using bioinformatics methods, and also downloaded constructing phylogenetic trees to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of chloroplasts in Primulaceae and Myrsinaceae using whole genome sequence information. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome sequences of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were 156 749 bp and 156 748 bp in length, with 132 genes annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes; the codon preference of A/U was greater than that of G/C; The differences in the coding regions of rps15 and rpoB genes in the comparative genome analysis can be used as loci for molecular identification of the two species; the differences in the coding regions of ycf1, ycf2, rpoC1, ycf3, petD and rpl16 genes in the chloroplast genome compared with those of the same genus can be used as loci for identification of the genus. In the phylogenetic results, A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii were clustered together with 100% support, indicating that they are closely related. In this research, we analyzed the chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic relationships of A. crispa var. amplifolia and A. crispa var. dielsii, providing an important theoretical basis for their molecular identification, genetic variation, breeding and phylogenetic analysis.

Effect of pH on the chelation between strontium ions and decellularized small intestinal submucosal sponge scaffolds / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the preparation of decellularized small intestinal submucosa (dSIS) sponge scaffolds with chelated strontium (Sr) ions at different pH values, and to select the appropriate pH values for synthesizing Sr/dSIS scaffolds using the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the scaffolds as evaluation indexes.@*METHODS@#(1) Sr/dSIS scaffolds preparation and grouping: After mixing dSIS solution and strontium chloride solution in equal volumes, adjusting pH of the solution to 3, 5, 7, and 9 respectively, porous scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method after full reaction at 37℃, which were named Sr/dSIS-3, -5, -7, and -9 respectively, and the dSIS scaffolds were used as the control group. (2) Physicochemical property evaluation: The bulk morphology of the scaffolds was observed in each group, the microscopic morphology analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the porosity and pore size determined, the surface elements analyzed by energy spectroscopy, the structure of functional groups analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, the chelation rate determined by atomic spectrophotometry, the water absorption rate detected by using specific gravity method, and the compression strength evaluated by universal mechanical testing machine.(3) Biocompatibility evaluation: The cytotoxicity and proliferative effect to bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of each group were evaluated by Calcein-AM/PI double staining method.@*RESULTS@#Scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffolds of each group had an interconnected three-dimensional porous structure with no statistical difference in pore size and porosity. Energy spectrum analysis showed that strontium could be detected in Sr/dSIS-5, -7 and -9 groups, and strontium was uniformly distributed in the scaffolds. Functional group analysis further supported the formation of chelates in the Sr/dSIS-5, -7 and -9 groups. Chelation rate analysis showed that the Sr/dSIS-7 group had the highest strontium chelation rate, which was statistically different from the other groups (P < 0.05). The scaffolds in all the groups had good water absorption. The scaffolds in Sr/dSIS-5, -7 and -9 groups showed significantly improved mechanical properties compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The scaffolds in all the groups had good biocompatibility, and the Sr/dSIS-7 group showed the best proliferation of BMSCs.@*CONCLUSION@#When pH was 7, the Sr/dSIS scaffolds showed the highest strontium chelation rate and the best proliferation effect of BMSCs, which was the ideal pH value for the preparation of the Sr/dSIS scaffolds.

Meta-analysis and GRADE evaluation of Guanxinning Tablets in treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, and provide evidence-based references for clinical medication. Retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Guanxinning Tablets for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease from the inception to April 2022 were collected. After literature screening and data extraction, the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane evaluation manual handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 were used for Meta-analysis. Eighteen RCTs were finally included, involving 2 281 patients. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with conventional western medicine treatment alone, Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine significantly improved angina pectoris efficacy(RR=1.33, 95%CI[1.13, 1.57], P=0.000 8), electrocardiogram efficacy(RR=1.32, 95%CI[1.02, 1.71], P=0.03), and exercise duration(MD=59.53, 95%CI[39.16, 79.90], P<0.000 01) and reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events(MACE)(RR=0.43, 95%CI[0.30, 0.61], P<0.000 01), high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)(MD=-2.75, 95%CI[-3.71,-1.79], P<0.000 01), and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels(MD=-9.34, 95%CI[-11.36,-7.32], P<0.000 01). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(RR=0.91, 95%CI[0.68, 1.22], P=0.52). Subgroup analysis showed that Guanxinning Tablets may have better short-term efficacy(less than 6 months) in the treatment of heart-blood stasis syndrome. GRADE grading showed that angina pectoris efficacy, electrocardiogram efficacy, MACE, and ET-1 were in the medium grade, hs-CRP and adverse reactions were in the low grade, and exercise duration was in the extremely low grade. In conclusion, the efficacy of Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine is better than conventional western medicine treatment alone, with good safety. Therefore, it is recommended for the short-term treatment of patients with heart-blood stasis syndrome. However, the evidence quality of some results is low, and more rigo-rous RCT is still needed to enhance the reliability of evidence.

Quality evaluation of Commelina communis from different origins based on multicomponent content determination combined with chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

This research established a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, and isovitexin in Commelina communis to conduct content difference analysis and quality evaluation of 62 batches of C. communis from different origins. The HPLC content determination was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(14∶86) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 348 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The differences in origins and quality of 62 batches of C. communis were studied by chemometrics. The results showed that the determination of four components mani-fested a good linear relationship in the range of mass concentration(r>0.999 9), and the average recovery rate was 96.17%-103.0%. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, stability, and repeatability were all less than 2.0%. The content of four components from high to low was isoorientin>isovitexin>orientin>vitexin. Forty-seven batches of C. communis with clear origins were classified into six categories by chemometrics. C. communis from different origins had different qualities. Generally, C. communis from Western China, Central China, and South of China had superior qualities. The HPLC method established in this study is specific, simple, and efficient, which provides references for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of C. communis. The chemometrics shows that the qualities of C. communis from different origins are largely different. Isoorientin can be used as an index to determine the content of C. communis, and its content limit should be set no less than 0.023%.

A family with early onset myopathy caused by MEGF10 gene defect and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the genetic and clinical phenotypic characteristics of patients with early-onset myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress and dysphagia (EMARDD) caused by multiple epidermal growth factor 10 (MEGF10) gene defect. Methods: The clinical data of 3 infants in 1 family with EMARDD caused by MEGF10 gene defect diagnosed in the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children's Hospital in April 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Using "multiple epidermal growth factor 10" "myopathy" or "MEGF10" "myopathy" as the key words, and searching the relevant literature reports of CNKI, Wanfang Database and PubMed Database from the establishment of the database to September 2022. Combined with this family, the main clinical information and genotype characteristics of EMARDD patients caused by MEGF10 gene defect were summarized. Results: The proband, male, first infant of monozygotic twins, was admitted to hospital 7 days after birth "due to intermittent cyanosis with weak sucking". The infant had dysphagia accompanied with cyanosis of lips during feeding and crying after birth. Physical examination on admission revealed reduced muscle tone of the extremities, flexion of the second to fifth fingers of both hands with limited passive extension of proximal interphalangeal joints, and limited abduction of both hips. He was diagnosed as dysphagia of newborn, congenital dactyly. After admission, he was given limb and oral rehabilitation training, breathing gradually became stable and oral feeding fully allowed, and discharged along with improvement. The younger brother of the proband was admitted to the hospital at the same time, and his clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment process were the same as those of the proband. The elder brother of the proband died at the age of 8 months due to the delayed growth and development, severe malnutrition, hypotonia, single palmoclal crease and weak crying. A whole exon sequencing of the family was done, and found that the 3 children were all compound heterozygous variations at the same site of MEGF10 gene, with 2 splicing variants (c.218+1G>A, c.2362+1G>A), which came from the father and mother respectively, and the new variation was consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance model. Three children were finally diagnosed as EMARDD caused by MEGF10 gene defect. There are 0 Chinese literature and 18 English literature that met the search conditions. Totally 17 families including 28 patients were reported. There were 31 EMARDD patients including 3 infants from this family. Among them, there were 13 males and 18 females. The reported age of onset ranged from 0 to 61 years. Except for 5 patients with incomplete clinical data, 26 patients were included in the analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The clinical features were mainly dyspnea (25 cases), scoliosis (22 cases), feeding difficulties (21 cases), myasthenia (20 cases), and other features including areflexia (16 cases) and cleft palate or high palatal arch(15 cases). Muscle biopsy showed non-specific changes, with histological characteristics ranging from slight muscle fiber size variation to minicores change which was seen in all 5 patients with at least 1 missense mutation of allele. In addition, the adult onset was found in patients with at least 1 missense variant of MEGF10 gene. Conclusions: MEGF10 gene defect related EMARDD can occur in the neonatal period, and the main clinical features are muscle weakness, breathing and feeding difficulties. Patients with myopathy who have at least 1 missense mutation and muscle biopsy indicating minicores change may be relatively mild.