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Objective To screen the potential key genes of osteosarcoma by bioinformatics methods and analyze their immune infiltration patterns. Methods The gene expression profiles GSE16088 and GSE12865 associated with osteosarcoma were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO),and the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to osteosarcoma were screened by bioinformatics tools.Gene Ontology(GO)annotation,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment,and analysis of immune cell infiltration were then carried out for the DEGs.The potential Hub genes of osteosarcoma were identified by protein-protein interaction network,and the expression of Hub genes in osteosarcoma and normal tissue samples was verified via the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA). Results A total of 108 DEGs were screened out.GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in integrin binding,extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components,ECM receptor interactions,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway.Macrophages were the predominant infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma.Secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1),matrix metallopeptidase 2(MMP2),lysyl oxidase(LOX),collagen type V alpha(II)chain(COL5A2),and melanoma cell adhesion molecule(MCAM)presented differential expression between osteosarcoma and normal tissue samples(all P<0.05). Conclusions SPP1,MMP2,LOX,COL5A2,and MCAM are all up-regulated in osteosarcoma,which may serve as potential biomarkers of osteosarcoma.Macrophages are the key infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma,which may provide new perspectives for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Neoplasms/immunology , Computational Biology/methods , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Osteosarcoma/immunology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics , Tumor-Associated Macrophages/immunologyABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the effects of combination of TAM (tamoxifen) and ADR (doxorubicin) with the respective effect of TAM or ADR alone on the growth of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Methods: The mRNA expression of ER (estrogen receptor) in MG-63 cells was detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR). The morphological changes of MG-63 cells treated with TAM or ADR alone as well as the combination of them were observed under an inverted microscope, and the cell viability was tested by MTT colorimetric assay. Results: The expressions of ERα and ERβ were found in MG-63 cells. The typical apoptotic change of MG-63 cells was observed in each drug intervention group but not occurred in the control group without drug intervention. MTT colorimetric analysis demonstrated that the proliferation inhibition rate of MG-63 cells in the combination group was significantly higher (even two-fold higher) than those in the single-drug groups (with the same dose or double dose) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ERα and ERβ are expressed in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Both TAM and ADR alone can inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cells, and the combination of the two can present more obviously inhibitory effect. One of the possible underlying mechanisms might be that TAM can enhance the sensitivity of MG-63 cells to ADR. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.
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[Objective] To investigate the causes of failures of long bone fractures with internal fixations and to study the treatments and effects of reoperations of long bone fractures with inter-locking intramedullary nail and limited open reduction.[Method]Twenty-four patients of failures of long bone fractures with internal fixations were retreated with inter-locking intramedullary nail and limited open reduction.There were 15 cases of femoral fracture,7 cases of tibial fracture and 2 cases of humerus shaft fracture.Of the femoral fracture,there were 14 cases of fractures of shafts of femurs and 1 case of supracondylar fracture of femur;11 male,4 female;7 left cases,8 right cases;1 case complicated with bending of bone plate and screw,6 cases with breakages of plate;1 case with bending of common intramedullary nail,2 cases with breakages of common intramedullary nails,1 case of screw and wire lock fixation complicated with pseudoarticulation formation,4 cases with nonunion of fracture.Of the cases of tibial shaft fracture,there were 6 male,l female;3 left cases,4 righe cases;3 cases complicated with breakages of bone plate and screw,1 case with failure of external fixator,3 cases with nonunion of fracture.Of the cases of humerus shaft fracture,there were 2 cases of male and left ones;1 case complicated with breakage of bone plate and screw,1 case with breakage of common intramedullary nail.The ages of patients ranged from 18 to 68 years old with mean ages 43.7 years old.All fixation failure cases were retreated with inter-locking intramedullary nails and limited open reductions with autogenous iliac bone grafts or bone allografts.[Result]The average follow-up time was 25 months(12～35 months).All cases were cured with bone unions.Complications with submerge,breakages and bending of intramedullary nails did not occur.In the reoperating cases of femoral and filial fractures,the knee function were excellent in 18 cases,good 2 cases,fair 1 case and poor 1 case according to Karlstrom scale.Among the reoperating cases of humeral fractures,there were 1 case excellent and 1 good of shoulder function according to HAN score.[Conclusion]Reoperations with inter-locking intramedullary nail and limited open reduction are effective methods for treatment of internal fixation failure of long bone fracture.
ABSTRACT
For the purpose of preventing and treating the injuries in female football players, we investigated the incidence and the types of injuries, and analyzed the causes that lead to the injuries in 175 players from 8 female football teams. The results were as follows: (1) The incidence of injuries was 235.4 ％, including 41.8 ％ of acute and 58.2 ％ of chronic injuries. (2) The main injures included contusion (46.5 ％), sprain (22.8 ％), muscle torsion (11.5 ％), and abrasion (10.9 ％). (3) The injuries usually occurred in ankle (22％), knee (14.8 ％), thigh (14 ％), head and neck (9.5 ％), leg (8.5 ％), foot (7.4 ％), lumbar (6.6 ％). (4) The major causes of injuries included: inadequate training (33.3 ％), disobeying training principles (25.2 ％), man-made factors (24.2 ％),and others (17.5 ％). In accordance with the causes, 93 players from Guangdong, Henan, Shandong, Bayi female football teams in 1997 were taken as the treatment group with various prevention and treatment measures, while 58 players from Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi female football teams were taken as the control group. The incidence of injury in 1998 was 105.4 ％ in the treatment group, while 229.3 ％ in the control group (P<0.05). As compared with the incidence of injury in 1997 (235.4 ％), the incidence of injury in the treatment group was also statistically lower (P<0.05). It was concluded that the measures of prevention and treatment in the study were effective.