Status of antibiotic use in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in multiple regions of China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the use of antibiotics in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in multiple regions of China, and to provide a reference for CAP standard treatment and rational antibiotic use in children.@*METHODS@#The medical data of 1 383 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the department of pediatrics in 10 grade A tertiary hospitals from 9 cities between April 14, 2014 and January 1, 2016 were reviewed, to analyze the status of antibiotic use in hospitalized children in North China, Northeast China, East China, and South China.@*RESULTS@#The overall rate of antibiotic use in children with CAP was 89.08%, with 88.7% in North China, 95.5% in Northeast China, 83.3% in East China, and 86.6% in South China. The main types of antibiotics used were cephalosporins, macrolides, compound preparations of β-lactam antibiotics, polyphosphoric broad-spectrum antibiotics and other β-lactam antibiotics. The selection of antibiotics was generally rational, but antibiotics were still used in some patients with viral infection alone or a combined use of ≥2 kinds of antibiotics were noted in some patients with infection caused by one kind of pathogen. Irrational antibiotic use was observed in 131 children (10.63%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are high rates of antibiotic use and irrational use of antibiotics among children with CAP. Standard management of antibiotic use in children with CAP should be strengthened.

Design, synthesis and antiasthmatic activities of NO-donating seratrodast derivatives / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To search for novel antiasthmatic agents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Coupling seratrodast (SD), an antiasthmatic drug, with several different types of NO donors including oxatriazoles, N-hydroxyguanidines and furoxans; evaluating the antiasthmatic effects of coupled compounds by determining their inhibitory activity of guinea pig asthma induced by acetylcholine and histamine; and assessing NO releasing ability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine novel target compounds (I1-9) were synthesized, and their structures were established by IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological test showed that most of the compounds showed high antiasthmatic activities (the latent period of induced asthma was prolonged from 10 s (SD) to 26-62 s), among which 3 compounds (I4, I6, I7) were more potent than SD (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and released more NO than others. The maximum concentrations (Cmax) of NO-release in vitro were 0.1878, 0.1393 and 0.2473 mg x L(-1), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NO donating-SD derivatives are worthy to be futher investigated.</p>