Vitamin D level in children with bloodstream infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the difference in serum 25(OH)D level between children with bloodstream infection and healthy children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted among 60 children with bloodstream infection who were hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2013 and had positive results of two blood cultures. Meanwhile, 60 aged-matched healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as the healthy control group. Chemiluminescence was applied to measure the serum 25(OH)D level, and the constituent ratios of children with different serum 25(OH)D levels were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bloodstream infection group had a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than the healthy control group (P<0.01). Compared with the healthy control group, the bloodstream group had significantly lower constituent ratios of children with normal Vitamin D level (8% vs 35%) or vitamin D insufficiency (22% vs 43%) (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the bloodstream group had significantly higher constituent ratios of children with vitamin D deficiency (42% vs 13%) or severely vitamin D deficiency (28% vs 8%) (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vitamin D insufficiency prevails among children, and children with bloodstream infection have a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than healthy children.</p>

A pathogen analysis within 174 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in the summer of 2009 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the pathogen and characteristics of the serum types of enterovirus of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in the summer, 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both throat swab and herpes fluids were taken respectively from 174 children with HFMD in the outpatient infection during April to September, 2009. Anti-Cox A16 and anti-EV71 IgMs in the serum were detected with ELISA. And RNA were extracted from each sample followed with real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR kits with three reagents: universal enterovirus primer, Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) primer and enterovirus 71 (EV71) primer. Parts of positive samples were sequenced and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) EV genes were detected from 167 cases, of which ,112 cases were positive for CA16 and 46 were positive for EV71. CA16: EV71 was 2.43: 1. (2) There were 51 cases with CA16 IgM positive and 25 cases with EV71 IgM positive in the early collected sera, and in the later samples, 98 cases with CA16 IgM positive and 32 cases with EV71 IgM positive. (3)The nucleotide homologies were 88.7%-98.5% of VP1 gene among CA16. The nucleotide homologies were 94.9% - 99.7% of VP1 gene among EV71, and were 92.1% - 95.3% with C4 subtype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mainly pathogen causing HFMD in children in the summer, 2009 were CA16 and EV71. EV71 infection, mainly C4 subtype, was highly elevated according to the earlier reported. Real-time RT-PCR is more appropriate than the serological test.</p>

Clinical study on cross-infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae and other viruses in children / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical cross infections of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and other viruses in children, providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum specimens of the children hospitalized with fever, respiratory symptom besides positive results of MP-Ab IgM detection were collected. And several common viruses popular in children were investigated within the specimens collected by ELISA kits or indirect immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The PCT levels of 385 cases (81.7%) appear to be under 0.5 ng/ml. (2) In the 514 cases detected for Cox-IgG and Cox-IgM, the positive rates are respectively 40.3% and 35.6%. (3) 2 cases (0.8%) appear to be influenza B virus positive. And the positive rates of parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3 are 0.8%, 0, and 9%. 4, 84 cases (11.8%) are positive for EB-IgM and 451 cases (63.6%) positive for EB-IgG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cross infections rarely occur between MP and common respiratory viruses in Children. The cross-infection rate between Cox-virus and MP is up to 35.6%.</p>

Detection and analysis of the enterovirus infection within 159 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease by a real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the enterovirus infection within children suffering hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from Aprial to August, 2009, for the sake of clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both throat swab and vesicle fluid were taken respectively from 159 children with HFMD. And RNA were extracted from each sample followed with real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR kits with three reagents: universal enterovirus primer, Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) primer and enterovirus 71 (EV71) primer. Parts of postivive samples were sequenced and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) EV genes were detected from 152 cases, of which, 102 cases were positive for CA16 and 43 were positive for EV71. (2) CV16:EV71 was 2.37:1. The positive rates of throat swabs and vesicle fluid samples were not statistically significant. (3) The PCR results were same with that of sequence analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hand-foot-mouth disease recently appeared in our hospital was mainly related to the EV71 or CA16 infection. And the percentage of EV71 infections obviously increased compared to that of 2007.</p>

Relation between acute respiratory infection and enterovirus in children in Beijing area / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the relation between acute respiratory infection and enterovirus (EV), season, age and sex of children in Beijing area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nasopharyngeal secretion samples from 402 inpatient children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) were obtained, and EV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The distribution of month, age and sex among the children positive for EV were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy of the 402 cases were positive for EV RNA, the positive rate was 17.4 percent. The EV positive rate was 17.7 percent in children with lower respiratory tract infection, and 15.9 percent in children with upper respiratory tract infection. The EV positive rates were 0-36.1 percent in different months, which was the highest in the May (36.1 percent) and lower in December (4.3 percent). The positive rate of EV was 14.8 percent-21.9 percent in different age groups except for children 12 years of age and older, the positive rate was the lowest in the 4-6 years age group, and the highest in the 7 month-1 year age group. The EV infected boys and girls accounted for 16.2 percent and 19.7 percent of total numbers of boys and girls, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EV positive rate was higher in children with lower respiratory infection, which suggests that EV may play an important role in ARI of children. The EV positive rate was higher from late spring to autumn. EV infection was common in children under 12 years of age. The rate of EV infection was not significantly different between boys and girls.</p>

Changes of CD4~+CD_(25)~+ Regulatory T Cells in Children with Autoimmune Diseases / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective Through detecting CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells(Treg)in the peripheral blood in children suffering autoimmune diseases and normal controls to learn about the changes of Tregs during the diseases and to acquire some references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The data were reviewed for CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the 93 children diagnosed as pediatric autoimmune disease in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from Nov.2007 to Jun.2008.Thirty-five normal children in the contempora-neous physical examination were selected as the control group.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and CD4+ T cells to the total T cells were determined by flow cytometric method.Data of the JRA group(22 cases),SLE group(12 cases) and HSP group(12 cases),which were the first three according to the number of cases,were respectively compared with the controls.Independent-samples t test was performed for a statistic analysis with SPSS 11.5 software.Results 1.The percentages of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells to the total T cells and CD4+ T cells in the autoimmune diseases children[(6.14?3.21)% and(21.85?11.68)%,respectively] were both higher than those in the control group[(3.68?1.02)% and(12.83?3.61)%,respectively Pa

Diagnostic Value of Fluorescent Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumoniae in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children with MP pneumonia(MPP).Methods From Jun.2008 to Jan.2009,153 cases hospitalized with pneumonia were enrolled,and 30 cases without respiratory infection were enrolled as control group.Their respiratory secretion (including nasopharyngeal secretion,sputum,bronchialalveolar lavage fluid or pharyngeal swab) samples were collected for fluorescent quantitative PCR for MP.And their single or paired serums were collected for specific MP antibody detection.Results There were 123 cases confirmed with MPP by serology,among whom 114 cases were MP PCR positive.The quantitation of MP DNA was among 1.20?106-3.66?1010 gene copys/L. There were 30 cases with pneumonia negative with MP by the paired serum serology,among whom 2 cases were MP PCR positive,and the quantitation of MP DNA was (1.08-3.02)?107gene copys/L.All cases of control group were MP PCR negative.During the first and second weeks of the MPP onset,the sensitivity of MP-IgM from the first single blood samples were 66.7% and 83.9%,respectively.While the sensitivity and specificity of MP PCR were 92.7% and 93.3%,respectively.From the third week of the disease onset,the sensitivity of MP-IgM from the first single blood samples increased to 90.9%-100%.The clinical manifestations of MPP were nonspecific.Conclusions PCR is superior to serology for early diagnosis on MP infection.Combination of the 2 methods may be helpful to early and accurate diagnosis on MP infection.