ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult Japanese encephalitis (JE) patients in a JE outbreak in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province in 2006.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>All the clinical data from the Second People's Hospital in Yuncheng city were analyzed, part of patients' sera and cerebrospinal fluid were tested by serology and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The majority of patients were middle-aged and elderly, 77.8% (35/45) of the total cases were more than 40 years old. Severe and fulminating type cases accounted for 60.0% (27/45). Most patients had underlying diseases. IgM antibody to JE virus (JEV) in serum was positive in each of the 45 patients analyzed and 4-fold or greater rise in sera neutralization antibody titer were found in convalescent serum. JEV nucleic acid was positive in part of cerebrospinal fluid specimens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Viral encephalitis emerged in Yuncheng city, Shanxi Province was Japanese encephalitis B, and most of the cases belonged to elderly group.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Viral , Blood , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Encephalitis, Japanese , Blood , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Epidemiology , Immunoglobulin M , Blood , Neutralization Tests , RNA, Viral , Genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses and cause severe diseases in major crop plants worldwide. Based on current genome sequence analyses, we found that synonymous codon usage variations in the protein-coding genes of begomoviruses are mainly influenced by mutation bias. Base composition analysis suggested that the codon usage bias of AV1 and BV1 genes is significant and their expressions are high. Fourteen codons were determined as translational optimal ones according to the comparison of codon usage patterns between highly and lowly expressed genes. Interestingly the codon usages between begomoviruses from the Old and the New Worlds are apparently different, which supports the idea that the bipartite begomoviruses of the New World might originate from bipartite ones of the Old World, whereas the latter evolve from the Old World monopartite begomoviruses.
Subject(s)
Begomovirus , Genetics , Biological Evolution , Chromosome Mapping , Codon , Genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , DNA, Viral , Genetics , Evolution, MolecularABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of cyclin G1 and its relationship with clinical pathological characters, p53 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to investigate the prognostic value of cyclin G1 in LSCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using immunohistochemistry, 81 cases of LSCC were evaluated for cyclin G1 and p52 expression, MVD was assessed by CD34 staining. In 20 cases, similar assessment was made in the adjacent normal mucosa.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the normal laryngeal mucosa, the expressions of cyclin Gl, p53 and MVD were higher in LSCC than that in normal tissues. The positive rates of cyclin G1 and p53 expressions in LSCC were 61.7% (50/81) and 65.4% (53/81), respectively. The positive rates of cyclin G1 in LSCC with or without p53 expression were 71.7% (38/53) and 42.9% (12/28), respectively. The expression of cyclin G1 was significantly correlated with p53 (P = 0.011). The mean value of MVD was (51.23 +/- 16.46 mv) in cyclin G1 positive group, and(30.74 +/- 12.29 mv) in the negative group, and the difference was significant (P = 0.005). Furthermore, the over-expression of cyclin G1 was related to the histological grade, cervical lymph node metastases and 5 year survival (P = 0.002, 0.013 and 0.032 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cyclin G1 is highly expressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and is associated with the expression of p53 protein and tumor angiogenesis. It may play an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis in LSCC, and may be one of prognostic indices for LSCC patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Cyclin G1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Lymph Nodes , Metabolism , Lymphatic Metastasis , Diagnosis , Prognosis , Proliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenABSTRACT
An increasing number of monopartite begomoviruses are being identified that a satellite molecule (DNAbeta) is required to induce typical symptoms in host plants. DNAbeta encodes a single gene (termed betaC1) encoded in the complementary-sense. We have produced transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum plants expressing the betaC1 gene of a DNAbeta associated with Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transgenic plants expressing betaC1 showed severe developmental abnormalities in both species. Microscopic analysis of sections of both transgenic and non-transgenic N. tabacum leaves showed abnormal outgrowths of transgenic N. tabacum to be due to disorganized cell division (hyperplasia) of spongy and palisade parenchyma. Immuno-gold labeling of sections with a polyclonal antibody against the betaC1 protein showed that the betaC1 protein accumulated in the nuclei of cells. The possible biological function of the betaC1 protein was discussed.