Comparison of clinicopathological features and prognosis in familial and sporadic gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of familial gastric cancer and to improve the treatment outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 67 patients with familial gastric cancer and 820 patients with sporadic gastric cancer in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 1995 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to sporadic gastric cancer, the percentage of familial gastric cancer patients less than 45 years old was higher (34.3% vs. 14.6%). Early gastric cancer(23.9% vs. 13.8%), diffuse gastric cancer(79.1% vs. 29.0%), and lymph node metastasis (91.0% vs. 70.9%) were more common in patients with familial cancer(P<0.05). The 5-year survival rate of familial gastric cancer patients was lower than that of patients with sporadic gastric cancer(20.5% vs. 45.1%)(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Familial gastric cancer has characteristics of younger onset age, advanced disease staging, higher positive lymph node ratio and poorer prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis should be emphasized in the management of familial gastric cancer.</p>

Effects of Gastric bypass surgery on the apoptosis of islet β-cells in type 2 nonobese diabetic (NOD) rats and its mechanism / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Gastric bypass surgery on the apoptosis of islet β-cells in type 2 nonobese diabetic (NOD) rats and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two 8-week-old GK rats were randomly divided into four groups:operation group (group O, n = 18), sham operation group (group S, n = 18), diet control group (group F, n = 18) and control group (group C, n = 18). The levels of fasting, postprandial blood glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured and compared among the 4 groups before the operation and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks following the operation. The blood samples were collected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the operation for the measurement of postprandial blood glucose, and then the rats in batches (6 rats in each group) were decapitated to retrieve the pancreas. The apoptosis of the islet β-cells was detected by using TUNEL assay, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax was measured with immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As for group O, the fasting blood glucose level decreased from (16.2 ± 0.8) mmol/L before the operation to respectively (9.2 ± 0.6) mmol/L and (9.7 ± 0.7) mmol/L at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation; postprandial blood glucose decreased from (31.1 ± 1.1) mmol/L before the operation to respectively (13.1 ± 0.7) mmol/L and (12.3 ± 0.7) mmol/L at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation. Fasting insulin level increased from (28.0 ± 1.2) mU/L before the operation to respectively (62.8 ± 1.9) mU/L and (61.7 ± 1.4) mU/L at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation; and at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation postprandial insulin level was (77.4 ± 1.1) mU/L and (77.1 ± 1.0) mU/L. At 2 weeks from the operation, the fasting GLP-1 in group O increased from (10.7 ± 1.0) pmol/L to (13.5 ± 0.8) pmol/L, and respectively to (26.1 ± 0.9) pmol/L and (25.3 ± 1.2) pmol/L at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation. The differences in the above-mentioned items before and after the operation were all significant in group O (P < 0.05), and the differences in the items among group O and the other three groups (P < 0.05) were all significant as well. In group O, the apoptosis rate of pancreatic islet cell decreased to (5.9 ± 0.7)% at 4 weeks from the operation, and (6.3 ± 1.1)% at 8 weeks from the operation (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 protein in group O was 31.3 ± 1.5, 35.7 ± 1.0 and 35.8 ± 0.8 at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post operation, which was significantly higher in statistics than those of the same time point in the other three groups (P < 0.05). The expression of Bax protein in group O was 13.3 ± 0.9, 10.8 ± 0.9 and 10.9 ± 1.1 at 2, 4 and 8 weeks from the operation, which was significantly lower in statistics than those of the same time point in the other three groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastric bypass surgery can significantly reduce the blood glucose level and promote the secretion of GLP-1, and therefore inhibit the apoptosis of the islet β cells in diabetic rats through the Bcl-2 pathway.</p>

Clinical significance of expression of VEGF and bFGF in thyroid carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical significance of expression of VEGF and bFGF in thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical SP technic was used to investigate the expression of VEGF and bFGF in 90 cases of papillary carcinoma, 14 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 10 cases of normal thyroid tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of VEGF and bFGF in thyroid carcinoma was 63.5% and 59.6% respectively, Which was significantly higher than that in normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.01); The positive rate of VEGF and bFGF in undifferentiated carcinoma was 92.9% and 85.7% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in papillary carcinoma (P < 0.05); The positive rate of expression of VEGF and bFGF was correlated with lymph gland metastasis (P < 0.05); A positive correlation between these two expresses existed in thyroid carcinoma (gamma = 0.596, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF and bFGF can be regarded as a parameter to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma.</p>