Effects on extravascular lung water of lung protective ventilation strategy applied on piglets with acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by paraquat / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To study the effects on extravascular lung water of lung protective ventilation strategy applying on piglets with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by paraquat (PQ) under pulse indicating continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring. Methods: The piglets models with ARDS induced by PQ were established in June 2020 and all of them were received mechanical ventilation and divided into three groups according to tidal volume (V(T)) : small V(T) group (6 ml/kg) , middle V(T) group (10 ml/kg) and large V(T) group (15 ml/kg) , there were 5 piglets in each group. The positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were all setup on 10 cmH(2)O. The indexes such as arterial blood gas analysis, oxygenation index (OI) , extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were monitored at time of before the model was established (baseline) , time of the model was established (t(0)) and 2 h (t(2)) , 4 h (t(4)) , 6 h (t(6)) after mechanical ventilation. Lung tissue were punctured at time of baseline, t(0) and t(6) to be stained by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and pulmonary pathology were observed under light microscopy. Results: The heart rate (HR) , mean arterial pressure (MAP) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) of all groups were higher than the base value while the pH values, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) and OI were lower than the base value when the models were established (P<0.05) . After mechanical ventilation, the HR and MAP values of all groups at t(2), t(4) and t(6) were lower than t(0) while the PaCO(2) of t(4) and t(6) were all higher than t(0), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The PaO(2) and OI of all groups showed a trend of rising at first and then decreasing after mechanical ventilation. The MAP, PaO(2), PaCO(2) and OI of the middle V(T) group and large V(T) group were apparently lower than that of the small V(T) group at t(2), t(4) and t(6) (P<0.05) . The ELWI and PVPI at t(0) of all groups were higher than that of baseline (P<0.05) . The ELWI of the small V(T) group at t(6) were lower than t(0) of the same group and t(6) of the middle V(T) group and large V(T) group (P<0.05) . HE staining showed congestion and edema of alveolar tissue, swelling of capillaries, exudation of red blood cells and widening of alveolar septum in piglets after successful modeling. And further widening of alveolar septum and rupture of alveolar septum could be seen in the lung tissues of each group at t(6), and the injury was the slightest in the small V(T) group. Conclusion: The lung protective ventilation strategy can alleviate the extravascular lung water and ARDS induced by PQ and improve oxygenation.

Characteristics of foreign bodies in upper gastrointestinal tract and analysis of its risk factors for complications / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract and analyze its risk factors for complications. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of the patients who were diagnosed of foreign body impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract, then analyzed its risk factors of complications. Results The date pits were the most common type of foreign bodies and upper esophagus were the most common locations in upper gastrointestinal tract; In Logistic regression analysis, risk factors for complications were the duration of impaction that longer than 12 hours (OR

Efficacy and safety of Changfu peritoneal dialysis solution: a multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult PD patients who had taken PD therapy for at least one month were selected and divided into four groups according to two dialysis solution brands and two dialysis dosages, i.e., 6 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, 6 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution, 8 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, and 8 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution. After 48 weeks, the changes of primary and secondary efficacy indices were compared between different types and different dosages. We also analyzed the changes of safety indices.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Changes of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of net ultrafiltration volume (nUF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Changes of nPCR from baseline to 48 weeks between 6 L and 8 L showed no statistical differences; so did those of nUF and eGFR. The decline of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks in 6 L group was more than that in 8 L group. Change of Ccr was similar. During the 48-week period, the mean Kt/V was above 1.7/w, and mean Ccr was above 50 L×1.73 m(-2)×w(-1). More adverse events were found in Changfu group before Changfu Corporation commenced technology optimization, and the statistical differences disappeared after that.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The domestic PD solution (Changfu) was proven to be as effective as Baxter dialysis solution. During 48-week period, a dosage of 6 L/d was enough for these patients to reach adequate PD. Clinical study promotes technological optimization, further helps to improve the safety indices of the medical products.</p>

Atorvastatin attenuates parathyroid hormone 1-34 induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy through downregulating K-Ras-ERK1/2 pathway / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH1-34) induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and on the expression changes of small GTP-binding protein (K-Ras) and extracellular signal regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was established with 10(-7) mol/L rPTH1-34 in the presence or absence of 10(-5) mol/L atorvastatin or 10(-4) mol/L mevalonic acid (MVA). Cardiomyocyte diameter was measured by Motic Images Advanced 3.0 software, the synthetic rate of protein in cardiomyocytes was determined by (3)H-leucine incorporation and single-cell protein content was measured by BCA. The concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined by ELISA. Protein expression of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and K-Ras was detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to PTH1-34 group, cellular diameter was decreased 12.07 µm, (3)H-leucine incorporation decreased 1622 cpm/well and single-cell protein content decreased 84.34 pg, ANP or BNP concentration reduced 7.13 µg/L or 20.04 µg/L, protein expression of K-Ras, ERK1/2 or p-ERK1/2 downregulated 0.81, 0.19 and 1.44 fold, respectively, in PTH1-34 plus atrovastatin co-treated cardiomyocytes (all P < 0.05). Compared to PTH1-34 plus atrovastatin co-treated group, cardiomyocyte diameter increased 4.95 µm, (3)H-leucine incorporation increased 750 cpm/well and single-cell protein content increased 49.08 pg, ANP or BNP increased 3.12 µg/L or 9.35 µg/L and protein expression of K-Ras, ERK1/2 or p-ERK1/2 upregulated 0.52, 0.06 and 1.19 fold (all P < 0.05) in MVA, PTH1-34 and atrovastatin co-treated cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Atrovastatin attenuates PTH1-34 induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophy through downregulating K-Ras and ERK1/2 pathway.</p>

ANKRD7 and CYTL1 are novel risk genes for alcohol drinking behavior / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex disorder characterized by impaired control over drinking. It is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. The recent approach of genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful tool for identifying complex disease-associated susceptibility alleles, however, a few GWASs have been conducted for AD, and their results are largely inconsistent. The present study aimed to screen the loci associated with alcohol-related phenotypes using GWAS technology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A genome-wide association study with the behavior of regular alcohol drinking and alcohol consumption was performed to identify susceptibility genes associated with AD, using the Affymetrix 500K SNP array in an initial sample consisting of 904 unrelated Caucasian subjects. Then, the initial results in GWAS were replicated in three independent samples: 1972 Caucasians in 593 nuclear families, 761 unrelated Caucasian subjects, and 2955 unrelated Chinese Hans.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Several genes were associated with the alcohol-related phenotypes at the genome-wide significance level, with the ankyrin repeat domain 7 gene (ANKRD7) showing the strongest statistical evidence for regular alcohol drinking and suggestive statistical evidence for alcohol consumption. In addition, certain haplotypes within the ANKRD7 and cytokine-like1 (CYTL1) genes were significantly associated with regular drinking behavior, such as one ANKRD7 block composed of the SNPs rs6466686-rs4295599-rs12531086 (P = 6.51 × 10(-8)). The association of alcohol consumption was successfully replicated with rs4295599 in ANKRD7 gene in independent Caucasian nuclear families and independent unrelated Chinese Hans, and with rs16836497 in CYTL1 gene in independent unrelated Caucasians. Meta-analyses based on both the GWAS and replication samples further supported the observed significant associations between the ANKRD7 or CYTL1 gene and alcohol consumption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The evidence suggests that ANKRD7 and CYTL1 genes may play an important role in the variance in AD risk.</p>

Parathyroid hormone 1-34 induce cardiac myocytes hypertrophy via extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathway / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK, MEK1) and regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) on cardiac hypertrophy induced by rat parathyroid hormone1-34 (rPTH1-34).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was treated with or without 10(-7) mol/L rPTH1-34 in the absence or presence 2 x 10(-5) mol/L PD98059, a MEK1 inhibitor. Cellular diameter was measured by Motic Images Advanced 3.0 software and the synthetic rate of protein in cardiac myocytes was detected by 3H-leucine incorporation, mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was measured by RT-PCR and protein expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 was measured by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>rPTH1-34 (10(-7) mol/L) significantly increase cellular diameter (+13.6 microm), 3H-leucine incorporation (+898 cpm/well), ANP mRNA expression (+73.9%), and p-ERK1/2 protein expression (+15%) compared to control cells (all P < 0.05) and these effects could be significantly attenuated by PD98059: cellular diameter (-7.1 microm), 3H-leucin e incorporation (-644 cpm/well), ANP mRNA expression (-52.2%), and protein expression of p-ERK1/2 (-18%) (all P < 0.05 vs. PTH group). PD98059 did not affect control cells without PTH treatment (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PD98059 attenuates PTH induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro via inhibiting the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2.</p>

Functional recovery after rhesus monkey spinal cord injury by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal-stem cell-derived neurons / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The treatment of spinal cord injury is still a challenge. This study aimed at evaluating the therapeutical effectiveness of neurons derived form mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for spinal cord injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, rhesus MSCs were isolated and induced by cryptotanshinone in vitro and then a process of RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) gene. The induced MSCs were tagged with Hoechst 33342 and injected into the injury site of rhesus spinal cord made by the modified Allen method. Following that, behavior analysis was made after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. After 3 months, true blue chloride retrograde tracing study was also used to evaluate the re-establishment of axons pathway and the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry were performed after the animals had been killed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this study, the expression of mRNA of GAD gene could be found in the induced MSCs but not in primitive MSCs and immunohistochemistry could also confirm that rhesus MSCs could be induced and differentiated into neurons. Behavior analysis showed that the experimental animals restored the function of spinal cord up to grade 2-3 of Tarlov classification. Retrograde tracing study showed that true blue chollide could be found in the rostral thoracic spinal cords, red nucleus and sensory-motor cortex.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results suggest that the transplantation is safe and effective.</p>