Nocturnal hemodialysis reducing mortality risk of maintenance hemodialysis patients / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To compare the difference of mortality risk between patients undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) and conventional hemodialysis (CHD) and to explore the related factors of mortality. Methods The study cohort comprised the maintenance hemodialysis patients receiving either NHD (n=111) or CHD (n=722) in Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University from Feb. 2009 to Feb. 2017. The demographic information, clinical characteristics, survival status, causes of death and laboratory examination indexes were obtained from hemodialysis management system. The urea clearance index (Kt/V), hemoglobin, blood phosphorus concentration and mortality were compared between NHD and CHD patients. The multivariate-adjusted Cox model was used to analyze the mortality risk of all patients. Results Compared with the patients receiving CHD, the proportion of male was more in the NHD group, and the baseline age was younger (P3 years (P<0.05). Conclusion NHD can effectively increase the solute clearance, improve anemia and calcium and phosphate metabolism, and thus reduce the mortality risk of maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Research on ginseng trade competitiveness between China and Korea / 中国中药杂志

Ginseng is one of China's valuable Chinese herbal medicines, with a long using history. Ginseng has worldwide reputation, and widely used in food, medicine, health products, cosmetics and other production. China and South Korea have a big ginseng industrial, and sharing half of the export market. The ginseng export competitiveness analysis seems important and necessary between China and South Korea. In this paper, the data of customs and trade of ginseng in COMTRADE database were studied, and ginseng export competitiveness was analyzed between China and Korea. The results showed that the ginseng export competitiveness of Korean more competitive than China. Contrast with China, South Korea using only 15% total amount of ginseng exports and produced the same total export amount. This article has the reference value to the traditional Chinese medicine resources management and the economics research. On this basis, this paper further discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in the development of ginseng industry in China.

Water extract from Codonopsis thalictrifolia wall affects the reproductive system of male infant rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impact of the water extract from Codonopsis thalictrifolia Wall (CTW) on the reproductive</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We divided 32 male SD infant rats into four groups of equal number to be treated intragastrical-system of male infant rats. ly with distilled water (control) and CTW at 10 g/kg (low dose) , 20 g/kg (medium dose), and 40 g/kg (high dose), respectively, twice a day for 2 weeks. Then we killed the rats, measured the levels of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum, obtained the testis weight, body weight, testis visceral coefficient and sperm concentration, and detected sperm viability, sperm motility and the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the Leydig cells, followed by</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the low-dose, me-analysis of differences among different groups using the SPSS software. Medium-dose and high-dose CTW groups showed significant decreases in the serum T level ([3.09 +/-0.42] vs [1.22 +/-0. 32] , [1.06 +/- 0.29] and [0.57 +/-0.18] nmol/L, P<0.01), testis weight ([1.40 +/-0.16] vs [0.96 +/-0.09], [0.92 +/-0.11] and [0.91 +/- 0.08] g, P <0.01), and sperm concentration ([1.03 +/-0.16] vs [0.19 +/-0.07], [0.17 +/-0.08] and [0.16 +/-0.07] x 10(6)/ml, P <0.01), but a dramatic elevation in the testis visceral coefficient ([42.22 +/- 3.02] vs [51.39 +/- 3.09], [52.28 +/- 4.86] and [54.13 +/-6.06] mg/10 g, P <0.01); the medium- and high-dose CTW groups exhibited remarkable increases in the levels of serum LH ([13.62+/-0.89] vs [14.69 +/-0.12] and [14.93 +/-0.28] ng/L, P<0.01) and FSH ([4.32 +/-0.18] vs [4.77 +/-0.23] and [4.89 +/-0. 38] IU/L, P <0.05); all the three CTW groups showed markedly inhibited serum T secretion ([1.85 +/- 0.18] vs [1.42 +/-0.15], [1.12+/-0.18] and [0.88 +/-0.21] nmol/L, P<0.01) and intracellular cAMP ([5.51 +/-0.12] vs [4.39+/-0.06], [4.28 +/-0.07] and [4.11 +/- 0.10] nmol/L, P <0.01) in the Leydig cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The water extract from CTW may reduce the synthesis of testosterone in the serum of male infant rats through the PKA pathway and consequently inhibit their testicular development and sperm production and affect the development of their reproductive system.</p>

Research progress of biopharmaceuticals for type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of biopharmaceuticals for type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Both pharmaceuticals being studied and the classical ones were classified and described, with newly published articles introduced. RESULTS: The research progress of biopharmaceuticals for T2DM was comprehensively summarized. CONCLUSION: The discovery of novel targets and pathogenic mechanism has made biopharmaceuticals a potent weapon for T2DM therapy, however, further optimization is needed and multiple problems still remain to be solved.

Authentication of Pinellia pedatisecta and their adulterants by AS-PCR / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a molecular method for the authentication of Pinellia pedatisecta and its adulterants.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>DNA sequences of some species from P. tenore, Typhonium and Arisaema were downloaded from GenBank, the sequences were aligned using DNAMAN. Allele-specific primers for P. pedatisecta and P. tenore were designed according to their SNPs in rpl 20 sequence. The designed primers were used to amplify 10 samples of P. pedatisecta, P. ternata and T. flagelliforme.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A 351 bp band was amplified from P. pedatisecta but not form P. ternata and T. flagelliforme by primer Pprpl149F and Pprpl484R. A 630 bp band was amplified from P. ternate and P. pedatisecta but not from T. flagelliforme by primer Ptrpl94F and Ptrpl699R.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AS-PCR has the advantages of highly specific and good reproducibility, by which P. pedatisecta can be identified from part of its adulterants quickly. It is a potential method to be used in the molecular identification of other materia medica.</p>

A new method to obtain molecular marker of sequence-tagged site (STS) of Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Searching a new molecular method to authenticate Panax ginseng and P. quenquefolium.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Single primers based on rDNA sequences of Panax species were designed to obtain polymorphic bands of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius and then sequenced. Four PCR primers (two forword and two reverse primers) specific to P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius were designed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Primer Pg-6F, Pg-479R only amplified 474 bp band for P. ginseng and primer Pq-442F, Pq-658R only amplified 217 bp band for P. quinquefolius. It is indicated that the four primers could serve as specific STS primers for Panax species.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A new way to obtain STS primers of Panax species was established. This method is more quick and efficient than SCAR-PCR method and can serve as a model to obtain molecular markers for other Chinese material medica.</p>

Functional genomics studies of Salvia miltiorrhiza I. Establish cDNA microarray of S. miltiorrhiza / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Establishing cDNA microarray, in order to study functional genomics of Salvia miltiorrhiza.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Total RNA samples were prepared from S. miltiorrhiza roots using a modified CTAB method. mRNA was isolated by Quichprep Micro mRNA Purification Kit from Pharmacia. Then cDNA was synthesized and cloned into the EcoRI-XhoI sites of the ZAP Express vector using a cDNA synthesis kit, and the ligation mixture was packaged using a ZAP-cDNA Gigapack Gold III cloning kit (Stratagene). The single phage was isolated for PCR amplification, Aliquots of the PCR reactions were analyzed in a 1.5% agarose gel to verify the quality of PCR. The remaining cDNA was purified by Multiscreen filter plates (Millipore) and aliquots were analyzed by agarose gel again to verify the quality of purification. Clones passed verification was resuspended in 15 microL 50% DMSO for arraying. An actin gene from S. miltiorrhiza was used for positive control. PloyA and 50% DMSO was used for negative controls.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Bacterial colonies containing cNDAs of S. miltiorrhiza were inserted with average insert size of 0. 5 kb to 2. 5 kb. Total 4 354 genes were singled out from the first 8 736 PCR product and used for cDNA microarray manufacture. Single color fluorescence hybridization showed that all positive controls had signals while negative controls had no signals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was the first cDNA microarray about traditional Chinese herbs especially for geoherbs. It could be a powerful tool for studying functional genomics of S. miltiorrhiza.</p>

A new molecular identification method: anchored primer amplification polymorphism DNA / 药学学报

To build up a stable and easy doing method for molecular identification in traditional Chinese medicine, on basis of RAPD, the new method mainly changed the primer length and PCR annealing temperature. Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and its nine adulterants were used to establish the method and test it using MARMS primers published in 2004. The new method also used to authenticate Chinese Materia Medica of Tian-hua-fen (Radix Trichosanthes) and Bai-zhi (Radix Angelica). Primer Pg-q36F obtained polymorphic bands of P. Ginseng, P. quinquefolius and its adulterants. The identification result is identical to that published before and more stable. Primer TkS1-64F obtained polymorphic bands of Tian-hua-fen and its nine adulterants. Primer AfS1-100F obtained polymorphic bands of Bai-zhi and its three adulterants. The method has good stability and reproducibility and can easily identify authertic medicines from their adulterants. It was a potential molecular method to identify other Chinese Materia Medica. The method was named as anchored primer amplification polymorphism DNA (APAPD).

High specific PCR identification of Bungarus multicinctus and its adulterants / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a convenient and effective method for the identification of Bungarus multicinctus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Based on the sequence of Cyt b gene fragment of B. multicinctus and its adulterants, a pair of highly specific primer (HJL- and HJH-) were designed for distinguishing B. ulticinctus from other species of snake. To establish specific PCR reaction condition, the primers were employed to amplify the DNA templates extracted from B. multicinctus and 6 other species of snake, under different annealing temperature. Using this method, B. multicinctus was identified from 18 samples bought from many drugstores.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A 230 bp DNA fragment was amplified from B. multicinctus in PCR with annealed temperature at 67 degrees C, whereas no DNA fragment was amplified from other snake samples under the same reaction condition, B. multicinctus could be clearly distinguished from others by PCR reaction with the highly specific primers. In the present study, 18 sample, bought from different drugstores, were also identified by the highly specific PCR with the primers. The results indicated that 14 samples were B. multicinctus and the other 4 were adulterant, which was consistent with the conclusion of authentication based on morphological.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The primers designed in the present study were highly specific for B. multicinctus.</p>

Application of multiplex allele-specific PCR for authentication of Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Searching and identifying SNP in Panax species and using multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) to authenticate P. ginseng and P. quenquefolium.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Based on genbank database of Panax species, using DNAMAN to align the sequences, identify SNP of P. ginseng and P. quenquefolium. Design allele-specific primers for P. ginseng and P. quenquefolium, optimize the PCR reaction system including the usage amount of Taq, dNTP, primer, etc. Optimized system was performed with the total DNA of 20 different sources of P. ginseng and P. quenquefolium.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>When the annealing temperature was 66 'C, the template DNA of P. ginseng could be amplified 249 bp band whereas P. quenquefolium amplified 1 049 bp band.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MAS-PCR have the advantages of highly specific, good reproducibility and could be identify P. ginseng and P. quenquefolium in the same PCR tube. It was a potential method to use in the molecular identification of other meteria medica.</p>