Comparison of efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and extracorporeal shock wave for the treatment of chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and extracorporeal shock wave in treating chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy.@*METHODS@#From February 2019 to August 2021, 42 patients with chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy were selected and divided into PRP group(20 patients, 28 feet) and shock wave group (22 patients, 29 feet). In PRP group, there were 12 males and 8 females, aged 47.00(28.00, 50.75) years old, and the courses of disease ranged 7.00(6.00, 7.00) months;PRP injection was performed in the Achilles tendon stop area of the affected side. In shock wave group, there were 16 males and 6 females, aged 42.00(35.75, 47.25) years old;and the courses of disease was 7.00(6.00, 8.00) months;shock wave was performed in Achilles tendon stop area of the affected side and triceps surae area. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) were applied to evaluate clnical effect before treatment, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment, and satisfaction of patients was investigated.@*RESULTS@#VAS and VISA-A score in both groups were significantly improved at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment than before treatment (P<0.05), VAS and VISA-A score in PRP group at 6 months after treatment were significantly higher than those at 1 and 3 months after treatment, and VAS and VISA-A score in shock wave group were lower than those at 1 and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS and VISA-A score between two groups before treatment, 1 and 3 months after treatment(P>0.05), while VAS and VISA-A score in PRP group were better than those in shock wave group at 6 months after treatment(P<0.05), and the satisfaction survey in PRP group was better than that in shock wave group(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#PRP injection has a good clinical effect on chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy with high patient satisfaction, and medium-and long-term effect of PRP injection for the treatment of chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy is better than that of extracorporeal divergent shock wave.

Cross-sectional study on ankle sprain and its related factors in physical education college / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore prevalence, risk factors and treatment of ankle sprain of young college student , in order to obtain accurate epidemiological data.@*METHODS@#From March 2019 to May 2019, 552 college students(1 104 sides of anke joints) from Xi'an Physical Education university were enrolled in study according to inclusion and excludion standard, including 309 males and 243 females aged from 16 to 24 years old with an average of (20.9±3.7) years old. Age, gender, and body mass indes(BMI) etc were recorded. Morbidity of acute and chronic ankle sprains of physical students, treatment after the first sprain (cold compress, cast or plaster bracing and medicine), visual analogue scale (VAS) during walking were assessed through ankle sprain questionnaire;Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT), Maryland foot score were applied to assess ankle function. Lateral ankle ligament injury was objectively assessed by musculoskeletal ultrasonography.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of acute ankle sprain(AAS) was 96.20% (531/552), and the incidence of AAS was 59.96% (622/1 104). The prevalence of chronic ankle joint instability(CAI) was 16.85% (93/552), and the incidence of CAI was 8.97% (99/1 104). In the four categories of sports, college student suffered from multiple sprains in performance majors group was 22.20% (14/63), including of aerobicsand dance performance. The incidence of AAS of ball sports was 8.60%(14/163). After the first sprain, most college students(94.4%) were received cold compression, about 60% of them went to hospital;however, only 44.7% students were received standard treatmens(cast or plaster), only 35.3% of them were received hard ankle orthosis. In 552 college students, 44 students were suffered from more than 4 times of ankle sprain, and the total incidence was 7.97% (44/552). Cumberland score was 26.6±2.4, Cumberland score of students sprained ankle joint more than 4 times was (29.2±1.1), suggested it was a risk factor for ankle joint instability. VAS of students sprained ankle joint more than 4 times was higher than that of less than 4 times(P<0.05), Maryland foot score was significantly lower than that of that of <4 times(P<0.05). Musculoskeletal ultrasonography measured the thickness of anterior tibiofibular ligament(ATFL) was (2.41±0.41) mm, and the thickness of calcaneofibular ligament(CFL) was (1.92±0.21) mm, and had no statistical difference(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ninty-four percent college students had at least once ankle sprain, ankle sprains were more common in erobics and ball sports. After the first sprain, the proportion of cast or plaster treatment was less than 50%. Sprained ankle joint more than 4 times is a risk factor, and musculoskeletal ultrasonography showed thickening of both ATFL and CFL, while no statstical difference.

Rotating Scarf osteotomy in treating hallux valgus combined with the first metatarsal rotation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical effect of rotational Scarf osteotomy in treating hallux valgus (HV) with rotation of the first metatarsal bone.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to October 2019, 35 patients (40 feet) with HV and rotation deformity of the first metatarsal were treated with rotational Scarf osteotomy, including 5 males and 30 females;aged from 25 to 76 years old with an average of (40.32±5.43) years old. Hallux valgus angle(HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), the first metatarsal length (FML) were observed and compared, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) of hallux metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joint score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate functional evaluation.@*RESULTS@#Thirty-five patients(40 feet) were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of (14.35±3.62) months. HVA, IMA and DMAA were corrected from (36.32±4.51) °, (14.21±3.22) ° and (28.35±4.32) ° before operation to (14.32±5.71) °, (5.83±3.97) ° and (7.32±2.14) ° after operation respectively (P<0.05). There was no satistical difference in FML before and after operation (P>0.05). AOFAS score and VAS improved from (57.00±4.31) and (6.00±1.21) before operation to (90.31±3.28) and (1.42±0.83) after operation, respectively, and had significant difference(P<0.05);according to AOFAS score, 23 feet got excellent results, 15 feet good and 2 feet fair.@*CONCLUSION@#Rotational Scarf osteotomy with strong correction and high dimension could effectively correct HV combined with rotation deformity of the first metatarsal bone, improve function of the forefoot, and obtain good clinical results.

Case-control study on Scarf and double metatarsal osteotomy of the first metatarsal for the treatment of hallux valgus deformity / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical efficacy of scarf osteotomy and double metatarsal osteotomy(DMO) in treating moderate to severe hallux valgus.@*METHODS@#Fifty patients (81 feet) with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity were treated from January 2017 to December 2019, and were divided into Scarf osteotomy (SO) group or DMO group according to different osteotomy methods. There were 26 patients (44 feet) in SO group, including 1 male and 25 females, aged from 48 to 65 years old with an average of (55.5±4.67) years old;18 patients (30 feet) with moderate and 8 patients (14 feet) with severe. There were 24 patients(37 feet) in DMO group, including 1 male and 23 females, aged from 45 to 62 years old with an average of (52.1±6.8) years old;there were 14 patients (24 feet) with moderate and 10 patients (13 feet) with severe. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) and relative length of the first metatarsal(RLFM) on weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs before and after operation were compared. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux, metatarsal, and interphalangeal joint scores was used for evaluate clinical effects. Weight bearing time and complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#Fivty patients were followed up. The follow-up time in SO group ranged from 12 to 36 months with an average of(20.50±6.22) months and from 16 to 28 months with an avaerge of(19.80±2.44) months in DMO group while there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). All incision healed at stage I, and osteotomy healed at (20.31±3.17) months after operation. One patient occurred hallux adduction deformity, without transferred metatarsalgia;2 patients occurred metastatic metatarsalgia in DMO group. There were no significant difference in HVA, IMA, DMAA, and AOFAS scores between two groups(P>0.05) before and after operation. There was no significant difference in RLFM between two groups(P>0.05), while had significant difference in RLFM between two groups at final follow-up (P<0.05). Partial weight-bearing time and full weight-bearing time in SO group were significantly earlier than those in DMO group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both of Scarf osteotomy and the first metatarsal biplane osteotomy could effectively treat moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity, with similar imaging and clinical evaluation. However, the relative length of the first metatarsal bone in SO group was longer than that in DMO group after operation, and the time of weight bearing in Scarf osteotomy is earlier than that of double metatarsal osteotomy of the first metatarsal.

Clinical results of modified medial approach in the treatment of Pilon fracture with medial column compression / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical results of modified medial incision in the treatment o f Pilon fracture with medial column compression and evaluate its safety.@*METHODS@#Thirty-one patients of Pilon fracture with medial column compressiom accepted surgical treatments in the Department of Foot and Ankle at Honghui Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to January 2019. According to the imaging data at admission, 31 cases were diagnosed as closed Pilon fractures, and both preoperative X-ray and 3D CT scan were shown as medial column compressive fractures. All patients underwent modified medial incision with complete data, including 23 males and 8 females;ranging in age from 22 to 65 years old, with an average of (39.5±16.2) years old. All patients underwent modified medial approach combined with other approaches to expose the broken end of fracture. The time from trauma to operation ranging from 7 to 20 days, with a mean of(9.5±5.5) days. The incision and fracture healing were followed up regularly after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up with an average of(15.7±5.5) months(ranged, 13 to 25 months). Preoperative and postoperative routine X-ray and 3D CT examination showed anatomical reduction in 8 cases, and the anatomical reduction rate was 25.81%. Up to the latest follow-up, all 31 fractures had achieved bone healing, and the healing time ranged from 11 to 22 weeks, with a mean of (14.3±4.7) weeks. At the latest follow-up, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot scores ranged from 75 to 89, with a mean of 80.5±4.9, 24 patients got a good result, 7 fair.@*CONCLUSION@#The improved medial approach for Pilon fracture can directly expose the posterior medial, medial and anterior medial of the distal tibia. After reduction under direct vision, the medial compressed and collapsed articular surface are fixed. The clinical curative effect is satisfactory and the wound complications are less. It is recommended for Pilon fracture where compression of the medial articular surface is predominant.

VSD technique combined with Ointment for the treatment of foot skin defects / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique and Ointment in the treatment of foot skin defect.@*METHODS@#From November 2017 to April 2019, 21 patients (21 feet) with foot skin defect were treated with VSD technique and Ointment. There were 17 males and 4 females, aged from 24 to 60 years old with an average of (37.8±11.2) years, 9 cases caused by traffic accident injury, 6 cases by heavy injury, 6 cases by falling injury. The time from injury to operation was for 3 to 36 (8.6±7.2) h, and the area of foot skin defect was for 20.35 to 83.43(47.2±19.5) cm. All patients underwent debridement or phaseⅠtemporary fixation in emergency, and three-dimensional imagingof the foot was performed by using Mimics software, and the defect area was rendered. The quality of wound healing and complications were observed, and the clinical effect was evaluated by Maryland foot function score.@*RESULTS@#All the 21 patients were followed up for 7 to 17 (10.8±2.7) months. There was no infection or nonunion in all patients. At the final follow-up, the skin margin of the healing site grew tightly, the skin was elastic, the texture was tough, the appearance was no obvious carbuncle. The time of wound healing was for 18 to 63 (41.2±13.3) days. Eight patients underwent stageⅡfixation or/and fusion, and all incisions healed by stageⅠ. According to Maryland's foot scoring, 9 cases got excellent results, 11 good, and 1 middle.@*CONCLUSION@#VSD can effectively remove the necrotic tissue of the wound, provide a smooth drainage of the wound, combine with Ointment to prevent infection and promote the rapid growth of granulation tissue, whose whole treatment cycle was short, the wound healing site was highquality, the limb function was good, and the clinical effect was satisfactory.

Contamination and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens from chicken in Macao / 中国人兽共患病学报

We determine the contamination and genotypes of Clostridium perfringens isolated from chickens in Macau.C. perfringens were isolated from these samples by double tube method and then identified by biochemical test.Genotyping of i-solated strains was determined by multiplex PCR.A total of 120 samples,the positive rates were 37.5%,respectively.All of the isolated strains were type A.This study indicated that contamination of C.perfringens type A exists in chicken intestines, fresh chickens and chilled chickens in Macau,and provided reference data for the public health problems caused by C.perfrin-gens.

Modified limited L incision with distraction bone block arthrodesis for subtalar osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the functional outcomes of modified limited "L" incision beside the Achilles tendon with distraction bone block arthrodesis in treatment of subtalar osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to September 2012, a total of 22 cases of old calcaneus fractures with subtalar osteoarthritis were treated with modified limited "L" incision and distraction bone block arthrodesis including 13 males and 9 females with a mean age of 35.3 years old (ranged 22 to 49). The mean time from calcaneal fracture was 21 months (ranged 11 to 32). According to the Stephens-Sanders classification, 16 cases were type II and 6 were type III. The modified-AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was used for functional outcomes evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was one incision necrosis and no infection, implant failure, bone-graft absorbed or talus necrosis was note at the follow-up time. A total of 21 cases were followed up for a mean time of 29 months (ranged from 18 to 46 months). All of the cases reached a bony union within 4 months postoperation. The mean modified-AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 82.6 points (ranged from 66 to 92 points),reached a significantly improvement in comparing with the mean preoperative score (50.8 points,ranged from 32 to 65 points, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The modified limited"L" incision beside the Achilles tendon with distraction bone block arthrodesis is an acceptable and alternative treatment method for subtalar osteoarthritis. This method is easy to use and with less complication. It can correct the main pathological changes and reach good functional outcomes.</p>

Surgical treatment of tarsometatarsal joints injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summmarize the clinical experience of open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of tarsometatarsal joint injury ane evaluate the effects of operative treatment to tarsometatarsal joint injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March to July in 2009,9 patients with tarsometatarsal joint injury were treated by open reduction and internal fixation included 7 males and 2 females with an average age of 33.5 years old ranging from 20 to 47 years. According to Quenu-Kuss classification, there were 5 cases of type A, 3 of type B, 1 of type C. All patients were treated by cannulated screws and Kirschner wires through 1 to 2 microtubule straight incision on dorsum of foot. The foot function were assessed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 5 to 12 months with an average of 8 months. Complications concluded 1 case with infection, 1 case with post-traumatic arthritis. The failure of Kirschner wires was not discovered in 9 cases. According to AOFAS system,the total scores increased from preoperative (15.5 +/- 4.2) to postoperative (92.0 +/- 5.2) (t = -45.95, P < 0.01). The results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 1, and poor in 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Open reduction and internal fixation for the reatment of tarsometatarsal joint injury should have satisfying results.</p>