ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To evaluate the clinical effect of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with ocular injuries involving the posterior segment. <p>METHODS:A total of 90 patients(90 eyes)with ocular injuries involving the posterior segment underwent pars plana vitrectomy in our hospital from March 2014 to June 2015 were recruited to carry out a retrospective study. We recorded the age, gender, occurrence site of trauma, visual acuity, anatomical site, nature of injury, wound length, the presence of an afferent pupillary defect, and the timing of vitrectomy. The Ocular Trauma Score was measured. The minimum follow-up from presentation was 6mo. <p>RESULTS:The mean duration of follow up was 198d, ranged from 182 to 240d. There were 77 males and 13 females of all, with a mean age of 32.7±15.8 years old and 47 patients(52.2%)injured in the workplace, 14 patients(15.6%)at home. The mean visual acuity(LogMAR)of patients were significantly improved from 2.36±0.72 preoperatively to 1.50±1.14 postoperatively. There were 23 patients whose preoperative vision were better than 2.0 LogMAR, the postoperative visual acuity of these patients were significantly better than others(<i>P</i><0.01). No significant difference of visual improvement was found between groups with early vitrectomy(<7d)or delayed vitrectomy(>7d)(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference of postoperative visual acuity between patients with injury in Zone I and II(<i>P</i>>0.05), but visual acuity of patients with injury in Zone III were significant poorer(<i>P</i><0.05). The postoperative visual acuity of patients with relative afferent pupillary defect were significant poorer(<i>P</i><0.05). Preoperative visual acuity, the difference of preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, and postoperative visual acuity were significantly different between groups with different ocular trauma scores(<i>P</i><0.01). <p>CONCLUSION:Trauma is more likely to occur in men under 40 years of age and in the workplace. The favorable final visual outcome is associated with the absence of afferent pupillary defect, ocular trauma score and presenting visual acuity as well as the zone of injury, and not associated with the timing of vitrectomy.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects and mechanism of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its ligands on the metabolism of bile acids in rats with estrogen-induced intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An ICP rat model was established with estradiol benzoate (EB) injections. Then FXR ligand chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was administrated (100 mg/kg daily) to ICP rats for 5 days. The serum TBA and expression of FXR and bile salt export pump (BSEP) in the rat livers were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of TBA in the CDCA group rats were significantly lower than the untreated rats [(17.2+/-4.1)micromol/L vs (29.3+/-6.4)micromol/L], and the expressions of mRNA and protein of FXR were significantly higher [(0.76+/-0.09 vs 0.53+/-0.06, P<0.05 and 2.35+/-0.06 vs 1.83+/-0.05, P<0.017, respectively)], and the expressions of BSEP were also higher [(0.99+/-0.21 vs 0.76+/-0.07, P<0.017 and 1.88+/-0.03 vs 1.46+/-0.06, P<0.017, respectively)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FXR plays an important role in modulating the metabolism of bile acids. CDCA can lower the levels of serum TBA by upregulating the expression of FXR and BSEP and then increasing the transport of the bile acids. These facts might present a new idea and target for the treatment of ICP.</p>